be Probinrez.

The monetary pressure has induced the Liverpool merchants to set forth their difficulties and wants in the subjoined memorial to the First Lord of the Treasury. The movement originated with the American Chamber of Commerce; it also had the concurrence of the China and the East India Association, and of many private firms. "The Memorial of the undersigned bankers, merchants, traders, and

others, inhabitants of Liverpool, " Showeth—That your memorialists beg respectfully to represent to your Lord- ship the present deplorable condition of the trade, commerce, and manufactures of the country, and the imperative necessity for such immediate relief as it may be in the power of the Government to afford. Produce of every description is only saleable in small quantities and at enormous sacrifice. Bills of exchange and the most valuable securities are unconvertible into cash, even at great depre- ciation, except in the most insignificant amounts. Foreign orders for produce and goods cannot be executed for want of the customary facilities for disposal of bills drawn against them. Confidence is all but annihilated, and the currency of the country in a great measure withdrawn and hoarded. "It is needless on this occasion to inquire by what combination of causes this lamentable state of affairs has been brought about: a crisis of unparalleled severity exists, and your memorialists believe that it is in the power of the Go- vernment to allay alarm and restore confidence, by coming to the relief of the com- mercial and manufacturing classes by a temporary advance on the credit of the country. Your memorialists believe it is not only the duty but the interest of Government to afford relief, inasmuch as they confidently believe that the utter prostration of the manufacturing and commercial interests cannot otherwise be prevented, whereby the labouring population will be immediately thrown out of employment, and an amount of misery and destitution will be witnessed unexam- pled in the annals of the country. "Your Lordship may depend upon us when we assure you, that, if the present pressure be not relieved, merchants and other traders of undoubted respectability, who are not only solvent but rich, and who have merchandise and bills which under ordinary circumstances would afford easy and ample means of meeting vo- gagements, will inevitably be compelled to stop payment." The memorial was intrusted for presentation to a deputation consisting of Mr. William Brown M.P., Mr. Cardwell, M.P., Mr. Wilson Patten, M.P., Mr. George Hall Brown, Mayor of Liverpool, Mr. T. B. Horsfall, Mr. Charles Turner, Mr. William Stuart, Mr. James Chapman, and Mr. Wylie. These gentlemen had an interview with Lord John Russell on Tuesday; the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the President of the Board of Trade being present. The subjoined outline of what passed is taken from the Morning Post, that journal vouching for its accuracy: though more concise, it is more distinct and emphatic than the other ac- counts.

"The Mayor ably supported the prayer of the memorial and assured the noble Lord it was not at all:exaggerated. Mr. Brown and Mr. Wilson Patten confirmed the Mayor's statement; and Mr. Wilson Patten announced that all the mills at Warrington were now stopped. "The Chancellor of the Exchequer inquired what remedies were suggested? "Mr. Brown proposed an issue of Exchequer Bills on security of Consols and produce; and was supported by Messrs. Turner and Nicol. "The Chancellor of the Exchequer remarked, that in London this plan was not thought applicable, and would not meet the evil complained of.

"Mr. Chapman suggested the precedent of 1825, when the issue of five millions of notes restored confidence; and proposed Government authorizing the Bank to issue five millions, on Government Securities and East India Stock and Bonds, for a period of six months, at the rate of 6 per cent.

"Lord John Russell remarked, it was lawful in 1825 for the Bank to do so, but the case was now altered.

"Mr. lionfall suggested, that if Government would only give the deputation the assurance that some relief should be afforded within a week, such declaration, in Itself, would tend greatly to restore confidence.

"Mr. Stuart forcibly detailed the fearful state the country would be in unless relief were afforded.

"The Chancellor of the Exchequer said, the only mode of relief would be by an issue of notes, which would be contrary to law; and Government did not feel justified in so doing, and declined holding out any hope of such relief, fear- ing the present evil would be rather increased than diminished if matters were not allowed to take their course.

"The deputation, after a conference of one hour and a half, retired, greatly disappointed at the apparently firm resolution of Government, and the failure of their mission."

The movement in Lancashire to obtain a temporary suspension of labour in the mills, as opposed to a reduction in the rate of wages, is proceeding. A meeting of delegates from the different manufacturing localities of the county was held at Manchester on Sunday. Various speakers described

the condition of the districts.

