ffortign anb

Fusel e, first military spectacle in honour of the President of the

Republic enalerphice on. Sunday, with a grand review of the garrison of Paris andethe.,National Guards of the department of the Seine, in the Champs Elysee. The review was imposing; but Louis Napoleon seems to have been the slamatexelasive point "of Parisian attention and admiration. The rappel beat at seven in the morning, and the Guards mustered promptly. The PreskIenb lefethe Palace de l'Elysee National at ten, attended by a -numerous and brilliane_ettiffe, Gteneral Lamoriciere was conspicuous among the latter,. A specuil foosipcinden,,of the Times describes the scene en- thtesiketieall "Lonis Nittroleon***uniform of a General of the National Guard, with tIffieordon and Stat. brthe 'Legion of Honour. A long white plume floated from his-hat; which, hoivegeie be almost constantly held in his band, as he returned the salutations fromethe armed force, as well as from the people. He looked well, notwithstanding themaidness of the morning. He rode at a slow pace along the line, appeared, te, sit. his :Horse well, and returned with grace and much dignity the aneltungtions with 3,hielt,litia presence was greeted. He proceeded from the Place deleterequioede ,qlowly and steadily towards the Madeleine, preceded by a detachMegeefe‘mmented National Guards. He then turned to the right and woutekre.ehettemeeneeenec along the Boulevard, entered the Rue de la Pais, and proCeeiled-to the Place Vendome; where the Fourth Legion was drawn lip in a double line parallel to the Place, ready to receive him. * * * Tliteatclatititionskeitietigetetedltis presence on the -Place de la Concorde, the Rae de la:Revdutio.se (aide/ma-Rue Royale,) and the Boulevard, were certainly such as meet have been gratifying in the extreme to him and his friends; but they were little in comparinonwith the burst of enthusiasm which hailed his appear- ance on the spot fronewhieb, at the summit of the beautiful column, the Emperor Napoleon overlooks the vast extent of Paris. The cries of 'Vive Napoleon!' Viva Louis Napoleon l' were deafening; but when, at the moment be came in front of the statue and stopped—it was but for a second or two—reined up his horse for an instant, and gently and moat gracefully inclined his head before the hero, _not a man, woman, or child of the vast crowd that thronged the place, but joined in that immense silent of Vive Napoleon !' The feeling was absolutely contagious, and you Might have seen the tears start from the eyes of old and rugged-looking men. As for the gentler sex—extreme in love as in hatred—were their votes alone to settle the matter, it is doubtful what height of dignity or power the ad- mired of the land might not aspire to. Dieu! quel beau garcon ! remarked a most eloquent and not uninteresting-looking young lady, who was leaning on the arm of a cavalier who might be her husband, but who looked old enough to be her fethare' Qua ,front; %mile grecs! Lea imbeciles out dit qu'il est imbecile, celui-la; maid Al eat imbecile il a line figure bien spirituelle. Le pauvre I an moms, fl n'a jamais conspire contre la France, ni aucun de as famille. Regardez ce pauvre Jerome-4aris quelle misere it a vecn; et avec tout cela, a-t it jamais, jamais conspire? Non! Les Bonapartes sent nons—ils sent nous—Hs sent Francais de cmur et de corps. Bien, tres Bien; voila, voila, qu'il mine son uncle. Qu'il est gricietur, gull est gentil !—maid pa me fait plenrer de joie. Vive Napo- leon! rive Louis Napoleon!' then cried one of the sweetest voices that ever spoke music to the ear. The enthusiasm of the young lady was communicated to all around who heard her; and never yet were so many gracious gifts attributed to a human being as there were to the President at that moment."

The President proceeded to the Gardens of the Tuileries, thence to the Chatiaps Elysee, and returned to the Place de la Concorde by about one o'clock: there the entire force of regular troops, National Guards, and Garde Mobile, filed slowly before him.

