fortigu nub tolunial.

r1111r1.—The formal declaration of a state of war between France and Austria was made by M. Walewski in the Legislative Assembly on Tuesday. He said he had been ordered by the Emperor to inform them that the French diplomatic agent at Vienna was directed on the 26th ult. to notify to the Austrian Cabinet that the entrance of the Austrian troops into the Piedmontese territory would be considered by France as equivalent to a declaration of war; that the Austrian forces having on the 29th entered Piedmont, Austria was at present in a state of war with France. A similar statement was made by the Minister of State in the Senate.

The Moniteur of Wednesday published decrees calling for volunteers for two years' service, and stating the terms of the new loans.

" The loan of 500 millions of francs is to be contracted by national sub- scription. It will be a 3 per cent loan at 60.50, with interest from Decem- ber last, or a 41 per cent. loan issued at 90, with interest payable from i March last. The instalments are to be paid as follow—One-tenth at the time of subscribing, and the remainder in eighteen monthly calls. The minim-um subscription to be taken is 10 francs, which subscription alone will be allotted in full."

The Finance Minister states that he has 300,000,000 francs in the treasury, for war purposes. The Government have asked for a war credit of 90,000,000 francs, and for the levy of the conscripts of 1859. They are not to be called in before January 1860.

The French Government has prevented the Italian general, Monte- feltro, from raising an Italian legion of volunteers at Paris. The Emperor permits all Austrian subjects now in France to remain. Austrian vessels of commerce will be allowed six weeks for quitting French ports, and will be provided with saufa-conduits. An interesting debate on the Loan bill took place on Saturday. Vis- count Anatole Lemercier, an Ultramontanist, hoped that the Emperor would protect the Pope and his States. In reply, M. Baroche simply said the Emperor would take care of " the security and independence of the Holy See." Viscount de la Tour Plichon "deplored" the war, and protested against letting the revolution loose in Italy. M. Baroche said the war was purely "defensive." Whereupon M. Jules Favre delivered an oration taking the same line as M. 011ivier, but more strongly in- sisting that the Emperor had designed and provoked the war. In the course of his speech he exclaimed, "If you really mean to turn the Austrians out of Italy, wo are with you so far ; but at home there can never be any pact between us and you eo long as France remains de- prived of liberty." The President here interrupted the speaker. "You cannot be allowed to speak in this way of a government which has been repeatedly proclaimed by universal suffrage." M. Jules Favre replied in a loud voice, "Such an answer is out of place to me, a representative of the people, who was forcibly dragged from his seat in this building on December 2i." The President looked astonished at this sally, but said not another word. No representative of government rising to answer M. Jules Favre, M. Nogent St. Laurent said a few words which were scarcely listened to, and the bill then passed unanimously by the vote of 247 members. The loan, contrary to the desire of the Government, is strictly limited to war purposes.

S hi/Ir.—The Italian journals furnish much interesting matter rela- tive to the state of opinion. The Opinione expresses surprise that the English Cabinet should have subjected itself to the mortification of a fresh failure after the many it has experienced in reference to the proposed mediation subsequent to the Austrian ultimatum.

We observe that the arrival of volunteers continues, especially from the Romagna, where the revolution is carried on in this way in order to avoid complications between the French and the Pope, and in conse- quence of the imposing force of the Austrians in the legations.

According to the Opinione, a work entitled, "La Religione di patria " the Religion of country) has been written and published by Giuseppe Sirtori, formerly, a Lombardian priest, who eminently distinguished himself at the defence of Venice in '48 as Colonel. During the later months of that period he was one of three who were invested with dic- tatorial power. He is now serving as colonel in Piedmont, is a man of great courage, and his morality is equal to his patriotism. The publica- tion, in question is a fervent appeal to the clergy that they would by their preaching aid in the national redemption. Prince Eugenio di Carignano in initiating the exercise of his authority as viceroy, publishes two programmes, the one ordering the armament and strengthening of the marine without delay, the other subjecting the press to restrictions, demanded by circumstances, but still not preventive. The Stafetta announces the spontaneous disolution of the Central Committee of the Italian National Society. Its object having been obtained, it confides its fate to the country and the king. With the society will cease the Piccolo Corriere d' Italia, its organ. Among the principal founders of the Society was the patriotic Manin ; Farina, the historian, was its secretary.

The ico (I' Italia, of New York, says that Italians in America are making a collection for the sword to be offered to Victor Emmanuel. The Municipality of Pavia has been ordered to furnish a list of the employes adverse to Government, and another of those possessed with large estates. The Municipality refused compliance, at least with the former requisition. The Piedmontese journals affirm that the Austrians have taken hostages, in the Turkish manner, of the principal families remaining in

