fortigu net Culnuill.

,fraum—Paris kept holyday on Saturday evening to celebrate the battle of Solferino. The old French love of glory seems to be fast rising. "I never remember to have seen the illuminations more universal," says onejournalist-

it All along the Boulevards, from the Madeleine up to the Bastille, nearly every house glittered with gas decorations, or lanterns, together with the flags of France and Sardinia, profusely waving from thousands of windows.

Imagination soon set a thousand reports afloat. You heard how the Em- peror of Austria has been very nearly taken prisoner, how the King of !kr- jn'ia had been wounded, and how the Emperor of the French had led a cavalry charge. Paris was in the streets and rejoicing over a great victory.

What more could a Parisian wish for ? The Champs Elysees were crowded

as much as the streets of Paris." Another writes—" I never saw anything like the enthusiasm in Paris last night. Bands of young men roamed about

the streets, arm-in-arm, shouting and singing. In many places—a thing un-

precedented and not much to be commended—squibs and crackers were thrown about in great abundance. I heard one steady-looking pater-

familas inquiring somewhat angrily in a group why the police did not inter- fere, and the answer, which seemed to give general satisfaction, was, Tout eat pennis aujourd'hui !' " The French Government does not appear alarmed at the military movement in Prussia. The garrisons on the eastern frontiers have not been reinforced. Marshal Pelissier has made an arrangement with the Strasburg and Mulhouse Railway Company to be always ready to convey 30,000 troops from Paris to Strasburg within twelve hours, so that 100,000 men may be assembled on the Rhine within thirty-six hours. Something is said of a proposition for "mobilizing 100 battalions of National Guards, or reorganizing them to do duty in the garrisons. The Honiteur of the 30th publishes the following paragraph- " Two detachments sent from the depots of their respective corps having joined the army of Italy without being provided with the articles and uten- sils required for the campaign, the Minister of War has punished the supe- rior officers who organized the departure of these troops with fifteen days' arrest, and has published a censure on the general officers who did not pro- perly superintend the execution of his reiterated orders."

f&14.—Count Cavour has sent the following important circular to the representatives of Sardinia at foreign courts.

" Turin, June 14,1859.

Sir—The knowledge you possess of the principles which have always go- verned the policy of his Majesty's Government, as also the communications I have carefully made of late to your Legation, must have enabled you to appreciate and cause others to appreciate the political and military acts just consummated in Lombardy. It is nevertheless expedient at the present moment to take into account the origin and causes of those acts, and thus render yet clearer and more precise the intentions and the deeds of the King's Government.

"As soon as the Italian question, ignored by some and depreciated by others, took the first place among the preoccupations of Europe, the Cabinet of his Majesty, with its habitual frankness, caused the extreme difficulty of the situation to be known. To this end, in the memorandum of the 1st of Manila last, addressed to the British Government, and afterwards published by the press, I endeavoured to explain the results of the Austrian rule in Italy, results without parallel in modern history. I demonstrated that the universal hatred and antipathy against the Austrian Government proceeded in the first place from the system of government inflicted on the Lombards and Venetians, and especially from the sentiment of nationality intensified by foreign domination. The progress of intelligence and the diffusion of instruction, which Austria could not entirely prevent, had rendered these peoples still more sensible of their sad fate, that of being governed, domi- nated over by a nation with which they have no community of race, man- ners, or language. The Austrians, after half a century of domination, were not even yet established in these provinces ; they were encamped in them. This state of things did not take place like a transitory fact, the end of which, more or less distant, might -be foreseen ; it became more and more grievous every day, and grew worse and worse. We used to say that a con- dition of this kind was not contrary to treaties, but that it was contrary to the great principles of equity and justice, upon which social order is based. If Austria cannot be induced to modify the existing treaties, we used to add, a definite and practicable solution will not be arrived at, so that palliatives more or less efficacious must be put up with. Nevertheless, in the hope of rendering the lot of the Lombardo-Venetians more tolerable, and of miti- gating for the moment so grave a situation, we lost no time, upon having the request made to us, in indicating the expedients that appeared to us the most proper for obtaining the result desired.

"Austria unfortunately showed herself more than ever opposed to all conciliation ; she was resolved on maintaining by force the illegal prepon- derance she had gained by treaties over states acknowledged to be independ- ent. She redoubled her threats, and hurried on the formidable military preparations directed against Piedmont, who was the sole barrier opposed to her exclusive domination in Italy. The small states that had united their destiny with that of Austria, and had for the same reason incurred the cen- sure of their subjects, could no longer exhibit any solicitude for their peoples. Serious and inevitable complications appeared imminent. The repose of Europe was thus endangered. Then it was that the proposition of a Con- gress was made by Russia, and was accepted by the great Powers and also by Piedmont. The basis of the Congress was the maintenance of the terri- torial status quo ; that is to say, of the treaties that secured to Austria her possessions in Italy.

