Ziorttluurnu.

The appointments consequent on Lord Torrington's removal from the government of Ceylon were gazetted on Tuesday.

Sir George William Anderson, Companion of the Bath, now Governor of the Mauritius, succeeds Lord Torrington as Governor and Commander-in- chief in and over the island of Ceylon and its dependencies.

James Macaulay Higginaon, Esq., now Governor of the Leeward Islands, is to be Governor and Commander-m-chief in and over the island of Mau- ritius and its dependencies. Robert James Mackintosh, Esq., now Lieutenant-Governor of the island of St. Chriatopher, to be Governor and Commander-in-chief in and over the islands of Antigua, Montserrat, Barbuda, St. Christopher, Nevis, Anguilla, the Virgin Islands, and Dominica. Edward Hay Drummond Hay, Esq., now President and Senior Member of the Council of the Virgin Islands, to be Lieutenant-Governor of the island of St. Christopher.

Rear-Admiral Sir John Marshall, K.C.H., has been killed in Wales, by being thrown from his carriage. He had served in the Navy for half as century : his death places a good-service pension" at the disposal of the Admiralty.

We regret to announce the death of Lord Leigh, which took place at Bonn, on Friday last, at a quarter before ten a.m. It appears that some weeks ago his Lordship had left England for the benefit of his health, which had been seriously impaired. On Thursday last he was pronounced to be progressing so favourably. towards recovery that he had resolved to return home. On the same night, however, at ten o'clock, his Lordship was seized with an apoplectic fit, and from that hour he continued sense- less until the following morning, when he died. Lady Leigh and her family were with his Lordship at the time of his death. Lord Leigh was in his sixtieth year when he died. He will be succeeded in the title by his eldest son, the Honourable William Henry Leigh. The principal es- tate of the family is Stoneleigh Abbey, in Warwickshire, and there is also property appertaining to the title in six other counties of England.— Globe.

The Graham's Town Journal describes a work of native art which the grateful colonists of the Cape are about to present to Mr. Adderley, their champion in the English Parliament through the late convict struggle. The present will be a chair made of native wood, and richly carved by the most skilful artist in the colony.

"The panelling of the back is divided into two main compartments, one exhibiting, carved in the solid wood, a South African scene,—the farmer's dwellings, the native hut, the wooded kloof, the rock-crowned mountain, and the waggon and oxen of the colony descending the abrupt declivity of a rug- ged pass. The other compartment exhibits the native animals,—namely, the elephant, buffalo, giraffe, gnu. The minor compartments exhibit the produc- tions of the country, its fruits, flowers, corn, &e. ; and also the warlike arms of the natives, in contrast with the mighty roer and deadly rifle of the Eu- ropean settler. The effect produced is far more striking than it was supposed could have been produced in wood-carving; while the characteristic truth- fulness of the whole is admitted by all. The cushions are now being richly worked in satin by the ladies of Graham's Town, and it is supposed the whole will be ready for transmission in the course of a few weeks. It has been sug- gested that Mr. Adderley should be requested to permit this work of colonial which we cannot hesitate r a moment to believe would be most cheerfully art to be exhibited at the feat meeting of all nations next year,—a request

complied with by that gen eman."

Miss Haword, of York Place, has assigned the munificent amount of 45,0001. in money and land to found a charity, . .

"to erect twenty-one houses on her property, at Pinner, near Harrow, in the form of a crescent; the centre house for the trustees; the other twenty houses to be appropriated for twenty widows, who are to live in them rent and tax free, and to receive also a stipend of 501. a year. The widows of naval men to have the preference, and after them the widows of military, men, and afterwards of clergymen. The parties to be selected and removed for misconduct by the trustees. None but women of irreproachable character to be selected. The deed is enrolled in Chancery. The trustees appointed are the Earl of Fingall and Mr. W. A. Mackinnon, M.P."

Mademoiselle Jenny Lind's first concert at New York drew upwards of five thousand persons to the Castle Gardens; • most of whom were gentle- men, for it was literally too perilous an enterprise for ladies generally to endeavour to be present in the crush of the first night. The Nightingale's singing of course enraptured the Yankees ; who were in some parts astonished to the last degree—silence. At the end of the concert, Mr. Barnum announced that Mademoiselle Lind's half-share of the profits was no less than 10,000 dollars—more than 2000/.and as a further bit of delightful gossip—adding that he had been pledged to hold his tongue, but gloried in breaking his word—he announced that Mademoiselle Jenny had resolved not to touch one farthing of the money. He read to his admiring audience a programme according to which it would be divided, in chari- ties to the noble institutions of their State capital. We note that the faithful custodians of the Fire Department Fund, are placed at the top of the list, as recipients of the largest share-3000 dollars; the Musical So- ciety took the next share-2000 dollars ; and then follow the Home for the Friendless and ten other similar institutions, for indigent females, dramatists, aged persons of colour, destitute females, Protestant and Catholic half-orphans, and old ladies; making up the total of 10,000 dol-

lars. The Lind was loudly demanded on the stage; Mr. Barnum ex- plained that he found he had driven her home by tlling the story.

Her Majesty's ship the North Star, which went out as a tender-ship to the expedition of Sir James Clark Ross in search of Sir John Franklin, a year and a half ago, returned unexpectedly to Spithead on Saturday morn- ing. She has brought despatches from the ships of the four English ex- peditions which went out early this year; and of these there have been published the despatches by Captain Ommanney, commanding the Assist- ance and Intrepid of Captain Austin's squadron, a despatch from Captain Penny, and one from Sir John Ross, all to the Admiralty; and also two

despatches with enclosures from Sir John Ross to his patrons the Hud- son's Bay Company. The Prince Albert, a ship despatched in July, under Captain Forsyth, to make a special search beyond Brentford Bay, returned from the Polar regions to Aberdeen on Sunday night; and the Admiralty have published Captain Austin's despatch in full.

