Ancient & modern
THE debate grinds on about whether to bid for the Olympic Games to be staged in London. It is time to apply a little ancient wisdom.
Alcibiades, darling of the Bright Young Things in 5th-century BC Athens, was very proud of his achievements in the prestigious chariot race at the Olympic Games (he entered seven teams, finishing first, second and fourth). He argued that, since his performance generated tremendous regard for Athens' power, it could hardly be regarded as a 'folly', as some had said.
But Alcibiades was talking not about staging but about winning the Games, something Brits rarely do. And even winning was pooh-poohed by the poet and thinker Xenophanes, who pointed out that, however much the victor at the Games was honoured, 'the city would not thereby be better governed, nor its granaries filled'. Aristotle thought 'the athlete's style of bodily fitness does nothing for the general purposes of civic life, nor does it encourage ordinary health or the procreation of children. Some exercise is essential, but it must be neither violent nor specialised, as is the case with athletes.' Cicero was even more contemptuous: when Milo. a famous wrestler grown old, saw young men practising and lamented that his own arms were now dead, Cicero said, 'No, you fool, you are dead, since your nobility came not from yourself but from your arms and legs.'
The Greek doctor Galen, who practised in Rome, raised another issue. 'Perhaps it is because they make such huge sums of money, much more than anyone else, that athletes put on airs. And yet you can see for yourself that they are all in debt, not only when they are playing but when they retire.'
The Roman emperor Augustus' confidant Maecenas lamented the expense of it all: 'The cities should not waste their resources on number and variety of games, in case they exhaust themselves in futile exertions and quarrel over unreasonable desire for glory. They should not ruin the public treasury and private estates thereby.'
Which is exactly what happens today, as cities compete to stage the Games. The ancient Greeks knew better: the original Olympic Games were held every four years in exactly the same place, a sanctuary of Olympian Zeus in a backwater of the western Peloponnese.
Unproductive, unhealthy, ignoble, pauperising: just about sums up the whole Olympic Games manifesto.
Peter Jones
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