"The world knows what happened : Austria, who saw disputed, not her legal rights, expressly reserved to her, but the usurpations she had effected despite European stipulations—Austria all at once threw off the mask. Not- withstanding the formal engagements entered into with England not to at- tack Piedmont, she launched her army against his Majesty's dominions, and her .generals openly declared that the Emperor would come and treat at Turin. The facts, indeed, have not responded to the magniloquence of the staff officers, and the Austrian armies have been obliged to confine their ex- ploits to spoliations and unexampled acts of cruelty towards the inoffensive inhabitants. The enemy has been driven back from the Piedmontese terri- tory, and the victories of Palestro and Magenta have opened Lombardy to us. It was then that events confirmed our judgment concerning the moral condition of the Lombardo-Venetian provinces and the little states that had made common cause with Austria. The feelings of the inhabitants have broken out ; the municipal authorities, the very same that had been insti- tuted by Austria, have proclaimed the fall of the ancient Government, have renewed the union of 1848 and unanimously confirmed their annexation to Piedmont. The municipality of Milan proclaimed it even within range of Austrian cannon. The g, by acceptang. this spontaneous act of the na- tional will, infringes the existing treaties in no respect, since Austria, by refusing to accept a Congress having for its basis the maintenance of these treaties, and by invading the dominions of his Majesty, has torn up, in so far as concerns herself, the transactions of 1814 and 1815. The Italian pro- vinces forcibly subjected by the fortune of war to her sway have recovered their natural rights ; being made free twice in the course of eleven years their will has been manifested without obstacle or pressure. In 1848, as in. 1869, these countries spontaneously adhered to Piedmont, jusKas brothers do when they meet after a long and afflicting separation. " The object of the present war, his Majesty openly avows it, is Italian independence and the exclusion of Austria from the peninsula. This came is too noble for us to dissemble its full bearing, too sacred that it should not obtain in advance the sympathy of civilized Europe. We even ought to acknowledge that this sympathy has never failed us, for the policy of the King's Government has always been the same, and has met with the ap- probation not only of public opinion but of the Cabinets. Europe, by the voice of its most eminent statesmen, has testified the interest she has taken in the fate of unhappy Italy. Only within a recent period a few doubts and some distrust, more or less disguised, have seemed to rise up. The generous intervention of the Emperor Napoleon in favour of an ally unjustly attacked, and of an oppressed nation, has been misunderstood to a certain extent. Parties have wished to assign ambitious views and plans of ag- grandizement where there was but a noble devotednese to the cause of jus- tice and good right, and the imperious duty of upholding the dignity and interests of France. The explicit declarations of the Emperor Napoleon at the moment of drawing his sword, have already considerably. calmed those apprehensions. The proclamation of Milan, so clear, precise, and dignified, must have dissipated all the doubts that may have still existed in the minds of the prejudiced. "We feel the most absolute confidence that the equilibrium of Europe will not be disturbed by the territorial extension of a great power, and that in Italy there will be a strongly constituted kingdom, such as is naturally indicated by its geographical configuration, the unity of race, language, and customs, such as diplomacy had already desired to create at other times in the common interest of Italy and Europe. With the rule of Austria, and of the states that joined their destinies to those of Austria, a permanent cause of disturbances will disappear, order will be guaranteed, the smoul- dering flame of revolutions will be extinguished, Europe will be able to give herself up in full security to those great enterprises of peace that form the glory of the age. "You now have, Monsieur le Ministre, the point of view under whieh you are to present the events now passing in Italy. The contest provoked by Austria ought to have for its result her exclusion from a country which force alone had subjected to an odious and intolerable yoke. Our cause, I rejoice to repeat in ending this despatch, is noble and just ; we can, we are bound to avow it openly, and we have full confidence in the triumph of good right."

The Neapolitan Government has permitted 137 refugees to return tO Naples and Sicily.

Count Salmour' the Minister, sent to Naples by the King of Sardinia to restore diplomatic relations between the two courts, has been decorated by the King of the Two Sicilies with the order of St. Januariuis, the most distinguished honour in his gift. The investiture took place on the 19th, at the residence of the Count. A few weeks ago the Neapolitan Consul-General at Leghorn, having refused to acknowledge the acts of the Tuscan Government, was sus- pended from the exercise of his functions. This gentleman having since come to a better mind, he has been reinstated.