At Oldham and other places there was the greatest possible depression. It was stated that many of the mills only worked on an average two and three days in the week, some two and three hours in the day, while others did not work at all. At Blackburn, some of the spinners had submitted to the proposed reduction of ten per cent rather than remain out of work for the winter. At Ashton, no fewer than twenty-one firms have given notice of an intended reduction of ten per cent; and under these circumstances, the operatives think that cessation for a short time would be preferable to a total suspension, in the expectation that mar- kets, with the turn of the new year, may improve and prevent any permanent re- duction. The reports from Bolton were to the effect that they did not altogether side with the cessation proposal, thinking it might disturb the good feeling that ought to exist between the employer and employed; but, on the other hand, there was the ominous fact staring them in the face, that firms in Bolton, that for years had not worked short time, were now running only at the rate of two and three days in the week. There were only six mills in Preston working full time; the others went at two and three days a week. Chorley, Dunkinfield, Hindley, and Heywood, gave in their adherence to stoppage for a short time, rather than a re- duction of ten per cent. It was understood from the Manchester delegates, that the Manchester Board of Guardians were sending spinners who sought relief to fill the places of those who had determined on turning out. At Stockport, the state of feeling appears to be unanimously in favour of cessation for a period. Most of the mills are working short time, and between one hundred and two hun- dred mills are standing still. There is some talk of a public demonstration on the subject.. At Warrington, where the same stagnation exists, the unemployed operatives have gone to the relieving-officers in a peaceable procession ot some seven hundred, asking for reproductive employment in the shape of land reclama- tion: the answer of the Guardians is that they will take the subject into consi- deration. Every cotton-mill is closed; throwing upwards of 2.000 directly—and collaterally, including families, 4,000 or 5,000 hands out of employ.

Various resolutions were passed. The first contained an appeal to the manufacturing firms of Ashton, urging them to withdraw their proposed redaction to the extent of ten per cent on pre- sent wages; and recommending, should they not accede, a general strike or cessa- tion from all labour throughout the entire district, on Thursday next, the 21st in- stant. In the interim, however, four delegates from Manchester, Ashton, Old- ham, and Bolton, were instructed to wait upon the Ashton factors, to enforce by argument and representation the necessity of the cessation; and also, during the week, on Lord John Russell, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Secretary of State; the chief object of the deputation to the Government being to solicit, for the benefit of the manufacturing interest, some elastic alteration in the currency, so as to enable them to carry out trading operations without trenching on the re- muneration of their workpeople, or superinducing the necessity of a reduction in their wages. Another resolution which passed was condemnatory of any pro- ceedings calculated to disturb the peace of the district.

At the Dudley meeting, on Saturday, the prices for iron were main- tained; although there are signs that a fall will commence at no distant period.

The accounts of trade in Nottingham are very unfavourable. The Not- tingham Review says—" Considerable numbers are preparing for emigration to the United States, but the recent influx of hands there has caused the masters in German Town and Philadelphia to attempt a reduction of the Wages—report says to the extent of 20 per cent, and the stockingers are upon strike in those places."

Both in Manchester and Liverpool, apprehensions are entertained for the peace of the factory districts in this time of protracted depression. A Liverpool letter says--" Sir W. Warre, the head of the district, has pro- ceeded to London, actuated by a very proper desire to provide against any disturbance to the peace of the country which might arise from the already vast discharge of artisans from employ, and the impending dismissal of others at the close of the week."

The Liverpool correspondent of the Times announces that Birkenhead Docks are to be, or have been, purchased by the Government, on these terms--" The trust to be changed; six Commissioners to be appointed by Birkenhead, six by Wallasey, three by the bondholders, and one, the Chairman, by the Crown; Government to find the funds required on loan."

After Sir Robert Peel's return from Birkenhead, on Friday, he was entertained at dinner by the Mayor, along with Lord Sandon, and a party of about seventy Lord Sandon was seated on the Mayor's right hand, Sir Robert Peel on his left; and immediately next to them, Mr. William Brown, M.P., Mr. Thornely, M.P., Mr. Wilson Patten, M.P., Mr. Cardwell, M.P., and Mr. Jackson, M.P. The dinner being considered private, no accommodation was provided for reporters, and as a consequence ouly outline of the speeches got into print. Lord Sandon passed in review the events of that "most interesting and important portion of his life" the sixteen years during which he had re- presented the interests of Liverpool in Parliament— Looking back to that period, he found that the population of Liverpool, which in 1831 was 205,964, had grown in 1846 to 358,655; that the revenue of the Corporation property, which in 1831 was 45.9681., in 1847 was 59,3361.; that the town-dues, from 49,3321. had increased to 97,2191.; that the revenue of the Dock Trustees had increased from 183,455/. in 1831, to 244,4351., although they had reduced the dues 38/, per cent in 1836; that the extent of the docks, which in 1831 was Ill acres of water space, had increased to 180 acres with 14 miles of quay space; that the shipping in the same period had increased from 12,537 vessels to 20.889 vessels, and the tonnage from 1,592,436 to 3,351,539 tons; while the cotton imported had, from 793,469 bales, increased to 1,134,081 bales in 1846.

Sir Robert Peel alluded to the melancholy occasion of his last visit to Liverpool, many years ago— One of the objects of interest he had that day seen referred his mind with pain- ful emotion to that occasion, the opening of the railway to Manchester, which commenced in joy and triumph, but terminated in lamentation and we; that mournful accident having occurred which deprived the country of an eminent statesman and Liverpool of an able representative. He had long known Mr. Hue- kisson, and for some time was associated with him in the service of the Crown. It was a great gratification to him to be present on an occasion when special honour was done to the memory of that great man, whose private virtues and public cha- racter entitled him to the respect and admiration of his fellow countrymen.