By the North Star no reliable news concerning the expedition under Sir John Franklin has been brought home : a report picked up at Cape York from some Esquimaux, that the ships of the expedition were wrecked at the top of Baffin's Bay in 1846, and the exhausted crews overpowered and killed by a savage tribe, was discredited by further inquiries, and by search in the neighbourhood. The ships entered Lancaster Sound to pro- secute their searches ; intending, however, to make minute'. inquiries into the truth of this painful rumour if their search in the North-west should fail. • But by the Prince Albert we learn, that "traces" of the missing expe- dition have been discovered in the expected direction of the Wellington Channel.

These traces are undoubted evidences that the Erebus and Terror have passed in the direction they indicate, at some time not to be guessed;. but they tend in nowise to clear the melancholy doubt now hanging over the fate of Sir John Franklin and his companions.

It seems that Captain Penny, with his two vessels the Lady Franklin and Sophia, was the first to traverse the full length of Davis's Straits and Baffin's Bay, and to enter Melville Bay. At that point, however, he was prevented by the middle ice from further advance • and before he could cross to Lancaster Sound the ships of all the other expeditions over- took and joined him.

For a good portion of the voyage up the Greenland coast, the two Ame- rican discovery vessels were in advance of all the English ships except Captain Penny's ; but one of these friendly rivals got aground off the Devil's Thumb, and thus both got behind. The English were anxious to give their aid; but the American commander declined to delay them, having plenty of strength to get afloat again. The Americans had re- covered their lost ground by the time when the English entered Lancaster Sound, and were near Leopold's Harbour at the same time with Sir John Ross, on the 22d August.

All the English vessels were congregated in Melville Bay, off Cape York, on the 13th August. Acting in the spirit of their instructions, and with the best feeling of mutual confidence, they formed a plan of ope- rations in which the following division of searching labour was made. Captain Austin's expedition of two ships with two attendant screw- steamers was divided ; and the nine assembled ships of all the commands were divided into five commands, which we will enumerate in an order corresponding to the geographical position of their region of search. 1. Captain Ommanney, with his ship Assistance and her steam-tender In- trepid, was to search the whole Northern coast of Barrow's Straits— marked on the maps as North Devon—from Cape Warrender in Lancaster Sound to the Wellington Channel. 2. Captain Penny, with his two shipf the Lady Franklin and Sophia, was to proceed on his special survey Jones's Sound, leaving such {Maces of his progress to the North-west, thit when Captain Ommanney gained the Westernmost extremity of his region he should he able to communicate with Captain Penny. 3. Sir John Ross was to proceed at once, with his two ships the Felix and Mary, to the Wellington Channel, and search all the region from Cape Hotham to the West end of Melville Island ; and if possible search down South- westwards along Banks's Land. 4. Captain Austin, with his ship Reap. lute and her steam-tender Pioneer, was to begin at Pond's Bay, and ex- plore the whole Southern coast of Lancaster Sound and Barrow's Straits ; and, if possible, push along by Cape Walker, till he should have connected his Southern explorations with the terminal voyagings of Sir James Ross. 5. Captain Forsyth, with his single ship the Prince Albert, was to go down Regent's Inlet to Brentford Bay, to cross the isthmus, and explore the West side of Boothia Felix ; and to extend his inquiries in all direc- tions over the unknown region South of Cape Walker and Banks's Land.

The vessels started on their allotted courses on the 14th August. The progress of the Northern commands may be briefly summed. On the 25th August, Captain Ommanney had completed his search all along the coast of Lancaster Sound and Barrow's Straits ; and was observed by Mr. Snow, from the mast-head of the Prince Albert, "well over with Cape Hoth- am carrying a press of sail with a strong breeze from Westward" ; two American brigantines were working over towards the Cape • and Captain Penny's vessels were pushing stoutly up the Wellington Channel. It was found that the sea was so perfectly ice-locked in the direction of Cape Walker, that advance in that direction would be totally im- possible. Cape Hotham alone might with difficulty be reached. For this reason, Sir John Ross was understood, when last soon at the North-west corner of Prince Regent's Inlet, to be in doubt whether he should not return to England. Of the Southern commands we have only the accounts by the Prince Albert. Captain Austen had gone to Pond's Bay, to send home despatches by the North Star ; but those ships missed each other, and the progress of Captain Austen is left unreported. Captain Forsyth has fulfilled his instructions to the extreme point permitted by nature, but that permission was very restricted. Prince's Inlet, like the sea towards Cape Hotham, is covered with ice from coast to coast. From this cause, it was impossible to get anywhere near Brentford Bay and cross the isthmus. "As we drew up towards Fury Beach, the land-ice gradually extended off the shore, commencing a little to the Southward of Port Leopold, up to within ten or fifteen miles of Fury Point, when it stretched directly across the inlet, apparently in front of Port Bowen." Captain Forsyth found him- self even in danger of being carried up the Inlet by the drift-ice; so he hastened out to the North, and crossed Barrow's Straits to- wards the entrance of Wellington ChanneL He examined the coast from Capes Herschel and Hurd to Point Innis. It was at Cape Riley they found the traces already mentioned. " We observed five places where tents had been pitched, or stones placed as if they had been used for keeping the lower part of the tents down ; also great quantities of beef, pork, and bird-bones, a piece of rope with the Woolwich naval mark in it, (yellow,) part of which I have enclosed." In a cairn mounted by a flag-staff was a despatch from Captain Ommanney, who had landed at the same place before Captain Forsyth, stating that he had observed the same traces, and had also observed similar traces on Beechy Island. He had pushed on towards Cape Hotham and Cape Walker in search of "further traces of ffir John Franklin," Having made out from the despatches the best account which they afford of tae progress and further plans of the ships, we recur to the de- tails of the Esquimau' report concerning the destruction of Sir John Franklin's expedition: OD the 14th August, as Captain Penny passed Cepe York,- three flier:thane." -were observed : he communicated with -thhrer; and they conversed with his interpreter but made no allusion-to any lost expedition of White men. On the 15th; next day, Captain Om- Mammy and Sir John Rose passed the same spot, and again hailed the Ffsiqemiaux. Captain Onnnanney sent his steamer the Intrepid; under lieutenant Cater, and Sir John Ross sent his whale-boat under Com- mander C. Cervans Phillips, R.N., to converse with them. The Intrepid arrived first, and ‘' communicated" with the natives: they informed her' people that a ship had wintered in Wolstenholme Sound; she was housed ire'and had departed in the spring about a month before. It turned out' that they meant •the North Star: In the whaleaboat semder Lieutenant Phillips was Captain Ross's Esquimau' interpreter, Mani Beek, who spealb Danish : as soon as the Cape York natives saw their countryman, therthrew up their hats and ran to the boat, and got on board without being invited. They conversed with Adam Beck for half an hour. At the-end of that time, Lieutenant Phillips set out with Adam to Sir Joha Hess, who alone understood Danish, that they nright learn what he had heard. As they -went, they overtook first Captain Forsytia's vessel the Prince Albert ; and on board of her was a cook, John Smith, who has- Wed at Churchill, and knows the Esquimanx language—" a little of it," aecording to Sir John Ross—"a good knowledge" of it, according to • lieutenant Phillips, Adam Beek immediately sought him out, and gave him the following narrative, on the authority. of the. Cape York Es- qit,naux. In the winter of 1846, when the snow was falling, two ships were broken by the ice a good way off in the direction of Cape Dudley Diggs, and afterwards barred by a fierce and numerous tribe of natives. The ships • -were not whalers—epaulettes were worn by some of the White men. A. poet of the crews were drowned; the remainder were some time in huts or. testa, apart from the natives; they had guns, but no balls, were in a weak and exhausted condition, and were subsequently killed by the natives .with darts or arrows"

