The United States mail steam-ship Arago brings advices from New
York to the 18th October.
Much interest attached to the election-reports from Indiana, a doubt- ful State. The reports are at present imperfect, and in some degree con- tradictory. A despatch from Cincinnati gives the Democrats 5000 ma- jority in seventy-three of the ninety-one counties ; while reports from Indianopolis say that the Republican nominee for Governor is elected. Five of the eleven members of Congress are conceded to the Republicans. In Ohio thirteen Republican and five Democratic Congressmen have been certainly elected. The three remaining districts are assumed to have chosen Republicans.
The New York money-market was without material change. The banks generally, it was said, were discounting to a fair extent for their customers, and the rate of interest appeared to be somewhat yielding. The stock-market was rather animated, and prices of several descriptions had advanced. Foreign exchanges were unsettled, and bills on England were plentiful, with a good demand. The cotton-market continued firm, with sales at full prices. The flour-market was firm, with a fair amount of sales.
The reason why the recent election in the State of Pennsylvania alone is understood to settle the question of the Presidency of the United States will be apparent the moment we look at the manner of taking the vote. Each State elects special representatives to vote in the election of the President The number of voters appointed by each State corresponds to the number of Members elected by that State for the House of Repre- sentatives plus two ; so that the number of voters in each State exactly agrees with the collective number of the Senators and Representatives of each State. The voters meet in the State capital; and are called a Col- lege. They are free to give their votes for different candidates, but we believe that no instance has yet occurred of any but an unanimous vote in each College. The vote is sealed up and sent to Washington under the seal of the Governor, by a special messenger, in February. All the packages are opened by the House of Representatives, and the. result is then officially made public. The vote of the State Colleges, however, always transpires beforehand, and is communicated by telegraph to every part of the Union ; so that within a few hours after the giving of the vote on Tuesday next, the election, should a clear majority be given to either of the candidates, will not only be settled but announced through all the Union. The total number of votes is 296. By the adhesion of Pennsylvania, a State which gives 27 votes, to the Democratic party; Mr. Buchanan has ascertained votes within three of the requisite ma- jority ; and some of the unpronounced States, including California, are confidently reckoned as his.
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