One circumstance alone caused him regret—that the period at which they met was one of commercial gloom. He was sure that they would all feel that was not a fit opportunity for discussing the causes or remedy for the existing de- pression. But of this he assured them, that there was no one who could view the present state of affairs with greater solicitude than he did, or could feel a deep- er interest in the mitigation of the pressure which was so severely felt.

Mr. Cardwell, for himself and Sir Thomas Birch the other Member for Liverpool, expressed their deep sense of the responsibility which had de- volved upon them; a responsibility greatly enhanced by the present com- mercial difficulties. On former occasions they had seen Liverpool take the lead in the march of improvement; and they now saw her affording a dis- tinguished example of fortitude under reverses. Mr. Thornely expressed a hope that the present trying circumstances would soon disappear.

Sir Robert Peel returned to Tamworth on Saturday morning.

Devizes fair in Wiltshire, on the 20th instant, was very short of stock, and the increase on the prices at Weybill was from two to three shillings per head. The fair was well attended with buyers from all parts of the country, and was very early cleared of all description of stock.

Brentwood fair, on Saturday, was one of the dullest ever known, There was but little cattle sold; those who attended to buy refusing to give the price demanded.

A recently-built Roman Catholic Church in New London Road, Chelms- ford, was consecrated and opened on Wednesday, by Bishop Wiseman, the Vicar Apostolic of the London district, and other of the leading ecclesias- tical authorities of that communion in England. Lady Petre and many of the leading members of the Catholic laity were present. The church is an elegant building, handsomely decorated.

A novel proceeding against coal-masters has been taken before the Wolver- hampton Magistrates. .Mr. Caddick, a solicitor of West Bromwich, charged Messrs. Raybould and Salter, the lessees of divers collieries, with feloniously taking coal from his land. Thirteen years ago, Mr. Caddick bought about three quarters of an acre of land, and on this he built a house at an expense of 3,0001. Ttie accused worked a colliery near his land. Recently, the solicitor's house ex- hibited cracks in the walls, and the windows were split. He told Mr. Rayboald that he thought the coal-workings had been carried under his home; but this was denied. The evidence before the Magistrates, however, clearly proved that large quantities of coal had been dug from the complainant's land. The defendants were committed for trial, but admitted to bail under their own recognizances. Hitherto, cases of this kind have been considered matter for civil action rather than for criminal proceedings.

We have reported the case at Manes of several children who were supposed to have been poisoned by the woman that nursed them: the Jury that sat on the body have returned a verdict that the infants were destroyed by arsenic, admin- istered by some person or persons unknown. It is said that the witnesses at the inquest exhibited the most shocking depravity of feeling; even the parents of the murdered children treating the matter with great levity.

A stoker who was wounded by the collision on the Lancaster and Carlisle Rail- way, at Milnthorpe. has since died. The first accounts of the disaster were er. roneous. A down luggage-train had to be moved from the down line for a

passenger-train to pass, and as it was too long for the siding it was moved to the up rails; while it was stationary, an up cattle-train arrived at

a great speed, and dashed into the luggage-train. It is said that nearly every one was to blame in this disaster; the engineers of the stationary train were in a public-house, instead of being on their locomotives; no warning was sent forward to stop any up-train that might approach, though there is a carve at the station; and the driver of the cattle-train, contrary to the rules, kept up a great speed on approaching the station. It would seem that the stoker was the only man who suffered from the collision; but the tortures of the man- gled, burnt, and scalded rattle, are described as horrible. The company will be pecuniary losers to the extent of some 5,000/. A stupendous stone viaduct is in course of erection over the river Wharfs, nem Otley, for the Leeds and Thirsk Railway. On Tuesday, one of the arches fell in, burying a number of workmen who were upon it: one was taken from the nuns dead, and others were much hurt. The Reverend W. Gray, the Rector of Haslingden, and a Magistrate, has com- mitted suicide, by cutting his throat, while in bed at mid-day. He had pre- viously read prayers in his church, and baptised several children. While fourlabourers were raising an iron beam by a crane in the Ardwick Foundry at Manchester, the suspending chain snapped, and the beam was dashed upon the men: all were horribly mangled; one died soon after, and the conditiell of the others was considered hopeless.

Chartley Hall, a seat belonging to Earl Ferrers, in the neighbourhood of Stat. ford, has been almost entirely destroyed by a fire which broke out during the night The mansion had recently undergone a repair, Wad 'sty the &di seek deuce there. England, caused the utmost dismay. The Royal Bank was established in 1836, as a joint stock bank: its paid-up capital is 646,0001.•' and it bore a high cha- racter from the known ev.mhb of the shareholders, 250 in number. The shares were at a high premium. The Bank has no branches; and its London agents are Messrs. Roberts and Company, who continued to pay the drafts up to the dose of business on Monday. About ten days ago, aid was obtained from the Bank of England; and suspicion was first excited last week by the forcing the sale of some shares at a reduction of 1001. in the premium. There was a partial run; and it got wind that uncovered advances to the amount of nearly 1,000,0001. bad been made to three local houses!