Captains Ommanney and Forsyth immediately proceeded to Sir John Ifass'S ship ; and they sent to Captain Penny's s.hip for his Danish inter- • pgetor Pedersen, or Petersen. The despatches leave us in confusion as to the stages of the examination, but the result is that Captain Ommaimey. takes no notice of the report in his despatch. lle seems to have thought it an invention founded on the actual circumstances of the stay made by the North Star. Captain Penny briefly praises the services of his inter- preter Petersen in " exposing a story of Sir John Ross's Esquimaux."

John Ross himself states that Petersen was "totally at variance with Adam Beek" ; but declares that the Dane overbore Adam, by calling hito a liar, and intimidated him ; but Milani persisted in his story when _ the Dane was gono' and he wrote it down in the Esquimaux language.. Here it is, for such of our readers as have scholarship to translate " Innuvit Takkurkarbark, Ague 13, 1850, Kessean nili Killissejaragkit ormearasarnik Tagkog innassoe,allut okarbot ominiarsulit Tegkugittil. Nerinamminni ogkimmatta Serknnirrok Sessammarrattillmmi Tarrit tarbok eglagbegka okiot 1846 Sikko Kabirriarmat allarbut omen- nammut lallugtils Tarrsanni &'kkur soarmit allarmitt ajellirlegtik okibut innuvit Tursanni ammillarkigagmik Takko ornijarsuvit Malluvit innivi Nagorbuegog.Tagkunniga. AGLAGTOK ADAM BEEK. "Joan Ross, witness to the above, on board the Felix discovery-vessel,.: this 13th day of August 1850."

Qs the one hand, Adam might have been again confronted with the natives whe gave the report to him, and if he was so his veracity could be instantly-estimated; and we find the commanders of the expedition.. generally incredulous of the report : on the other hand, we find Sir John Roes treating it as so far worthy of continued attention, that he is re- solved to unravel it thoroughly on his return from his North-west search. The most important, bet still not conclusive point, is that a considerable space of the country generally indicated by the Esquimau' was traversed ineextencled order, and carefully examined, by Captain Ommanney and: Lieutenant Phillips and a party of the officers and men of her Majesty's ships Assistance and Intrepid, and no -sign of any destroyed ships or men was discovered. Several Esquimaux huts were entered : "two of the huts covered the unburied remains of 'three or four natives."

The letters in the Morning Chronicle on "Labour and the Poor," having engaged a lively popular interest, and fixed " the attention of moralists and statesmen in both hemispheres," the conductors of that journal are resolved to extend one branch of' their social inquest—the agricultural survey--over ." the most important countries of the civilized' globe."

" We have taken measures," they announce, "for publishing, within the next twelve months, complete aocounts of the agricultural industry of the principal kingdoms and states of the Old and New Worlds, and of the various modes of cultivation pursued in each; together with sketches and compara- tive estimates of the condition of all classes of their inhabitants who are con- nected, either as proprietors, farmers, or iabourers, with the soil. We shall beg4). with France; and the first letter having reference to that country will

on Saturday the 12th instant."

more geographical range to be embraced is of the grandest compre- *anion - including " France, Belgium and Holland, the Baltic States, Den- mark, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal, Hungary, the Russian terri- tory bordering on the Black Sea, Syria, Egypt, and the United States." These countries are largely occupied with tillage and pasturage—terms peculiarly embracing what are popularly understood as agricultural " pursuits ; but the investigation would be obviously imperfect if confined to grain-crops, grazing, and sheep-feeding, when more than half the rural population of the Southern European nations are employed on the culture of the vine, olive, mulberry, orange, and fig-tree ; when a large portion of the Northern populations are engaged in the growth and preparation of komp and flax ; and when millions of people on the great Western conti- nents and islands find their chief occupation in the cultivation of the cot- ton-tree and sugar-cane. All these fields, therefore, will also be visited, with a view to collect from them " practical results' ; which may at once suggest subjects of speculation to the moralist, data for the political econo- mist, and plans of improvement to the statesman.