A correspondent of the Daily News, says that Count Salmour has adopted a moderate tone. "'We do not want the Government to send out troops if it will do so, well and good, but we do not want them. What we desire is that this country shall declare itself to be Italian, and that it shall give some indication of sympathy with those who are fighting for the liberties of Italy. We offer the right hand of friendship to Naples, and we desire to establish the dynasty and see the country strong and in- dependent.' Such is the feeling and such the language of the Minister who now represents Piedmont as special Minister at this court."

Count Kisseleff, Minister of the Emperor of Russia, had an audience of the Ring on Saturday, to present the congratulations of the Emperor on his Majesty's accession to the throne.

A protest against neutrality has been widely circulated in Naples. It appeals from an Austrian Court to the French Emperor and Sardinian King.

Perugia has been stormed by the foreign regiments in the service of the Pope, because it proclaimed its independence, established a pro- visional government, and appealed to Victor Emmanuel. The Pope's soldiers committed great outrages, and spared neither age nor sex in the revolted town. The Pays says the Papal authority has been reestablish- ed everywhere, with the exception of the delegations of Bologna, Fer- rara, Ravenna, and Fedi.

Mr. Scarlett reported home that the Marquis Ridolfi had expressed to him the belief that "the majority of the Tuscans were attached to the Grand Ducal family, and would gladly see it restored." The Marquis has stated through the Tuscan Monitor that the statement is an error. He simply told Mr. Scarlett "that to the causes which render a restoration of the dynasty of Lorraine in Tuscany impossible there must also be added its having taken refuge in Austria, and remained there permanently." At Leghorn the works on the fortifications of the harbour are begun. The object is to prolong the fosse of Port Murata so as to isolate the fortress.

The Leo della Borsa says that the Jesuit fathers have abandoned Milan with all their materials of war to wit, books, clothes of every kind, bulls, &c. Seals have been placed upon the doors, and their house is guarded by royal Carabineers.

The Corriere hfereantile says that subscriptions are made in Lom- bardy for the relief of those families in Piedmont who were victims of the depredations of the Austrians during the past invasion.

Rome affords fresh proofs of her retrograde obstinacy and ill concealed tenderness for Austria in spite of the victories of Napoleon and the Sar- dinian King. The Opinions announces the nomination of the Arch- bishop of Milan, and the Bishops of Creme and Pavia by the Pope, these persons having been proposed by the Austrians and consequently hold- ing Austrian principles. The importance of the act is greater than may at first sight appear, as it must be taken as a hostile manifestation, and even an insult against Piedmont and France. It is probable, moreover, that serious questions will arise in reference to what the Corriere Mer- cantile observes respecting the exequatur of the King, who can by law, accept or reject the newly-elected dignitaries. From the last number of the Opinione we, however' learn that the nominees, as it is believed, wiser than the Pope, have themselves cut the Gordian knot by declining the Papal nomination.

The Gazzetta di Milano states that the political prisoners, one hundred and seven in number, conducted by the Austrians from Milan to Verona, are in good health, and are not treated amiss, but, on the contrary, with some consideration. This may be taken as a proof, either that the mis- fortunes of the Austrians have somewhat mitigated their ferocity, or that they fear lest reprisals should be made upon their countrymen taken prisoners by Piedmont. The King promised a deputation, however, to do his utmost to secure their speedy liberation. A correspondent, writing from the Romagna to the Gazzetta Piemontese, observes, that the national movement was peacefully proceeding in the Romagna without any confusion, but that after the events of Perugia great commotions might be expected throughout the state, the utmost indignation having been excited, though the leaders are keeping quiet the populace from prudence.

errmanii.—The telegraph furnishes some interesting statements. From Vienna, we hear it reported that "the Emperer of Austria will shortly have an interview with the Prince Regent of Prussia." This is followed by the statement that "two decrees favourable to Protestants and Jews are expected."

According to advices from Frankfort-on-the-Main, dated Saturday the 25th, Prussia has made the proposal to the Federal Diet to place a corps of observation on the Rhine' to be composed of the 7th and 8th Federal corps d'armee, and under the superior orders of Bavaria. It is said that this proposal has been referred to the Military Committee. A dozen noblemen of Venice have been carried off to Vienna, to be sent to the fortresses of Bohemia. They were mostly young men, and the procession of these victims through the streets is said to have been piteous to behold. Desertion prevails in the Italian regiments at Vienna. Drum-head law has been proclaimed, and four deserters were shot last week.