On Wednesday, the following" official circular" was issued by the Royal Bank-

" The Directors of the Royal Bank of Liverpool, having waited the result of the town deputation, regret that it has returned unsuccessful. There is sell another effort being made by the Directors for assistance." On the stoppage becoming known, there was a run on all the banks; and on Tuesday the Liverpool Banking Company was compelled partially to suspend its operations, by ceasing to pay cheeks, although keeping open for other business. Several smaller failures took place on Monday: the agency-house of Mr. Wil- liam Pearse, and that of Messrs. Molyneux and Hulbert, tea-brokers. Some de- faulters in the Share Market were reported. Three small failures were announced in Liverpool on Wednesday: Mr. James Logan, a merchant in the Canadian trade; Messrs. Brookes and Wilson, ship- owners; Messrs. Glazenbrook and Son, iron-merchants, of Water Street. The liabilities are not large. On Thursday, two more houses stopped payment: Messrs. Berry, Young, and Co., cotton. brokers; and Messrs. Livington and Co., East India merchants. In neither case are the liabilities large.

An application which had been lying for the last two days before the Direc- tors of the Bank of England, from Messrs. Littledale and Company, of Liverpool, was favourably answered, on Thursday. There has been a good deal of misre- presentation as to the precise nature of the application. "Their request was," says the Morning Chronicle," to open an account with the Bank of England, to supply the loss of the Royal Bank, when from the extraordinary pressure of the times no private bank was in a position to do so. No immediate grant or loan was asked except in the way of discounts, and all their requests were acceded to in the most ready and handsome manner." The suspension of the Newcastle Union Joint Stock Bank was announced on Thursday, as a "consequence of the difficulty in obtaining discount." The Union Bank was established eleven years ago, with a paid-up capital of 152,4001.; and not many months back its shares, on which 51. were paid, were i quoted at 81. to 101. The number of partners i 505. There are seven branches n the district, and its authorized issue of notes was 84,1301. Fears are entertained that the liquidation will not be favourable, in consequence of large advances made on colliery property. The London agents were originally Messrs. Barnett, lloares, and Co.; from which house the account has been lately.removed to the London and Westminster Bank. Both of these firms, however, are well covered for their advances.

The banking-house of Messrs. Scholes and Co. of Manchester, has also yielded to the pressure; having stopped payment on Thursday. The concern is a private bank, and its liabilities are not large. The London agents are Messrs. Curries and Co.

Several meetings have been held during the week to investigate the " estates " of the different great firms which had fallen.

The creditors of Messrs. Lyall Brothers and Co. met on Saturday, to receive the accountant's report. The statement shows a deficiency of 188,8311, and the means of giving a dividend of 9s. in the pound. The amount of the deficiency is made to appear larger, because, to guard against raising undue expectations, a claim against the Indian house of Lyall, Matheson, and Co., for 203,6751., is put down at the low estimate of 60,0001. Should the Indian house be able to meet all their engagements, the dividend will be 17s.; but, on the supposition that they can only pay 10s. or 15s. in the pound, the dividend on the Landon estate is ex- pected to reach 112. or even 14s. The concern is to be wound up under in- epection. On tbe same day, a meeting of the creditors of Messrs. Thomas Usborne and Son took place. The statement submitted shows a dividend of 10s. 3d. in the pound; which the creditors agreed to accept.

A meeting of creditors under the estate of Messrs. Cockerell and Company was held on Monday. The statement prepared by Mr. Oliverson, the solicitor, ex- hibits a nominal surplus of 190,0001.; dependent, however, on the assumption that the Calcutta house, which stands indebted to the amount of 435,5001., will be able

to meet all its liabilities; which, if not forced to make undue sacrifices, it is ex- pected to do. The estate is to be wound up under inspection; and Mr. Martin,

formerly a partner in the Calcutta house, is to proceed to India, accompanied by competent persons for the protection of the interests of the creditors. On the whole, the prospects of the estate are considered to wear a favourable aspect. A meeting was also held under the estate of Messrs. Castellain, Sons and Corn- parry. The accountant's statement shows a deficiency. of 36,0481., and a probable

dividend of 9s. 8d. in the pound. Of the large amount of indirect liabilities run- ning on the firm at the time of suspension, the meeting was informed that 300,0001. had already run off: Of the assets, 24,0001. have been realized, and invested in Exchequer Bills. It was agreed to wind up the estate under inspection.

The creditors of Messrs. Thomas, Son, and Lefevre, met on Tuesday. The statement shows a balance surplus of 40,2121. 10s. The ultimate liquidation in full will depend upon the ability of Messrs. De Jersey and Co. of Manchester, and of the St. Petersburg firm to meet their engagements: of which there is every probability. Since the date of suspension, 40,0001. has been remitted from the St. Petersburg house; making 67,0001. in bills receivable which will shortly be appli- cable for a dividend.