'The tenure of the land, the ordinary terms of letting, the prevalent inodes of cultivation, the average rates of 'wages, the amount of personal and industrial freedom enjoyed by the labouring classes their manner of life, their degree of education, and (so far as these can 'be ascertained) their feel- ings, opinions, prospects, and expectations, are topisa to which the attention of our correspondents will be peculiarly directed. In addition to these, the transit system of each district, its roads and navigable rivers, its vicinity to accessible harbours, and its general means of internal and external centime. niaation, will be carefully investigated : nor shall we forget to note the es- istanoe. of any law or custom which checks commerce or restricts industry. Adam Smith, speaking of the policy maintained by Great Britain towards her American Coloriies in 1775, me. s---' She prohibits the exportation from ma . province to another by water, and even the carriage by land upon horse- bark, or in a cart, of hats, of wools, and of woollen goods, of the produee-of America.' We must not be surprised should we find that other powers besides ourselves have occasionally treated their distant or conquered provinces after the same fashion, in the mistaken hopeof securing a profitable market fordie more favoured portion of their subjects."

Such an inquiry, conducted with candour and sagacity, " must serve to clear away alost of popular doubts and errors."

"For example, we have heard a great deal about the black bread upon which the labourers of sundry corn-growing countries are fed ; and it has been asked how the English farmer can be expected to hold his own against such competitors, without reducing his labourers to the same low level. But suppose it should appear that the average wasoes of the agricultural la- bourers of the United States—who can and do compete with Russia and Po- land—treble those which have been habitually paid, as far back as living memory extends, in the most exclusively agricultural districts of England Wilt it still be contended that wages are the test by which we are to judge of the competing powins of a community, in this or indeed M any branch of: industry ? how important also it must be to ascertain, with respect to such eases of alleged low wages, whether the real remuneration of the labourer is to be exclusively measured by the nominal amount of money payments reoeired by him—whether the efficiency of ill-paid labour is equal to that of the bet- terrequited toil of more favoured communities—and whether a very low rate of wages is likely to continue unaltered in the event of an increased de- mand for the labourer's exertions ? To take-another case—It has been con- fidently and perseveringlvsmaintained that the land employ.ed.in Great Bri- tain in the production of grain-crops and in feeding cattle is burdened with heavier imposts than the laud similarly employed in any Centinental coun- try. This is likewise a most interesting point, which will be conclusively,

proved or disproved in the course of our investigation. We shall also be much better prepared.to discuss the advantages or disadvantages of what Ms

called protection, when we have learned to what extent the corn-gem-eats of protected countries (France, fur instance) have suffered from varying or! low prices, particularly in 1849 and 1850. Above all, we shall passerz ampler materials for estimating the probable quantity of bread and meat that: can be supplied to the British Isles, on an average of years, in return for oer fabrics; and, in ascertaining how far our imports of bread-stuffs' and other articles of food can be profitably augmented, we shall necessarily learn whe- ther the present alarms of the landed interest are well-flinnded, and what: prospect of an increased command over the chief necessaries of life may-be reasonably held out to home eonsumers--inaither words, to the great body of the people."

For an earnest of future candour, the journalist fairly refers to the ac- complished labours of his correspondents on the subject of Labour and the Poor—"They have been the armoury from which our adversaries have drawn (what they thought) their most formidable weapons." The man- ner in which those inquiries have been conducted " will, we doubt not, be regarded as a sufficient proof that we are incapable of attempting to. ferward our own views of the great social, commercial, or political pro- blems of the day, by any sort of misstatement, or suppression of facts.' In fine, it is suggested that the results of the proposed investigation may form " a not uninstructive guide and aceomp_amment to the Great - Industrial Exhibition in 1851."

Messieurs Joseph Sterrge, Eau Barth-S., and Frederick Wheeler, the members of the Peace Congress who "on their own-responsibility " have attempted to conclude a peace between the Ian of Denmark and the

Danish Duchies, report the further progressef their well-meant officious ministrations. At Rendsburg, on the 3d September, the Stadtholderate stated that they could not make " any, sort of .proposition " ; and they gave the three peace-seekers " no mission:','

"But they added.,.. that they. should be willing to refer the claims of the Duchies to the decision of 'enlightened and impartial' arbitrators, provided.

Denmark would also submit its claims to the same tribunal; reserving for eventual arrangement the appointment, composition, and jurisdiction of 'the. court."

With this reply, authenticated in writing, the deputation proceeded to Copenhagen ; where they arrived on the 10th September, " after having been detained several days in quarantine."

" We readily. obtained," they say, " separate -interviews with the Prime . Minister and with the Minister of Foreign Affairs; who received us with., great cordiality and kindness We presented to them a written statement of . the object of our mission, and of what had transpired at llendsburg. We in- vited their especial attention to the treaty of alliance between Denmark and. the Duohies bearing date 1533, which-was renewed in 1623, and confirmed' at Travendahl in 1700, by which the contracting parties bound themselves' mutually to assist each other'; andwith respect to any-differences that migAds arise between them, they agreed to adjust them, not by means of arms, buts by •means of councilors constituted as arbitrators on the part of each, and; disengaged from their oath of allegiance." Urging their appeal on the humanitarian grounds which chiefly. prompted them they concluded with a few remarks, " to the effect that, Denmark, by this mode of settlement, would release herself from those obligations to foreign diplomacy which might obstruct the full develop- ment of her free institutions."