A picturesque incident occurred- " A little before he appeared on the Place de la Concorde, a Black man, of very high stature, apparently about seventy years of age, and wearing the fall uniform of the old Imperial Guard, appeared amongst the crowd in the Rue de la Revolution. He was greeted with cheers on all sides, and a passage was made for him with as much respect as if he were a Marshal of France. I found, on inquiry, that he was an old trumpeter of the Guard, who had that day donned the uniform still dear to the memory of all Frenchmen, to do honour to the memory of his Emperor by showing respect to the nephew." It is computed that some 115,000 men under arms were reviewed. The day was bitterly cold, and snow fell during a good part of the morning. The Bonaparte family witnessed the review from the windows of the residence of the Minister of the Marine, on the Place de la Concorde. The Ex-King of Westphalia, Jerome Bonaparte, was dressed in the uniform of Lieutenant-General which he wore at the battle of Waterloo. M. Napoleon Bonaparte, the son of Jerome, recently appointed Ambassador in London, attended the review as a common soldier in the First Legion of the Na- tional Guard of Paris. His comrades, on discovering who he was placed him close to the standard. hi. de Tracy, the Colonel of the First Legion, having been appointed Minister of the Marine, the command was taken by Lieutenant-CeIgel Claq, who is re nearjelative of Prince Louis

Napoleon. • . 2..

'see w sum

-4Ah ,it -de wo ,am I; 01 -Atm

-11 It appears by the official returns that Louis-Napoleon had a majority of votes in eighty-four out of eighty-six departments. He had more than 100,000 votes in each of the departments of the Seine, the Charente Infe- rieure, the Somme, the Yonne, the Nord, the Gironde, the Seine et Manx, and the Pas de Calais. General Cavaignac had the majority in the Finis- terre and the Morbihan. The departments which gave him the next most votes were the Seine, the Nord, the Pas de Calais, the Ille et Vilaine, the Costes du Nord, the Loire Inferieure, and the Manche. He obtained more than 10,000 votes in the departments of the Seine, the Bouches du Rhone, the Lot at Garonne, the Haute Garonne, the Soane et Loire, the Nord, the Gard, and the Cote d'Or. M. Respell had, more than 14000-votes in the departments of the Seine, the Haute Loire, and the Varlets*, M. de La- martine obtained more than 2,000 votes in the deparementerof the Seine and the Soane et Loire: he did not receive even 1,0013 votediii any of the others.

The Moniteur of Saturday published the following report by the new Cabinet to the President of the Republic. "M. le President—The Cabinet you have honoured with your confidence sub mite to you a measure which it regards as the expression of the universal senti- ment of France.

"If our country has traversed with so much calmness and dignity the greatest and most difficult trial a free nation can undergo, it must, no doubt, be attributed to the progress of our political education; but we should also ascribe the honour of it to the beneficial influence of that name which has left in the heart of our fellow citizens so dear and so glorious a recollection. " That fusion in one common sentiment of former parties, and that reconcilia- tion of opinions lately hostile, is a noble homage rendered to the memory of the Emperor Napoleon. That great man has thus had it in his power to render, even after his death, that service to his country. " Could we forget at such a moment that the last brother of Napoleon, General Jerome Bonaparte, is living amongst us, henceforth a stranger to human agitation? "General Jerome Bonaparte, (ex-King of Westphalia,) invested in 1806 with the command of a corps of army, has since participated in all our glorious achieve- ments. He guided, after the cruel day of Waterloo, the heroical remains of our army. He was the last to despair of the salvation of France.

"If the French people were consulted in their comitiae, we are certain that they would proclaim with an unanimous voice that the place of the brother of. Napo- leon ought to be near the sacred depot of the ashes of his brother, and at the head of that noble veteran phalanx in which the successive generations of our

brave soldiers find a last refuge. -

We are, M. he President, the mere interpreters of public opinionefileen we submit to your sanction the following project of decree.

"In the name of the Council of Ministers, °LIMON Be.knox."

A decree then appoints " the General of Division Jerome Bonaparte " to be Governor of the Hotel of the Lavalides, in place of Marshal Molitor; who succeeds General Subervie as Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honour. The decree is "approved in Council," under the signature of "le President de la Republique, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte."