It appears that a new firm, under the name of Johnstone, Ebsworth, and Holmes, has been formed with the view of taking up some portion of the business of Messrs. Reid, Irving, and Co.; in whose house two of the partners have been for many years.

The suspension of railway works appears to have commenced in good earneet. The London and North-western Railway Company recently is- sued circulars to all companies with which they are connected, urgently recommending, that, wherever it was practicable, railway works should be suspended for the present; and the recommendation has been adopted by most of the companies to which it was made. In one instant)°, a railway board, whose stook has been guaranteed a fixed percentage by the London and North-western Company, immediately announced their intention of not making another call for twelve months. All works on the London and North-western line (and those lines now exceed five hundred miles in extent) which could be postponed have been suspended indefinitely; thus carrying out Mr. Glyn's declaration at the last meeting of the Company, that no works that were not immediately necessary would be commenced.

The hop-growers of Kent have applied to the Chancellor of the Exche- quer, through a deputation, to relieve the distress under which they la- bour, by postponing the receipt of the second instalment on the hop-duties of 1846 beyond the ordinary period. In a letter to Mr. T. L Hodges, Sir Charles Wood replies—

"I have had an opportunity of consulting the officers of the revenue depart- ments, and of considering the case of those parties who might claim a similar in-, dalgence. I regret to say, that upon full consideration of all the circumstances, I do not feel that, with justice to other parties, and without serious inconvenience to the public service, I can accede to your request. I am very sorry to hear of the distress which you represented as existing among the hop-growers in Kent; but the time allowed by law for the payment of the hop-duty is already so much beyond that usually allowed for the payment of duties, that it has always been considered as having no claim for further extension." A table has been issued from the Excise Office, signed " L. S. Lyme, Ac- countant-General," showing the gross amount of duty received on hops the growth of 1847 : up to yesterday, the 22d instant, the amount was 7,7501.

In a foregoing page we have said that the calamitous consequences of the speculative mania were not unforeseen: here is a specimen of the far-off warnings, extracted from our own file. The article of which this formed the concluding paragraph was written during the access of the railway fever in 1845, and applied more immediately to it: " the famine," and its attendant train of aggravations, were still in the unrevealed future. "Supposing this confidence should prove fallacious, and things should take the

fatal turn which has been hinted at, there is one consolation which will be open tc

all involved in the common ruin. Heretofore, when we have been visited by the consequences of over-speculation, the issuing-banks have contrived, as fast as the foreign exchanges went down, to counteract the contraction of the currency which

would otherwise have taken place, by a proportionate increase in their issues, and thus to defer the inevitable crash, with the certainty of causing it to be more ex- tensive and protracted when it came. The Bank Charter Act of last session will now effectually preclude this palliative: when once the exchanges turn and the banking-reserve of the Bank of England is reduced to its lowest point, nothing can then take place but the inflexible working of the law, under which the paper-circulation of the country will contract day by day in proportion to tha gold withdrawn; and from the dull unvarying pressure of this remorseless screw there will be no escape until it has done its work. If under its operation the railway schemes of the past year should fall from their present premiums, not to a discount but merely to par, about ten millions of wealth of which the public now fancy themselves possessed will have wholly evaporated; while, if the shares of the old companies fall only to the point at which they stood this time last year, and from which they have risen not so much on account of increased divi- dends as from anticipations of wonderful effects from amalgamation, &c., an eva- poration of about twelve millions more will be found to have taken place. When these events occur' with their long train of bankruptcies, embezzlements, and sui- cides, the public will not be disposed to permit sell-reproach to be added to their other afflictions: the new Bank Charter Act will receive their anathemas, as the cause of all the evil; and by hugging this consolation, many will contrive to pass through the misery that awaits them, without even deriving the advan- tage of the lesson which that misery is calculated to teach, namely, a conscious- ness of their own immorality and folly."—.Spectator, 26th July 1845. The present dilemma of gambling Liverpool as curiously foreshadowed by the commercial writer in the Times; who spoke as follows in July last, apropos to a speculative reaction in the price of "shares," after the de-' pression in April- " In shares the reaction has been remarkable; but according to the Liverpool price-lists, its extent in that town has been far greater than in London. During the ardour of the past week, the jump in some of the smaller shares has been equal to not less than 30 per cent; while in heavy descriptions the rise is so enor- mous as to show that purchases must have been made of the boldest description. a fact which it may be worth while to notice, in case events now looming (all though perhaps at some months' distance) should render necessary another de- putation to London to solicit Government aid, or a repeal of the Bank Charter Act."—Times, 1st July 1847; City Article.

In the year 1737 Three per Cent Consols obtained the price of 107 per cent, which was the highest ever known; and on the 20th of September 1797, when the failure of the attempt to negotiate with the French Re4 public became known, they fell to 471 the lowest point they ever reached.

There have been two Cabinet Councils at the Foreign Office this week: one on Monday, and the other on Thursday. The Council had a long sit- ting on each occasion.