" Both the Ministers expressed their desire to effect a satisfactory and pa- cific arrangement. They said they were sensibleof the evils of the war, and

were anxious to bring it to a speedy termination by an- amicable mode of adjustment. At our last interview with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he said substantially, that if the Government of the Duchies would author- lee a plan or basis of arbitration, the Danish Government -would take it into

immediate consideration. We subsequently received the declaration that they accepted the pp' 'pie of arbitration to the same extent that it was ac- cepted by the eawig-Holstein Government at Rendsburg. Having re- ceived this reply, we returned to Kiel" to communicate it to tae Government of the Duchies, and to endeavour.to induce a direct negotiation on the com- position' appointment, and jurisdiction of the court of arbitration. On the

23d and 24th instant, [September,] we met the Minister of Foreign Affairs; who authorized a plan of arbitration prescribed by the treaty between the two countries, to which we have referred. He also appointed a gentleman to meet any one the Danish Government should be willing to commission, for the purpose of agreeing upon the measures requisite to carry this plan into effect. Steps have been taken to bringthese parties together as early

as possible; and one of our number (Fail= 'la) will remain at Hamburg

for a few weeks, with a view of doing all in his power to facilitate and ex- pedite this preliminery stage of negotiation."

The Times has published two letters from " English correspondents" i*California, which have the air of more honestly describing facts than most of the communications hitherto received. From the fast, which is dated San Francisco, 31st July 1860, and is without signature, we get a graphic note on the point of climate, and some indication how wealth is made in California from sources not at all Californian- " This place is a horrid hole : very cold in the morning and evening, and vawatin the middle of the day; and generally half a gale of wind from the South-west from ten a. m. to six p. m. every day during the summer months. . . . . A great p:Irt of the town is built on the water upon piles. For six hours in the day the sand blows about to that degree that you could not ob- serve a friend across the street: it is far worse than driving to Ascot or Ep- inal to the races on a very dusty clay just behind a lot of omnibuses. Nearly the whole city of San Francisco is built upon loose sand They have jest commenced to pave the streets here with three-inch planks all over. The mud last winter was in some of the streets six feet deep. The city is about 500,900 dollars in.debt, and no one will lend them any money ; so that many

intended improvements are only half finished. . . . any is not the diggings of gold that has made this place, but it has been made by the ruin of thou- semis of British, French, United States, &c. merchants, who have sent their pods here, never to be accounted for Whenever a fire takes place, hundreds take advantage of it, and close consignments in consequence, whether they

are burnt out or not."

The second letter is signed "John W.," and dated from "Ring Gold, Ei Dorado County, California, August 1." A previous letter from the same water some months since graphically described his voyage from Liverpool, and told how his first gains on. touching the golden land were unex- pectedly made by "painting signs" : possessing a rapid hand, he soon drove a great trade, and made money enough to take him to the diggings. He continues his story; a "dear aunt" in this country being his cor- respondent—

" I have suffered as much as most Californians from being exposed to all sorts of hardships, insults, and privations; yet I am not a bit discouraged. I have been knocked about alone. Jam my own 'Boss,' and never will hire out to anybody in California. Up to the beginning of July, with heavy ex- penses in knocking about, I may say I made nothingover my expenses; how- ever, daring the last month I have cleaned above 200 dollars—that is, 401. English money; and upon this small capital I intend speculating in various things, and make all the money I ever shall get in California in thatmanner. /have raiscdthe 200 dollars by painting signs. I am a first-rate painter for Ca- lifornia, and by easy work can make 25 dollars per day—that is, 51. English. I hive painted all the signs in this ne*hbourhood, and have made a great many friends amongst the Americans. I have speculated a little in horses and mules, but have always lost, as I do not know anything about stock. I have made acquaintance with a Mr. Creaine, from Lexington, Kentucky : he is a good man, and a gentleman in every respect. We expect to open a store here this winter ; in the mean time, I shall be knocking about to raise seadficient capital, and he working at his trade (carpenter.)"

His log-hut is in the woods at the foot of the Sierra Nevada ; it is the first hbuse that the overland caravans come to on the Pacific side of the eternal anew-line. "It would grieve you to the heart to see the poor starved emi- -senate arriving norms these mountains from the States, thousands of them every day.: their sufferings through hunger are indescribable. I will give you one instance out- of a thousand. About a month ago, just as the mountains were passable, three yinin„, men came to our house just 99 I had done supper : they had not tasted anything but mule's Ask for a fortnight; their provisions becoming exhausted, they had to kill and eat their mules ; and they said thousands were in the game condition, and would be all summer, as very few of the emi- grants brought sufficientprovisions. I of course gave them a good feed. Now, however, stores of provisions are sent out across the mountains to meet the starving emigrants ; and their sufferings are alleviated. I thought I.suffered coming round, the Horn • but that was a pleasure-trip bf• what the overland emigrants endure, and Will endure until October, when the mountains will again beirnpassable : thousands of them must die, and those who do arrive in this unhealthy country. are unfit for work until they rest awhile. Many who have the means go right back home again by sea. "Great lies hare been told about this country; exaggerated reports have got circulated in the papers; while the plain truth has been generally sup- psessed. Now, I have had some experience, and have no interest but to tell the truth. I have dug in some hundreds of places throughout the gold re- gions, in ravine., creeks, and on the banks of rivers, and occasionally in the aides of mountains, and I never washed a pan of dirt without finding in it abme specks of gold-dust, more or less ; but the difficulty is to get more than will pay expenses in such an expensive place. Some make fortunes in a short time, but these a some' are few; hundreds of others barely pay their expenses. Some sort of machinery must be invented to work the gold-dust wholesale. Now, SD long as gold is found this country will flourish—which may be for ages, as the gold seems to be inexhaustible. In the cities and towns here mechanics of all sorts will find employment; but those who are comfortably fixed at home are fools if they leave it, though for young fel- lows like mysel4 with. indefinite prospects, (more particularly mechanics) if they are prepared to encounter hardships, let them come, and they will make money, if they have health and don't get discouraged. Now, aunt, in my. heart I wish I was sitting comfortably by your fireside. I am tired of California, and if it werenot a moneymaking country I should not stop a single day; but I have now got a good prospect of making money, and hope, if my life be spared, to be once more in old England: twelve months from next Chriettnas-day I-shall get dinner with you, or my name is not Jack W. How- ever, I must sea Bill first, and get a farm started in the States. I have blitight some mules and turned them loose on a' ranch' to fatten till next spring, when I will cross the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains, calling at eat Salt Lake city, and stay a few days among the Mormons there. There is no pleasure in this country. In our house we have mice, rats, snakes, lizards, scorpions, centipedes, toads and frogs, and insects of all Nits, from iiniNiiitoes to flying beetles and poisonous spiders. I saw a snake lying on my bed the other day, so Ijust took the rifle and shot him through blankets and all: he measured four feet long, and was as thick as my wrist. Since that I have got an Indian hammock made of grass; I paid 4/. for it, and sleep comfortable. I am contented so long us I make money. I sleep with pistols (loaded) under my head and rifle by my side—sometimes they are necessary. 'live in the midst of Indians. One day while lying in bet, three Indians and a squaw came in ; and, seeing me there, one of the Indians laid hold of some bread, and was giving it to the others. I told him in Span- ieh to leave it alone ; but he still went on ; so I sprang up in bed and seized my rifle, and, taking aim at his head, sang out e Vamps ' If they had not samposed I would have shot the whole three of them ; as it was, I was as wear shooting one as possible. If they had shown any opposition, I would have closed the mortal career of the lot : but I was thankful afterwards that Thad not to fire, for I do not want to kill any human being ; but one re- qnires to be constantly guarded against these meanest of Indians. The .day