General Oudinot announced the appointment of Marshal Bugeaud to the command of the Army of the Alps, and took leave of "the great family to which he was so profoundly devoted" with a complimentary and regret- ful order of the day. On assuming the command, General Bugeaud issued an order containing these passages—

"The President of the Republic could not better honour my long career than by placing me at your head. It is giving me the assurance that I can render new and great services to Frame, if circumstances should arise to need your valour and devotion. Six years of war in Africa have shown me that our young armies have not degenerated, and that they could imitate the armies of the Republic and the Empire. You are too good citizens to desire war, but you would all do your duty if it should arise. You will be, meanwhile, the firm defenders of the late You will all understand that order is the surest guarantee of true liberty and public prosperity; that order is much more necessary to the mass of operatives than to those who by labour have attained competence. Nothing is so popular as order. You are, we all are, children of the people; we shall know, then, how to guarantee this inappreciable benefit,- without which none of our newly-acquired liberties can be enjoyed." [The Marshal is ailing at present, but he will be with the army as soon as his strength is recruited] "Until then," he says, "I rely with entire confidence in your good dispositions and the habits of discipline that are traditional amongst you. They have been carefully maintained in your ranks by the honourable and able General whom I succeed in the command of the Army of the Alps, and from whom I am sure you must separate with regret." A general revision of the Prefectures of Departmeuts is the first object to which the new Cabinet has directed its attention. Most of these func- tionaries were selected by M. Ledru-Rollin between February and May: it is understood that they will be all, or nearly all, superseded and re-

placed by pekoe?, tkeldos opuilctivgForein accerdancet with the present

• eee‘ eee-ck,

Cebinetee ,taemeeturrie Jas.-said sal due DeSaiis..21A1 lo Vil/gee ads ao1 efteee-

While the troops were filing off, a kite in the form of an eagle was thrown up near the group in which: the. President was standing. The author of this demonstration, which might have caused a disturbance, was a domestic named Pied. Proceedings have been instituted against him-

The President, pressing the hand of General Petit as the latter was filing off at the head of the Invalided, said—" The Emperor embraced you at his last review, and I am happy to press you by the hand at my first!" [It was General Petit who received the final adieux ofjklempkion at Fon tainebleau.]

Messieurs Ducos, Richard, and Arnaud del'Axiege, the Secretaries of the Committee appointed to examine the votes for elet election of the President, have addressed the following statement to theifoniteur-

a Numerous errors have found their way into the publication of the report of the Committee of the thirty members of the National Assembly charg-W with examining the returns for the election of the President of the Republic. As Secretaries of that Committee, we communicate to you the definitive and official results of the election which tookplace on 10th December 1848."

Number of voters in the Eighty-six Departments, not including Algeria, the returns of which have not yet .1 ,

ar

Number of suffrages really expressed The majority of the suffrages expressed

.■0.1"

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte obtained,rr,Afdprc

• • 7,449,471 7,426,252 3,713,127 5,534,520 General Eugene Cavaignac ' 1,448,302 Ledru-Rollin

371,431 Respell

36,964

Lamartine

17,914 General Changarnier

4,687 Sundry votes

12,434 Number equal to the suffrages expressed

7,426,252 Blank or unconstitutional tickets ea1

23,219 Number equal to that of the voters .....

7,449,471 Innumerable lettersarrive by every mail at the Ministry ofthe Interior, from the Prefects and Sub-Prefects of the Departments, expressing in the warmest language their adhesion to the choice of the people. The Le- gitimist party have come forward very promptly to offer their adhesion to the new President. Among the Legitimists who have been foremost in their adhesion to the new Government, is the Marquis de Larochejaquelin.

M. Marie, ex-Minister of Justice and one of the members of the Pro- visional Government and Executive Commission, appeared in the Palm, de Justice on Saturday, having resumed his profession of advocate. ribs In the National Assembly, on Tuesday evening, M. Odilon Barrot, Pre- sident of the Council, read from the tribune the expected programme oft llinisterial policy, as follows-