theThweuilSttar;tia asserts the following curious circumstance to be an am doubted fact.. It is said that according to the capitulations, the Croatian _ militia cannot be taken beyond the bounds of the empire. The Croatians in Lombardy now stand upon their right, and their officers as well. At the passage of the river Oglio they refused to proceen iless assured by the local authorities that it was not the Ticino. The Opinions announces that no further news can be received from Lombardy. Previously to the pacific revolution of Tuscany, Massa, Carrara, and Parma, the Opinions asserted that the regular troops of these states as well as of the Roman were animated with national sentiments. It men- tions addresses to the troops published in all the four states. Soon after the news arrived of the retirement of the Grand Duke, who refused to abdicate. He wished to take refuge at Portoferrajo and place himself under English protection, but was watched by the people and peacefully conducted with a guard of honour to Bologna with all his family. Ge- neral ITlloa had arrived at Florence to take the command of the Tuscan troops, 12,000 men, and conduct them at once to Piedmont. Buoncom- pagni, Sardinian Minister at Florence, was nominated Royal Commissary in Tuscany. Leghorn, a city formerly excessively democratic, fully concurred in the Florentine movement, and the Chevalier Bagaglis was established as Governor. At Massa and Carrara the people have corn • pletely. overturned the authority of the Duke. The few troops remaining there either fled or took part with the people. The authorities withdrew. The Sardinian Government nominated the advo- cate Giusti as Royal Commissary. Meanwhile the Duke of Modena is not quiet. He has declared war against the Xing of Piedmont, and moved towards Carrara with a few hundred men. A Sardinian detach- ment, with two pieces of cannon, was sent to meet him, and on its approach the Modenese withdrew. In Genoa a battalion of the National Guard offered itself until the arrival of the Tuscan soldiers to keep them con- fined to the mountains where they have retired. At Parma the same change occurred, but less revolutionary, thanks to the moderation of the Duchess. The Independents, in fact, states that on receiving the ac- companying formulary with 4000 signatures appended to it, We the undersigned adhere to the policy of the Piedmontese Government as tend- ing to the attainment of national liberty," she nominated a Regency, and quietly departed without any disturbance. The Regency is said to have been overthrown, and again established.

In the Romagna the troops and people are animated by the same spirit. But regard and confidence towards France, respect to Rome, and the threatening attitude of the Austrian garrisons in the forts and posts occu- pied by them in the legations, induce prudent restraint. It appears that in all the States of Italy the troops are headed by men of ability, and the magnates and people are fully agreed. The Corriere Mercantile nar- rates at length the scene of the papal benediction at Easter. The Pontiff was so overcome by emotion at the thought of the bloodshed which was about to take place that he could not utter the last words. The people burst forth with cries of Evviva before the minister and the French Gene- ral. The leaders were arrested by order of Antonelli at the suggestion of the Austrian Ambassador, but the French authorities demanded their liberation which was accorded, and an order was published by them that the populace should refrain from all demonstration as prohibited by law. Not only the Olicial Journal of the Two &cities but also the corre- spondents of the Opinions and other journals state that the King of Naples is really better, but do not say whether his ultimate recovery is considered possible. The agitation caused by the news from Piedmont is extreme. The fever of war with Austria has penetrated every mind. The volunteers for Piedmont would be most numerous but it is impos- sible to get away. Rumours were heard of a rising at Palermo but no- thing positive is known at Naples, because the government forbids all communication. It is fully believed that when it is known hostilities have commenced, it will bo impossible to restrain the national excite- ment.

Pr M111111.—An extraordinary sitting of the Federal Diet was held on the 3d, at which the Austrian Ambassador explained the reasons which had induced the Emperor to order the advance of his troops into Sar- dinia. The Austrian Ambassador's communication was then submitted by the Diet to the Committee for the Management of Military Affairs • The Vienne Gazette of Saturday contained several decrees touching the extraordinary financial measures of the Government.

" 1. The income-tax of the third class is to be retained by the payment office immediately upon the interest on the public funds being paid. 2. A loan of 200,000,000 florins is ordered ; but as the contract is for the present impossible, the National Bank will advance two-thirds of the nominal value of the loan in new notes, 3. The third decree releases the National Bank for the present from the obligation to meet their notes by specie payments. 4. The fourth decree orders that the duties and certain excise dues must for the future be paid in silver, or in payable coupons of the national loan." The organisation of a free corps has commenced at the Austrian capi- tal. A number of young men belonging to the University. of Vienna have enrolled themselves as volunteers in the army. The religious com- munities continue to subscribe important sums to assist the Government in the expenses of the war.

The Archduke Albei t, who is now in Hungary, has been summoned to Vienna. Prince Windischgratz is to proceed to St. Petersburg on a special mission. On Monday the Grand Duke of Tuscany arrived at Vienna, and alighted at the Imperial Palace of Schombrann.

The ,great Viennese bankers, Arnstein and Eskeles, failed on Wed- nesday.

General Wimpfen has been appointed to command at Trieste and CM the Illyrian coast.

M. de Bonneville took leave of Count Buol on Monday afternoon ; and, with the other members of the French embassy, left Vienna at seven in the evening.

The Prussian Government have resolved to place the six corps d'armea remaining after three had been supplied to the Federation, on a war footing. On the 2d May the Wurtemberg Chambers unanimously voted the Government projects of law for calling out the landwehr, for a forced levy of horses, and for opening a war credit of 7,000,000 florins. _Th The _4.1 de- bates which took place expressed sympathy with Austria, and indig- nation at the longing for war manifested by France.