A Treasury warrant in Tuesday's Gazette directed several alterations' and reductions in intercolonial postages. Among other changes, a uniform penny postage is established in the colony of Hong-kong.

The Board of Health at Malta have come to the determination that vessels arriving from ports where the cholera exists, having actually on board cases of sickness or death, or having had either the one or the other within twelve days previous to arrival at Malta, will not be permitted to enter even the quarantine harbour, but must remain cruising in and off the harbour for such number of days as the Board of Health may decide. Upon the report of the quarantine physicians, who will go alongside, and obtain the necessary information as to the nature of the disease, the Board ' of Health will fix the number of days before such vessels can be allowed to enter the quarantine harbour; and they will then be required to perform such period of quarantine as the Board may impose.

A model of the penny coinage, proposed by Mr. Dowse, and submitted: by him to the inspection of her Majesty, Prince Albert, the Lords of the Treasury, the Master of the Mint, and the Numismatic Society, has been: published. It is composed of silver and copper, in the proportion of seven- eighths in value of the former to one-eighth of the latter metal; but is not an amalgamation, the silver being quite distinct—about three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter; having an excellent likeness of her Majesty, and the inscription "Victoria Reg." on the obverse, and a simple Roman I on the reverse side. This diminutive coin is set in a copper frame, about the size and substance of a shilling, which at present bears the inscription "Penny Model." This coin, if adopted, will effect a saving in bulk and weight or full 700 per cent.— Globe.

A new helmet for the heavy Dragoons has just been sanctioned by the proper authorities, and will come into we at the customary period for -re- newing the clothing. In form the helmet resembles that worn by the Life ' Guards- but the material is of brass, with a black horse-hair plume.— United Service Gazette.

Prince Albert, brother to the King of Prussia, has instituted a suit of divorce against his wife' the Princess Wilhelouina Frederica, daughter to the King of Holland. The Princess arrived at the Hague on the 13th. instant, to remain with her parents during the progress of the suit. It i5 said that she is equally desirous of a separation, and that she will suffer judgment to go- by default. Her three children are left at Berlin.

Lisbon letters of the 14th instant mention that Count Bomfim and his companions in exile had landed at Lisbon, without any public demonstra- tion having been made.

Ibrahim Pacha has suddenly arrived at Malta, in quest of health. The invalid had been suffering from severe dysentery, and his French physician had prescribed a sea voyage. He left Alexandria on the 9th instant, in a state of the utmost prostration, and arrived at Malta on the 13th: his malady had considerably abated. His sudden departure, the annular eclipse on the same day, and an extraordinary rise of the Nile, had filled the astrologers of Egypt with the gloomiest forebodings.

The Reverend James Prince Lee, M.A., Head Master of Wing Edward's Free School, Birmingham, has been appointed Bishop of the new see of Manchester. Mr. Lee was formerly second Master of Rugby School, at the time when the late Dr. Arnold was principal.

A lady engineer has at length solved the problem of a convenient and practi- cable communication between the passengers and guards of railway trains, in a manner exempt from most of the evils that have hitherto deterred railway men from entertaining such projects. The evil of most methods hitherto suggested has been that they alarm only, instead of simply communicating; and that they are of a nature liable to frequent derangement, or neglect, or disuse. This inven- tionis neither more nor less than a common talking-tube, such as many business men have in their offices to talk with their clerks in another room. This her ladyship the inventress proposes to put in every carriage of a railway train. The apparatus generally will be as follows. A common tin tube, say an inch in diameter, will pass along every carriage, say just under the roof; and at each end an India rubber pipe will continue it into the next carriage, so as to be de- tached with each carriage (by a bayonet joint) and attached when the train is formed. Any eye will detect the continuity or discontinuity of the communica- tion from the Outside of the train before starting, and the India rubber will allow any flexure or extension without injury to the communication. There will thus be one continuous speaking-tube all along the train; an orifice, closed with a spring, except when in use, will be in each carriage, and the number of each carriage will be legibly inscribed on it; a similar orifice will be conveniently placed at the seat of the guard of the train. Each passenger can thus address to the guard any communication that may be required. There is this difference between this mode of communication and the alarnms proposed, that instead of a vague alarm being given, a specific message is communicated, and the guard is left the option of complying with the request or declining, so as to use his discre- tion coolly with a full knowledge of the circumstances. There are sundry matters of convenience to be attended to in this before it is practically quite perfect; but we think our lady correspondent has hit the simplest method, and the least ob- iectionable.—Railway Chronicle The high rate of fares on the Eastern Counties Railway has led to the re- establishment of a stage-coach from Cambridge to London. It started from Cam- bridge on Monday week, creating quite a "sensation" in the city; and had very fair loads during the week.

From a return lately sent in to the Communal Council of Brussels, it appears that on the 1st October 1847, there were in that city 127,745 inhabitants, or 4,241 more than at the corresponding period of 1846. There were born in 1846,2,480 male children and 2,399 female ones; being 161 births less than 1845. The numbers of deaths in 1846 was 2,463 for males, and 2,253 for females; being 188 more than in 1845. The receipts of the city amounted in 1846 to 5,400,895 francs, and the expenditure to 5,251,406 francs.