" Citizen Representatives—You heard a few days since the speech of the Presi- dent of the Republic. The ideas contained in that nianifekto are also ours. We take the same engagement before the National Asseiliblf and before France. You will not expect from us an exposé of the situatibir Of the Republic; an ex- pose which must necessarily _be incomplete, from the'short time that has elapsed since we came into offie0i Olyhat we owe you is an explanation as to the principles which have presided Over the formation of the Cabinet, and as to the line of con- duct which It proposes to follow. As you are well aware, our political origins are various. At the present time, Ministries can no longer grow out solely from the struggle of opinions or from the exclusive triumph of a party. The election of December the 10th has just manifested in society an accord, a spirit of union, to which the Government must respond. When all men who love their country unite in such a sentiment, there would be neither patriotism nor wisdom in a Government that should resist such a great and salutary impulse. The state of things which we now point out rules our policy. What the country wishes for is order, moral and material order; order in the streets, in the workshops, in the administration, and in the public mind. The Republican Government will not be definitively strengthened until the day when revolutionary agitations shall be put an end to. In energetically constituting the public force, the Government wished to put material order oat of danger. We considered that energy is such a case was foresight; we wished to discourage even an idea of disorder. We propose to our- selves to spare the country those terrible necessities of repression before which, when the moment arrives, the Government cannot draw back, but which are al- ways a painful sacrifice for humanity and for the country. After the agitations which we have just gone through, and which have shaken society to its founda- tion, security is the paramount wish of all. It is necessary that calm should be restored to the public mind, that society should have confidence in the future, and that every one should think of the morrow. This confidence will increase labour, and with labour the real sources of riches will be reopened. Favourable symptoms assure us that our previsions on this subject are already more than vain hopes, and begin to be realized. Agriculture, industry, and commerce have severely suffered, and the fortune of the State has not received less serious attacks. In this universal crisis, the collective power, which alone remained standing, was compelled to come to the assistance of individual misfortune, and supply the va- cancy left by want of labour. The force of circumstances has perhaps carried the State out of its natural part; and in all cases that intervention has already ha- posed the heaviest burdens on the Treasury. The public finances are at this time deeply engaged. The National Assembly has comprehended that it was time to return into the paths of enlightened foresight and strict economy. The Cabinet devotes itself to that great and difficult task, without exaggerated fears and with- out dangerous illusions. Assuredly we do not think that the hand of the State can be withdrawn from every point to which it has held out its assistance; but we believe that it must only undertake in proportion to its strength—that-it must not do everything, and, for a stronger reason, not all at the same time. We call to our aid the spirit of association and individual strength. We think that the impulse of the State should, wherever it is possible, be substituted for direct exe- cution by the State. Our society has contracted the deplorable habit of relying on the Government for the cures which, in other nations, proceed from individual activity. Hence that seeking after places and grants which corrupted and event- ually rained the Monarchy; and from which it is necessary to preserve the Go- verntnent of the Republic, by simplifying the machinery of the administration, and by substituting rules for arbitrary acts in the disposal of places. We shall not forget, Citizen Representatives, that, to give precepts with any degree of authority, the Government must before all set good examples. As to the relations of France with Foreign Powers, we have no necessity to inform the Assembly what are its present complications. We find negotiations opened on all points. That state of things imposes on us a reserve which the Assembly will comprehend; for we are fully decided not to pro- mise that which we believe we are not sure to be able to realize, and not lightly or rashly to engage the word of France. We shall seek, wherever they are pos- sible, to obtain pacific solutions, because they are for the interest of France as well as for that of Europe; there is no necessity for us to say that the national honour will hold the first place in the attention of the Government. Citizen Representa- tives, we propose to ourselves above all to raise up and consolidate authority in France. But let it be well known that we do not intend to make the necessity of order an absolute obstacle against the tendencies of modern society. Order is not for us the end—it is only the means. We see in it the essential condition of all liberty and of all progress. The complete reestablishment of security can, we are deeply convinced, alone permit the Republic to give the rein to grand conceptions, to generous ideas, to the development of general prosperity and of political man- ners. We do not wish to fail in any one of these interests. The election of De- cember the 10th has placed immense strength in the hands of the Government. Our task, Citizen Representatives, is to prevent that strength from proving abor- tive, or from being led astray; and to accomplish it we rely on your patriotic co- Operation."

M. Ledru-Rollin put some interpellations to the Government with re- spect to the military powers conferred upon General Changarnier, Com- mander-in-chief of the National Guard of Paris and of the First Military Division. General Changarnier had been invested, M. Ledru-Rollin said, With power contrary to the constitution, and to the law of 1832: he was irresponsible, and could become dangerous to the liberties of the country.

The President of the Council replied- " I shall never blame any scruple that may be felt concerning any matter which may appear to weaken the constitution. When the debate is brought on that ground, I shall accept it not only with the utmost readiness, but with a re- ligions respect. We are accused of violating the first principle which ought to direct every Ministry—namely, that of our responsibility. We reply, that the responsibility of the Government is complete. (Denial on the Left.) Yes, com- plete. (" No, no !") The responsibility of the whole Government, I say, is complete, and that of the Minister of War in particular." (Renewed cries of .Vo no!" from the extreme Left) The President—" If the Assembly will thus interrupt, all discussion is impos- sible."