before, two Indians killed two White men with their arrows in this valley : but they very seldom commit any depredations now, for the Whites take re- venge on them at the rate of ten of their lives for one White man's life. I have only received one letter from mother, enclosing one from Hannah, since

I have been in California. I expect several letters are waiting for me at San Fraucideo. Most likely, I will go down the 300 miles to San Francisco in October, to buy goods and provisions for the winter; so then I will get all my letters at Mr.—'s office there. This is Sunda; ; you are all sitting down to tea. Oh, don't I wish I was with you! Here mu 1; I have to cook all for myself, living in the woods; cut wood, make fires, bake bread iu the ashes, roast my coffee, pound it with stones, buy my beef, molasses, and everything else. If I could only come and see you once a week, I should be contented : but this place is miserable—no Ames to spend an evening. Be- fore the overland emigration came in this year, there was only one woman amongst a population of 3000 about Ring Gold : she made me a present of a handsome paint-box, for making her a drawing of the town."

Results of the Registrar-General's return of mortality in the Metropolis for the week ending on Saturday last : the first column of figures gives the aggregate number of deaths in the corresponding weeks of the ten previous years.

Ten Weeks of 1919-49.

Week 0(1840.

'Diseases Zymotic

2,927 ..., 198 Dropsy, Cancer, and other diseases of uncertain or variable seat 466 • • • . 47 'Tubercular Diseases 1,773 . . • . 176 Diseases of the Brain, Spinal Marrow, Nerves, and Sense.. 1,113 ..., 126 Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels

Diseases the Lungs. Organs 4 of and of the other of liespiratioa

ac Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, sad other Organs of Digestion ..• 984 706 ,... ........

94195

61

Discuses or the Kidneys, Childbirth, diseases to the ilterus,lbe

1011 • • . •

6

Rheumatism, diseases of the Bones, Joints, Sc

63 • • • • 10 Diseases of the Skin, Cellular Tissue, Sc 6 • — • 2 Malformations 20 • • • •

4

Premature Birth 214 • .• •

as

Atrophy 196 • — • 21 Age 490

....al'

Sadden

215

se

Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 495

• • • • 00 Total (Including unspecified causes) 10,225

981

The deaths were 135 below the calculated average, though the weekly mortality was swelled by 71 "Coroner's cases" returned in a lump. Cholera lingered in weak coutinuanoe—four eases ; diarrhoea diminished to 67 cases.

At Greenwich the atmospheric pressure was 29.680 inches : the tem- perature of the air 66-7 degrees-3' higher than the average ; that of the Thames, 57'.

A very violent storm raged in Bristol on Monday. The lightning was in- tense, the thunder a continued roar, and large hailstones fell.

The Nepaulese Princes set out this morning (Tuesday) for Marseilles. Just as they were on the point of departure, and stepping from the door of the Hotel Frinet into the diligence which is to convey them to Chalon, a scene occurred which might have had a very serious termination. A burley bully of a caleche-driver insisted upon getting thirty francs for a "course' which he had made over night ; and not having been able to obtain the offer of more than his legitimate fare, planted himself squarely before the panel of the diligence, manifesting serious intentions of blocking the Ambassador's way. All attempts to stir this fellow from his post by fair means were in vain. There he stood, and 'raved for the thirty francs; and when Jung Be- luidoor adianeed to get into the coach, the ruffian had the audacity to seize him by the collar of his gown. But he had little reckoned upon the strength and nimbleness of his adversary. Swift as lightning the slight nervous arm of the Indian, which grasped a cane, descended upon the cabman's visage ; and presently that hero was borne off bleeding profusely from a severe cut on his temple, dealt by the jewelled pommel, to get his hurts bandaged by a neighbouring apothecary, while Jung Bahadoor stepped victoriously into the "interieur " of the diligence.—Paria Correspondent of the Daily News.

According to a letter from L'Orient, a rival to Captain Warner has ap- peared there. " M. Lagrange, an apothecary residing in this town, has been for the last fifteen years labouring at the preparation of a bullet of the most destructive kind. Although it appears that he bad completed his la- bours for some time, he did not communicate his discovery to the Govern- ment until within the last few days. An experiment as to the effect pro- duced by those bullets has been made under the inspection of Admirals La Susse and La Guerre, Lieutenant-General Laplace, of the Artillery, and of a Commission appointed by the Government. The success of the experiment is said to have exceeded all expectation. Each bullet, on striking the object against which it was directed, exploded with a detonation us loud as that of the gun from which it was fired, and produced a most destructive effect. It bursts instantly on striking any object which opposes resistance, whether. it be earth, wood, or stone. At the conclusion of the trial, the members of Commission, addressing the inventor, said, a Sir, your name ought to be in- scribed amongst the members of the Peace Congress, for afteryour invention it will be impossible to think of making war.' M. Lagrange asserts, that with a gun-boat, armed with four pieces of cannon, he could sink a ship of 120 guns in twenty minutes. He is in treaty with the Government for the sale of his secret."