On Thursday the Prussian Finance Minister moved the temporary ad- dition, for one year, of 40,000,000 of thalers to the income-tax, the class-tax, and the taxes on meat and corn ; this addition to be further increased by 25 per cent in case the mobilization of the army should be- come necessary.

It is stated, in a telegraphic message from Weimar, that " the Em- peror of Russia, in a telegram sent by him to the widow of the late Grand Duke, gives a denial to the reports which have been circulated that Prussia and Austria are threatened by Russia."

The total of the Austrian army is estimated as follows-310,000 in- fantry, 30,000 sharp-shooters, 28,000 light cavalry, 16,000 heavy ca- valry, 30,000 soldiers of the irontier regiments, 12,000 pioneers, 12,000 engineers, 40,000 artillery, forming altogether a total of half-a-million men, with 1500 pieces of cannon. The depots in fortresses and the re- serve are not included in the above estimate.

SUS I i 11.—The official newspapers of St. Petersburg published on Tuesday the following note- " We are authorised to declare in the most .positive manner that there exists no treaty of alliance offensive or defensive between Russia and any other power whatsoever. At a moment when all Europe is making mari- time or military armaments on a large scale, the Emperor was obliged to provide by measures of political prudence for any emergencies. His Majesty retains in the present conjuncture entire liberty of action, and we hardly need add that he is animated only by the sentiment of the dignity of his crown, and the interests of the country."

X fig ilIM.—The Belgian Chamber of Representatives resumed its sittings on Tuesday. The order of the day was the discussion on the bill for granting a supplementary credit of 5,000,000 francs for the war department, but it was adjourned at the request of the Minister of Finance, who said that the Government had it in contemplation under existing circumstances to increase the credit to 9,000,000 francs.

a[itiWank,—The President opened the Federal Assembly on the 2d May. The Federal Council moved the following demands for the consideration of the Assembly—namely, to sanction the declaration of neutrality which accompanied the recent calling in of the contingents by Government, to authorize the taking of further defensive measures, to open a credit not to be limited to contracting loans, and to appoint a Commander-in-chief of the Federal army.

The Austrian. Ambassador has communicated to the Federal Council the manifesto containing the declaration of war.

SjI ft i 11.—The Government have brought in a bill to raise the Spanish army to 100,000—that is to levy 25,000 new soldiers. Feeling in Ma- drid is divided. The Ministers are for strict neutrality ; the Court wants to aid the Pope ; and the public would like to send a division to join the allies. There is a talk of strengthening the garrison of the Balearic Isles " in case the Pope" should take a fancy to reside there, and the French should permit him to indulge it.

a tfi 11.—The following telegram forwarded from Marseilles, is sent by the Bombay Government to the India-office. It bears date April the 11th- " On the 2d instant, the columns under Colonels Salis and Rich, in com- bined movement, overtook the rebels in the Seronge jungles, and killed 500. The rebel leaders—Rao Sahib, Fcroze Shah, and Tantia Topee—were pre- sent. British loss trifling. " Maim Singh surrendered to Major Reed on the 2d instant, at Haogdna (?). " Intelligence just received from Mahomedna, 8th of April, states that Tantia Topee was captured by Colonel Meade's detachment on the previous night, with the assistance of Maim Singh."

(41I Ill cant 131Iflt—Cape Town papers to the 23d March have been received. Sir George Grey had opened the Parliament with much congratulation on the prosperity of the country, its quiet, and the progress of immigration. The report of the bad feeling of the Caffres in the colony is not confirmed. One proposition of importance which Sir George Grey has submitted to Parliament is to form a Union or Fe- deration between the colony of the Cape and the free, and perhaps other states to the North, with a suggestion that British Kaffiaria may be advantageously incorporated with the colony, whether thus united or not.

ILIUM( Si ifff.—The City of Baltimore arrived at Liverpool on Tuesday, with advices from New York to the 23d April. The British steam frigate Curacea left Annapolis on Tuesday, the 19th, having on board Lord Napier, Lady Napier, and suite. Lady Napier was conveyed to the ship, which was lying about four miles out in the stream, in a yacht from the United States Navy Academy, escorted by Captain Blake, the superintendent, and Captain Craven, the commandant of the Academy, together with other naval officers, and a party of ladies. The Sickles trial, at Washington, was, on the 22d April, still proceed- ing. Before his departure from the United States, the British residents in New York presented an address to Lord Napier, couched in the compli- mentary language usual when directed to a popular man. Lord Napier fully reciprocated the expressions. He hoped he had improved the feel- ing between the two countries, and made questions still remaining open more easy of adjustment. "It would ill become me to take leave of this country without emphati- cally recognizing the cordiality which I have constantly experienced on the part of the President of the United States, the Secretary of State, and all the members of the existing Administration. I can never forget or requite the incessant kindness of many estimable and distinguished persons who have admitted my family to their friendship, and I reflect with pride on the evidence of sympathy which has more than once been offered to me by the American people."