The President of the Council—" We are obliged to look narrowly to the security of Paris; and we are convinced that this important object cannot be fully attained unless full power over the troops, over all the forces in the capital, be placed in one hand. (Renewed interruption.) I say that, outside that view of the question, the appointment of the officer in command is merely a matter of:appreciation. (Repeated marks of dissatisfaction on the Left.) We are quite prepared to answer for the security of the capital with the present arrangement, and therefore

it is that we have decided on it The Minister of War has not glean up his au. thority or his responsibility to any one whatever. He had a right to give the command to General Changarnier, as a matter of provident care. (" No, no!"

" Yes, yea!") We are not in ordinary times: we cannot forget the dreadful scenes which took places few months back; and we feel it our duty to take care to pre- vent their again occurring." (Cheers.) Unless security were restored, con- fidence would never return. The army which attacked society was not yet fully dissolved, and' a slight neglect might encourage it to another aggression; and the Republic might not be able to support a repetition of the violent shocks witnessed in June. " The arrangement is only temporary. Wait till security be establish- ed fully, and then you mayproclaiWthe Republic to be imperishable, and the happiness of the country safe.".. VI:10r, hear!")

M. J..eoR de Maleville, the Minister of the Interior, commented with sa- tirical humour on M. Leldru-Rollin's new-born anxiety in favour of the legal.

Several motions to resume the order of the day, some conditionally, others simply, were banded to the President of the Assembly. One of the latter was read, and wss adopted without division.

On Wednesday, M. Prissy made his first speech as Republican Minister of Finance, in the discussion on the Salt-duty Bill: he demanded the main- tenance of the present duties until the 1st of January 1850—for six months longer than was recommended by the Committee; and in support of his de- mand made some general financial statements to the Assembly.

He did not for a moment contest the oppressiveness of the duty; but the state of the finances would not permit them to give op the 23 millions which the duty furnishes. He would state ' the situation" with the'etanost plainness. His pre

decessor had informed them that the whole deficieniy in the Treasury at the end of 1849 would be 460 millions. Now, 38 millions must be restored to the savings-banks on the 1st January 1850. The deficiency of the year 1849, after

the final settlement of the budget, was put at 91 millions; but facts already known would swell that sum to 166 millions; and M. Passy recapitulated evi-

dences to show that his predecessor had in like manner underrated unforeseen expenses and overrated augmentations of revenues. On the whole, he estimates the deficiency at 100,000,000 francs beyond his predecessor's total of 460,000,000 francs. M. Passy would absolutely set his face against any Other new imposts at present: it was no time for experiments in new taxes; but that determination on the part of the Government rendered it the more resolved to maintain those in existence. (If. Passy concluded amidst applause, and many Deputies hastened to salute him as he resumed his seat) The Moniteur publishes a decree, signed by the President of the Re- public, reestablishing the five Professorships of the College of France, suppressed on the 7th of April by the Provisional Government. M. Michel Chevalier is replaced in the chair of Political Economy.

ITALY.—The Genoa Goalie of the 18th instant states, that Domenico Buffs, the Minister of Commerce, had arrived at Genoa as Royal Com- missioner, and had issued a proclamation headed " Viva In Costituente Italians!" in which he announced that the Ministry lied resolved to adopt the " Costituente"; and had appointed Commissioners to go and con- cert with the Roman and Tuscan Governments for carrying it into effect. In the Turin Chamber of Deputies, on the 19th, Pinelli interrogated the Ministry as to the proclamation of the Costituente at Genoa. The Minis- try replied, that fit was the desire and hope of all the Italian people; and that the Ministry had already opened negotiations, with the Governments .6f_Roine and Tuscany to realize it in the manner the most conciliatory to different opinions.