Two gendarmes were a few days ago conducting two waggons laden with 5500 kilogrammes of gunpowder from Maubeuge to Hiram, when in de- scending a steep hill the drag of one of the waggons became so tightly fixed that it set fire to some straw. The flames spread with considerable rapidity. One of the gendarmes, named Dautreppe, made the first waggon advance some little distance, and then, at the nett of his life, climbed on to the to of the second waggon, and pulled away the burning straw. He afterwards with a few pails of water extinguished the fire in the wood-work. It was by a miracle that an explosion did not take place before he had completed his task.—Galignani's Messenger.

The brigantine Apprentice has arrived in St. Katherine's Dock from Bus- sorah, with a large quantity of Assyrian antiquities for the British Museum. Among them eve the great bull and lion, which Mr. Layard had so much difficulty in removing from Nineveh to llussorith.

At the sale of Mr. Bright's printed books some three or four years ago, a very scarce volume, entitled The Complaint of Verity, 1669," a work of M

John Bradford the Martyr, was bought by Rodd the bookseller, for (we be- lieve) 71. We have the most unquestionable authority for saying that it was bought for the British Museum. It was right that it should have been so. At the price it was a great catch. A gentleman who is engaged in editing the works of Bradford, and has striven in vain to see this book, would have given double the money for it. No doubt it is in the British Museum, but nobody can find it. It may be in the catalogue, but under what head or title no cruiser on that intricate ocean has yet been fortunate enough to dis- cover. It certainly is not where it ought to be, under " Bradford, John," nor under "Complaint," nor under " erity." We do not at all think there is any dishoneety in the matter, only a great chml of over-refined bibliogra- phical subtilty. Seven pounds' worth of the nation's money lies looked up in the British Museum, put away somewhere or other, as a lottery-ticket

used to be ; and years hence, long after the edition now publishing has been completed, will turn up, a great prize to somebody.—Gentleman's Magazine for October. 'Mr. Lumley has been appointed Director of the Italian Opera in Paris. A Commission was named by the French Minister of the Interior to report on the beat means to be adopted to retrieve the theatre from the disorder into which it had fallen ; and the Commission having unanimously reported that they knew of no man who offered so many guarantees of success as Mr. Lumley, from his pecuniary means, his capacity, his energy, and his libe- rality, the Minister has adopted the recommendation, and given to Mr. Lumley his official nomination.

The Vicar of Blackburn has consented that the forthcoming oratorio of De- borah shall take place in the parish-church.—Manchester Guardian.

The Marquis of Hastings, who as an ensign of the Fifty-second Regiment of Foot is stationed at Everton, near Liverpool, has had a narrow escape from drowning. He strolled out in the evening to the docks, stumbled over a chain, and fell into a "gut " connecting George's and Canning Dock ; he struggled in the water for ten minutes, till some persons came to his assist- ance. He was then too much exhausted to clutch the grapnel thrown to him ; but a man descended by the rope, and held him up till a boat could be brought to the spot. The Marquis was taken to a receiving-house hard by, and restoratives were employed: in two hours he revived, and in a short time he was quite recovered.

Mrs. Graham ascended in her balloon last week, on the occasion of a be- neat at Vauxhall Gardens for the family of Mr. Gale. She made a safe de- scent in Hackney Marshes, and was emptying the balloon, when some brick- makers and other rough fellows who had assembled threw one of their num- ber upon the machine, tearing the silk and cordage, and causing considerable damage.

Herr Harrwitz has been Flaying two games of chess at the same time, at the Glasgow Chess Club, blindfolded. After a long contest, the opponents of Herr Harrwitz in one case resigned; the other game was played till a very late hour at night, and then, the result being certain success for Harrwitz, the, ame had to be postponed.

Nearly every railway from London ran cheap excursion-trains last Sun- day, taking in the aggregate several thousands of persons to divers attractive localities.

Three thousand labourers are at present engaged in prosecuting the works of the Birkenhead Docks.

The mud produced on the macadamized part of the Boulevards of Paris is to be turned to account. A person named Taboureau has obtained permis- sion to carry it away for the purpose, after having had it carefully washed and sifted, of having the siliceous particles made into bricks to clean knives with. A hectolitre of the mud produces ten bricks, which are sold at 20 centimes each, and so give 2 francs for each hectolitre. It is said that a good workman can earn 20 francs a day by this new kind of industry. It is fur- ther affirmed that the city of Paris is about to adjudicate for three, six, or nine years, the privilege of taking off the mud in question.—Moniteur du

Soir.

An inquest was be on Wednesday sennight on two of the persons who perished by the wreck of the Superb. Joseph Johnson, the engineer, stated that the vessel had never passed so near the roelts before •, he did not know why they took that course on the present occasion.- When the steamen struck, the nutter Jupiter was six or seven miles distant, = and she bore down to the aid of the Superb. The passengers and their lu*age were takdp on board in a boat, a portion at a time ; and at a later period the crew also quitted the wreck, after saving what they could. Thirty feet of the stern of the Superb went under water when she struck. Amy, a sailor, stated that Flem- ing, the mate, was at the wheel at the time of the disaster. He told Amy he was going to pass through the rocks, as he had done several times in the Camilla. Priaulx, the master, cried out twice, "Port ! " but Fleming took no heed ; Priaulx again shouted, " Port !" Fleming then obeyed, but the vessel struck directly after.