Baron von Beust, Minister of Foreign Affairs in Saxony, has written an answer to the circular of Prince Gortschakoff. It is ironically sub- missive in its tone, and strong in its argument. The Court of Saxony does not share the severe judgment which the Court of Russia has passed upon the Government of Austria, but it does justice to the efforts of Russia to obtain a Congress.

"Moreover, we cannot forget that the Austrian Government., having done nothing that could give offence to its neighbours or any Power in

Europe whatever, was first of all disturbed and then threatened in the peaceful exercise of its rights of sovereignty. It is still difficult for us not to be convinced, that if such enterprises, instead of finding sympathy, had met with the unequivocal censure of Europe, humanity might in all proba- bility have been spared the scourge of war, before even the question of a Congress had been mooted." Baron von Beust admits that the Confederation has a special defensive character, but it is not a combination exclusively defensive.

"It is not the first time that the Frankfort Diet has been called upon to discuss the measure of Germany's federal obligations towards the two great

Powers forming part of the Confederation. It is not inexpedient to instance precedents of rather recent date; they will prove in what manner its defen- sive character has been hitherto understood by it, without giving rise to any

objection on the part of the great Powers that signed the treaties on the

basis of which Germany entered into European public right. A few years ago, Russia, in consequence of a difference with the Ottoman empire, caused her troops to occupy the Danubian Principalities. The intervention of the great Powers, with a view to effect a good understanding, remained ineffi- cacious by reason of the refusal of the Ottoman Porte to accept purely and simply the abitrament of the Vienna Conference, and then it was Turkey who declared war against Russia. She had for her allies England and France. At that period, the Germanic Confederation, on the proposal of Austria and Prussia, adopted a resolution to the effect that any aggressive act against the non-German possessions of Austria and Prussia should be considered as equivalent to an attack upon the Federal territory ; and some months later, the Austrian troops having occupied the Danubian Principali- ties, the Confederation extended the said resolution in this sense—that any attack upon this armed force, at that time stationed not merely beyond the Federal territory but even beyond the Austrian territory, should be consi- dered as an aggression on the Confederation. I am not aware whether those decisions elicited protests or merely remonstrances, whether at Paris, or London, or St. Petersburg, or if at all; and yet the Impe-

rial Goveniment of Russia would certainly have found cause to oppose them, had the attitude of the Confederation been contrary to the treaties." The difference between that period and this is that then an aggression from

the East was contemplated, and now an aggression from the West. Then neither Austria nor Prussia was threatened; now Austrian territory is in- vaded. "Lastly, can there be an intention to object to us at St. Peters-

burg that at that period Germany had more to fear from Russia than she

now has from France ? Prince Gortschakoff's despatch reminds us that the French Government has solemnly proclaimed that it has no intention hos- tile to Germany. It informs us at the same time that this declaration has been received with eager assent by the majority of the Great Powers. We equally remember a manifesto proclaiming the intention of delivering Italy from the Alps to the Adriatic. Can this declaration have also obtained the eager assent of the Great Powers?"

$ witIrrlanit.—A telegram from Berne states that "on receipt of the news of the massacre at Pcnigia the Swiss residents at Milan were ill- treated by the populace, but the police interfered. The Federal Council has addressed circulars to the Swiss Consular agents in Italy, in which the Council protests against denominating regiments composed of foreign- ers as Swiss regiments, and requests that use may be made of the circu- lars in order that this subject may be put in its proper light before the eyes of the public." _Berne, June 30.—" The Federal Council, in concert with the belligerent Powers, has decided that any corps d'armee, or soldiers taking refuge on Swiss territory, should be sent back to the side to which they may belong, the different Governments undertaking not to employ them again in the present war. Arms and ammunition are to be given up at the end of the war, and the coat of keeping them to be repaid to the Swiss Government. In consequence of this convention, the garrison of Laveno and the soldiers of General Garibaldi's corps d'armee will be returned. The steamers on the Lego Maggiore which have been captured are to be given up for mer-

cantile service, upon condition that they are not to be used again for the war."

rknt.—Advices have been received from Constantinople to the 22d instant. The news of the battle of Magenta has produced a deep im- pression. The Divan has simply acquiesced in the Paris protocols con- cerning the Principalities, and granted also the berat of investiture.

$ ft tt 131113i ugg.—The Government has called in all the paper money, the only currency of the place, and has fixed upon it an arbitrary value. The foreign consuls endeavoured to dissuade the Government from taking this arbitrary course ; being disregarded, they protested ; and being told they had nothing to do with it, although the bulk of the paper is held by foreigners, the Consuls suspended diplomatic intercourse with the Go- vernment. The Consuls of England, France, and Spain, have quitted the island.