The United States Boston Chronotype states that the second child born in Cincinnati still lives, and has not arrived at middle age, yet that city already numbers 80,000 inhabitants.

Accounts from Silesia state that the winter has already set in; the mountains being covered with snow.

In Brittany the growth of apples is so great that a sufficient number of casks cannot be found to hold the cider. In some parts the fruit is sold at fifteen, ten, and even five centimes the peck; in others, purchasers cannot be found at any mice; and in some they have used the apples as manure, or have given them to their cows for food.

So bountiful have been the crops of wheat in the neighbourhood of Faversham from the late harvest, that in many instances as much as eight quarters an acre have been reaped; and the respected Vicar, the Reverend Mr. Collins, in a very el • uent discourse on Sunday last, stated that as much as ten quarters of wheat been grown on a single acre of land, and fourteen quarters of barley on a like portion. That the above are not solitary instances may be known by the fact, that from a single acre selected from a field of wheat on the farm of Mr. Collard, at Reculver, ten quarters and three bushels were the amazing produce; which was proved with great care for the purpose of deciding a considerable wager.—Kentish Observer.

Among the curiosities which most attracts strangers visiting Munich at the present moment, perhaps the most curious is the residence of the Countess of Lansfield, the celebrated Lola Montez. Among the apartments thrown open to public admiration is the Countess's bedchamber, which is fitted up with royal magnificence and taste. On the table in this room is a rare ornament: a superb album is laid out, filled with pieces of poetry, written in German, and in cele- bration of the charms of the beautiful Countess; and on an embroidered cushion upon the same table, a hand, sculptured in marble, is shown as a representation of "the royal hand that wrote the verses."—Morning Chronicle.

This paragraph is going the round of the papers, under the head of "Strange Insurance "-- A well-known actor on the Edinburgh stage entered into an en- gagement with Jenny Lind, securing her singing powers for the gratification of the lieges in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Perth; the terms were 4001. per night. When the gifted SsV.8 was performing in England, she was taken ill; and as before that event considerable preparatory expense bad been incurred in Scotland, the speculator became rather alarmed, and accordingly insured the life of Jenny Lind for six weeks, for 1,0001. The only effect of this step was to reduce the gross profits of her visit by a twenty-pound note."

According to letters from Malta, to the 14th instant, Captain Tate whose in- fraction of the quarantine laws had created so much sensation, has been formally charged with the offence before the police authorities of the island, and commit- ted for trial. But it is said that he cannot be punished, in consequence of divers informalities committed by the customs authorities.

We regret to learn that the epidemic which has prevailed for the last few months in Edinburgh continues to spread with unabated violence notwithstanding. the exertions which have been made to arrest its progress. The number of patients at present in the Royal Infirmary is 772, of whom no fewer than 590 are fever patients; and so numerous are the applications for admission that the managers have been compelled, for want of accommoda ion, to refuse 52 applications. Within the present month, 199 cases have been re dived into the Infirmary from the City parish alone; and on Wednesday there were no less than 18 new cases within that limited district.—Edinburgh Courant.

The postmaster of Stranraer has been committed to gaol on a charge of ab- stracting 201. from a letter which passed through the post-office there. He has confessed his guilt. The Frankfort Journal states that the Criminal Court at Darmstadt has re- solved to make the mysterious death of the Countess of Goerlitz the subject of trial, and had issued warrants against the Count and several other suspected individuals.

The account which appeared recently of the murder of a boy by the Count de Gomer was incorrect in some particulars. The Union hfonarchique now states, on the authority of a communication addressed to it, that the boy, who was & noted depredator, was committing serious dilapidation on the tree; and that, disre- garding the Count's orders to descend, the latter placed his gun to his shoulder to frighten him, without having any intention to fire. A discharge, however, unex- pectedly and accidentally took place; but the boy was not killed.

In consequence, apparently, of what recently occurred at Lincoln, where a con- demned murderess cheated the gallows by hanging herself in her cell, Sir Geom., Grey has issued a circular to Magistrates, recommending the addition of a rule to the general regulations of prisons, for preventing the recurrence of such a case. Prisoners sentenced to death are to be carefully searched; likewise their cells; and a keeper is to be with them constantly.

Mr. Power, the Poor-law Commissioner in Dublin, having had reason lately to apprehend an attack upon his house by thieves, loaded a brace of pistols, and put them away: his youngest son, a boy of seven, saw where the pistols were placed; and in his father's absence he climbed up to the place, cried out, in play, • laind your eye, or I'll shoot you!" and pulled the trigger, sending the contents through his sister's heart !