Ausvaaa.—The Hungarian campaign has commenced. The main army of invasion marches Eastward from Austria in three divisions: the first is under Field-Marshal Jellachich; the second is under Wibna; the third (which is to act as a corps de reserve) is under Serbelloni: Windisch- grata himself retains the general command. The frontier has already been crossed on the South by Jellachich,—who has taken Edenberg and,Wiesel- burg, and has pushed forwards in the direction of Raab; on the East, (the Hungarian West,) by Wibna and by General Simmonich,—the latter of whom has gained a battle under the walls of Tyrnan and entered that town; on the North-west, by General Frischiesen,—who has forced the Jablonka pass, and driven the Hungarians from the upper valley of the Wang. The,Gallioian frontier has also been crossed by General Schlick,— who has taken the town of Eperies, and descended as far as Ksechau. A fourth corps, under Dahlen, moves on the South frontier, from the Illyrian provinces; and a fifth corps, under Puchner, cooperates on the opposite Eastern frontier of Hungary, from the marshes of Transylvania. The whole force converging upon Buda is upwards of 100,000 men, with 300- pieces of artillery.

CAPE OF GOOD HoPE.—Cape Town papers to the 29th October have arrived. Sir Harry Smith had reached Cape Town on the 21st; his jour- ney from the North having been a continuous procession of triumph and congratulation. It is estimated that the expenses of putting down the late disturbances would not exceed 20,0001.

Advices received in the colony state that Earl Grey had for the present stopped emigration to the colony at the expense of the Colonial Treasury; being of opinion, that "the Legislative Council of a colony drawing so tremendously for its defences upon the Imperial Treasury shmild have pro- vided for more legitimate claims upon its revenue before voting 10,0001. a year for the importation of labourers."

THE UNITED STATE8.—The Britannia mail-steamer arrived at Liver- pool on Thursday, with the New York and Halifax mails of the 13th and 15th December. The political news is scanty and uninteresting, although Congress had been sitting for a week.

The annual reports made to the Government by the several Offioers of State are published: they are of commensurate length with the President's message, but of less interest. The most interesting is that of Colonel Ma.. son, the military commandant of California, on the subject of the gold re- gion lately discovered. For all its sober matter-of-fact style, this document exceeds in its wonderful statements the stories already prevalent and deemed romantic. These are some of the "simple facts and occurrences" which the Colonel learnt on the evidence of his own eyes— The small willies that ran down into the stream called Weber's Creek " are exceedingly rich, and two ounces were considered an ordinary yield for a day's work. A small gutter, not more than 100 yards long by four feet wide and two or three feet deep, was pointed lout to me as the one where two men—William Daly and Rowy lirCoon—had, a short time before, obtained 17,000 dollars worth of gold. Captain Weber informed me that he knew that these two men had em- ployed four White men and about 100 Indians, and that at the end of one week's work they paid off their party and had left 10,000 dollars worth of gold. Another small ravine was shown me from which had been taken upwards of 12,000 dollars worth of gold. Hundreds of similar ravines, to all appearance, are as yet un- touched."

" Mr. Sinclair, whose rancho is three miles above Sutter's, on the North side of the American, employs about fifty Indians on the North fork, not far from its junction with the main stream. He had been engaged about five weeks when I saw him, and up to that time his Indians had used simply closely-woven willow baskets. His nett proceeds (which I saw) were about 16,000 dollars worth of gold. He showed me the proceeds of his last week's work—fourteen pounds avoir- dupois of clean washed gold."

This incident occurred in the Colonel's presence at Weber's store,—a mere ar- bour of bushes, under which were exposed for sale goods and groceries suited to customers. "A man came in, picked up a box of Saidlitz_powders, and asked its price: Captain Weber told him it was not for sale. The man offered an ounce of gold; but Captain Weber told him it only cost fifty cents, and he did not wish to sell it, The man then offered an ounce and a half; when Captain Weber had to take it. The prices of all things are high; and yet Indians, who hardly knew before what a breech-cloth was, can now afford to buy the most gaudy dresses."

' Colonel Mason considers, though thousands of ounces have been removed, that no serious impression has been made: "he has no hesitation now in saying, that there is more gold in the country drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers than will pay the cost of the present war with Mexico a hundred times over."

The whole gold district is on the territory of the United States. Colonel Ma- son has resolved to permit all to work freely, and not to interfere except in case of broils and disturbances; and he is surprised at the peaceful and quiet state of things. He recommends the State to take possession, appoint inspectors with high salaries, and let out surveys at a rent. But under any plan, multitudes will intrude shorn it will be impossible to keep out. The whole garrison of Mon- tery was at one time in danger of desertion: San Francisco and the ships in its harbour are left unoccupied.

Cholera had broken out at New York, but only in a moderate degree.