On Thursday, a number of witnesses were examined. Mollet, a sailor, said he let down the small boat, and jumped into it; numbers followed ; the plugs were out, and it filled. It was imprudent to attempt the passage through the rocks. " We were in the habit of taking three -brats out with us, but we had then only two. Our long-boat was about nine or ten feet long, and would hold ten or twelve persons; the other, four or five." Gau- din, the second mate, stated that he was one of the persons who got into the other boat : that, too, had no plug, but Gaudin kept the water out with his foot. When there were fifteen or eighteen people in the boat, the master, Priaulx, leapt into it, and caused it to capsize : but for that, the mate thought all the people in the boat would have been saved. If the Superb had escaped one rock she must have gone upon another. Thomas Hamon, a fisherman, detailed how he saved some persons who were struggling in the water. He has known the rocks for thirty years, and they are not the least practicable for a steamer. Priaulx told him he took that unusual course to show his passengers the wrecked Polka. Several passengers gave evidence, principally narrating their oivn adventures.

The schooner Charles, from Liverpool to Dublin, has been lost off Holy- head. The master, his wife, and two children, with the crew of three men, all perished.

More than 1001. has been subscribed to reward the Portpatrick boatmen for their good conduct at the wreck of the Orion.

Several towns in the province of Posen have recently been honoured with visits from one of the most skilful rogues whom modern times have heard of. He first appeared in the metropolis of the province, in Posen itself; where he presented himself under the title of Prince Alfieri, and pretended to be a Legate from the Pope, on a secret mission to the Court of St. Petersburg. He was perfectly conversant with the Latin and French languages, and was provided with passports and other legitimations; or they are so skilfully forged as to render detection impossible. He remained some days in Posen, performing church services ; preaching, "jiraying, and blessing the poorer classes, while he indulged the higher with visits and the honour of kissing his hand. The Archbishop of the diocese appears to have been among his dupes. As may be supposed, the Legate's remittances did not arrive at the expected time, and he was compelled to resort to the unpleasant medium of borrowing from his brethren in the faith. The Archbishop, confiding in the promise of the Legate's influence with the Pope being used in his favour, kindly assisted him out of his temporary difficulties with the loan of 400 thalers ; other clerical dignitaries took compassion on their influential supe- rior, and lent him smaller sums. The amount which the rogue managed to collect in this way is estimated at about 4000 thalers; with which of course he vanished. In Guesen, another small town in Posen, he imposed a long un- paid bill upon the landlord of the hotel ; who, deeply impressed with the rank and dignity of his guest, asked and obtained permission to alter the name of his house to Hotel Prince Alfieri. Previously to his visit to Posen, Prince Alfieri had honoured Dantzic with a visit; and it is said that he succeeded in borrowing 1000 thalers from the Bishop of Pelplin. The Police are hunt- ing for the pseudo Prince, who is known now to be a Wilna Jew.

The sentence of Hannah Curtis, who was convicted of poisoning her hus- band, has been definitively commuted to transportation for life. When the decision was announced to her, in Gloucester Gaol, she fainted : it seems she expected a free pardon to follow her reprieve from execution.

Daly and M'Fadden, two soldiers of the Fifteenth Regiment, have been landed at Gravesend by a ship from Colombo, having been brought as pri- soners from Ceylon to meet a charge of murder committed in England before they went to the East.

The Lincoln Association, apparently a body of farmers who have combined to protect their property from thieves, have obtained a bloodhound to track sheep-stealers. Trials have been made of the animal's powers ; and in one case he tracked part of the carcass of a sheep for three miles, across fields, a railway, roads, and a river.

Mr. Thomas Charles Sirrell, gold and silver refiner of the Barbican, a trades- man doing a large and profitable business of an apparently respectable cha- racter, was yesterday arrested by the Police on a charge of receiving a quan- tity of stolen plate with a guilty knowledge of the mode in which it was obtained. A large quantity of plate was stolen from the residence of the Reverend Mr. Richards, a Catholic clergyman, at Bootle, near Liverpool. The officers visited Mr. Sirrell's on Wednesday at noon, and seized the goods: they telegraphed the seizure to Liverpool, and received instructionito arrest Mr. ; they did this, and from discoveries they replied with directions to arrest parties at Liverpool : this was also done, and Mr. Sine/1-h% been taken before the Liverpool Magistrates and remanded till Tuesday. - A Jury, presided over by Mr. H. M. Wakley, yesterday, returned a verdict of manslaughter against Police-Sergeant Nathaniel Eaton Bushell, for causing the death of James Geary, a plasterer, living in Marylebone. Bushell owed Geary a grudge, arrested him without cause, and, with another Policeman, beat him and used him with such cruel violence, on pretence of his resisting their authority, that he sank and died. The other Policeman cannot now be identified.

John Lambourne, of Watlington in Oxfordshire, has been committed to Oxford Gaol on the verdict of a Coroner's Jury, declaring that he had mur- dered his wife. The poor woman was found dead in her garden, covered with blood ; tracks of blood marked her staggering efforts to reach the house. Her husband has constantly beaten her, frequently sworn he would kill her, and- exclaimed that "when he could get rid of that old brute he would have a charming wife, and a family."

The Jury empannelled at St. Helier's in Jersey to inquire into the loss of life by the wreck of the Superb, have returned a verdict ascribing the wreck to culpable imprudence on the part of Captain Priaulx, and charging i mpru dence against the mate, Fleming, who steered.

From the heated ruin of the fire in Mark Lane, a cash-box was taken on Thursday, the silver and gold coins in which were fused. The gold coins. adhered together, but preserved the sharp impress of the die. On the same day one hundred and fifty pockets of hops were rescued almost wholly uninjured.

The wild and wooded lands around Dorking were the scene of a kangaroo hunt., on Monday, with the Wootton pack of beagles. A kangaroo belonging to Mr. John Evelyn Denison, M.P., escaped four months ago, and has ranged quite wild ever since. The animal led the hounds a tremendous run at a pace incredible for such an animal • it was at last driven into a pond and captured by a groom, not without a struggle, in the course of which the man. received some painful embraces.