Three persons have perished by a groundless panic in the Wesleyan Chapel at Bacup. On the morning of Sunday sennight, a Mrs. Jackson was to preach in the chapel, and there was a great congregation. The crowd near the door caused a slight displacement of a stove, and in consequence an iron pipe sank a fele inches, with a cracking noise; a cry arose that "the gallery was falling," and there was a rush to the door. In the tumult, several persons were thrown down and trampled on, and three of them—a man, a woman, and ahoy—were killed. A second rush of those who had been less alarmed by the first outcry, and had kept their seats, was caused by a man's breaking a window from the outside, and im- ploring the people to come out, as the place was falling: but though on this alarm more were thrown down in flying, no one was hurt fatally. While workmen were excavating the Standedge tunnel, on the Manchester and Huddersfield Railway, an immense quantity of earth gave way, burying a MR but he was not pressed by the ruins, having a space large enough to move about in. Though relays of men were kept at work night and day to extricate the prisoner, it was sixty hours before they got him out: he was able to speak, and under medical treatment soon began to recover.

The recent heavy rains have caused a loss of life at Stirling. Two postillions having returned to the city at night, entered the river, to wash the feet of their horses,—apparently unaware of the swollen state of the Forth; and they were drowned. Two of the horses were found in the street; another swam across the river; while the fourth was discovered standing in the water, groaning in terror.

The Iris, a Russian vessel, has been dashed to pieces on the rocks of Cornwall. The vessel had been anchored near the cliffs at Ganwalloe; but on Sunday ben- night, the anchors gave way, and the ship drifted on to the rocks. Of the crew of twelve, six men perished when the ship broke up; three were washed ashore, or managed to swim to land; while the others got on a small rock. Here they were exposed to the waves for twelve hours, clinging to clefts to save theniselves from being washed away; but eventually the people of the neighbourhood got them to land by means of a hawser.

In Marseilles, on the 18th, it was known that a collision had taken place be- tween two French steamers belonging to Messrs. Valery and Company, in the Mediterranean—the Bonaparte and the Count de Paris—on the coast of Italy. The shock was so violent that the Bonaparte immediately sank; and three persons were drowned.

When the Britannia went to New York for repairs after going on shore during her last outward voyage, so great was the captain's desire to return to Boston in time to depart for Liverpool on his regular day, that the boilers were filled and the furnaces lighted ready, even when she was on the dry dock; and the moment she was lowered into the water the wheels were set in motion, and she proceeded to Boston at her utmost speed. This instance of despatch was witnesaed by thou- sands, who looked on with surprise and admiration.

The accounts from Newfoundland are very discouraging. The cod fishery bee been all but a failure; the quantity of the potato crop is short; and the existence of the potato disease has been ascertained at Bonavista Bay. In Trinity Bay, among. a population of about 9,000, two-thirds were declared to be in a state bordering on starvation. To afford some relief before the winter set in, and to enable as many as could avail themselves of this assistance to provide slightly fox the harder part of the year, Sir Gaspard Le Merchant, it is said, contemplated general measures of employment.

There have been several fires within the last twenty-four hours. Yesterday morning the Whittington Club House, in Gresham Street, was all but totally de- stroyed by a tire which raged violently for two hours. It was subdued by the efforts of the Fire Brigade; but damage was done to the extent of several hundred pounds. The fire was caused by the overheating of the hat water cooking appal ratus.

Another fire broke out, somewhat later in the morning, close to the Bricklayers' Arms terminus of the South-eastern Railway. The site of the fire was a range of temporary workshops filled with combustible materials. The sheds and their contents were entirely destroyed. The premises belonging to Messrs. Johnstone and Company, oil and colourmen, in Lamb Street, Spitalfields, were nearly burnt down yesterday morning. When the flames were extinguished, it was ascertained that an illicit manufacture of soap had been carried on in the room in which the flames commenced; and the premises have been seized by the Excise. Early this morning, a timber-yard belonging to Messrs. Johnson and Co., in Exmouth Street, Spafields, was discovered to be on fire in several places; but the flames were put out without much difficulty.

Results of the Registrar-General's return of mortality in the Metropolis for the week ending on Saturday last—

Number of Autumn deaths. average.

Zymotle (or Epidemic, Endemic, and Contagious) Diseases 309 .• . 211 Dropsy, Cancer, and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat 81 .... 104 Dees.' of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves and Senses 112 ... 107 Diseases of the Lungs, and of the other Organs of Respiration 224 SU

Diseases of the Heart and Blood-veasela 24 st

Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion 91 741 Diseases of the Kidneys, Ste 14 9

Childbirth, diseases of the Uterus, fkc 21 14

Rheumatism, diseases of the Bones, Joints, &c. 9 7 Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, &a. 4 2 Old Age 40 65 Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 14 29 Total (including unspecified causes) 9531048

The comparison of the deaths registered last week in London with the deaths which would have been registered if the rate of mortality had been the same as in Dorsetshire, shows these totals—London, 953; Dorsetshire, 659; excess, 294. The temperature of the thermometer ranged from 91.2° in the sun to 35.5° in the shade; the mean temperature by day being warmer than the average mean temperature by 8.8°. The direction of the wind for the week was variable; the air was in very gentle motion.