10 MAY 1919

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NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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0 N Wednesday the Allies presented their Peace terms to the German delegates in the Trianon Palace. Hotel at Ver- sailles. On Thursday the world, impatient after six months'...

The new frontiers are carefully defined. Belgium is to have

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the little " no man's land " of Moresnet and the Walloon com- munes of Malmedy, Eupen, and Prussian Moresnet, which Prussia annexed in 1815. The " scrap of paper " of 1830...

Outside Europe Germany "renounces all rights, titles, and privileges as

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to her own or her allies' territories." She gives up all her colonies and her property in them. She surrenders to China her concessions at Tientsin and Hankow, and agrees to...

To render possible a general limitation of armaments, Germany is

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required to demobilize within two months of Peace and to abolish Conscription, the General Staff, and the Reserve of Officers. Her Army is to be limited to one hundred thousand...

The draft Treaty, of which an official summary was supplied

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to the Press, concerns the five great Allied Powers and the twenty- two smaller Allies on the one part and Germany on the other. It begins with the Covenant of the League of...

In Slesvig the German troops and authorities are to w ith-

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draw, giving place to an International Commission, which will take a vote in Northern Slesvig as a whole and in parts of Central Slesvig by communes. Denmark will then occupy...

Germany is required to cede to Poland nearly all the

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provinces of Upper Silesia, Posen, and West Prussia, with a population approaching five millions. In the Polish districts of East Prussia an Allied Commission will replace the...

The German Navy, after two months from peace, must not

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exceed six battleships of the Deutschland' type, six light cruisers, twelve destroyers, and twelve torpedo-boats, with a total strength of fifteen thousand officers and men...

o„,* The Editor cannot accept responsibility for any articles or

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letters submitted to him, but when stamped and addressed envelopes are sent he will do his best to return contributions in case of rejection.

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The Jewish Bolsheviks, who formed a sort of Administration at

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Budapest in March when Count Karolyi resigned in despair. have collapsed. The Alliesfirst tried conciliation, sending General Smuts to find out whether Bela Kun and his...

As for reparation, Germany is required to admit her responsi-

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bility for causing loss and damage to the Allies by an aggressive war, including not only injury to civilians, maltreatment of prisoners, and so on, but also the cost to the...

The German Foreign Secretary, Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, who is a eousin

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of Count Bernstorff and a typical member of the old Prussian ruling caste, replied at length to M. Clemenceau. He admitted that Germany was broken, but he refused to admit that...

Wo have already given some examples elsewhere of what the

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wiser minds in all classes in America feel about Ireland and the United Kingdom. Here is an extract from a letter just received by us from a very typical American of the present...

M. Clemenceau, in presenting the draft Treaty to the German

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delegates, told them that they had fifteen days within which to present their written observations. No oral discussion would be permitted. The Allies would then reply, and fix a...

It was announced in Paris on Wednesday that President Wilson

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would propose to the Senate, and Mr. Lloyd George to Parliament, " an engagement, subject to the approval of the Council of the League of Nations, to go immediately to the...

Signor Orlando. and Baron Sonnino returned to Paris on Wednesday,

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in time to represent Italy when the German dele- gates were summoned to the Peace Conference. It is rumoured that a compromise has been reached on the question of Fiume. The...

It is provided that Alsace-Lorraine is not to bear any

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part of Germany's pre-war debts, as Germany in 1871 refused to take over the province's share of the French Debt. Similarly, Poland will not " share in certain German debts...

The Treaty contains important provisions for the inter- nationalizing of

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the Elbe, the Niemen, and the Danube, and for the control of the Rhine. The Allies are to be accorded rights of transport over the German railways, and Bohemia, the inland...

The ex-Emperor William is publicly arraigned " for a supreme

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offence against international law and the sanctity of Treaties." The Allies will ask Holland to-surrender him fortrial by a special Tribunal of five Judges appointed by the five...

Germany, moreover, is required to assist in restoring the devastated

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areas of France, Belgium, Serbia, and other Allied States, by supplying cattle, machinery, and so forth. She is to deliver coal to France equal to the output of the wrecked...

Munich was recaptured from the Bavarian Bolsheviks at the end

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of last week after sharp fighting in the streets between the Red Guards " and the Government troops. The city sustained considerable damage. It is reported that before the final...

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Lord Durham should have gone on to give Mr. Smillie

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a little elementary information as to the principles of ownership as regards all property. He should have said : Ownership in law is a difficult thing to define exactly, but,...

The Prime Minister last week accepted in principle the important

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proposals made by the Joint Committee of the National Industrial Conference for a standard working day and a minimum rate of wages in every trade. He said in his letter, which...

At the Royal Academy Banquet last Saturday, the first since

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May, 1914, precedent was followed—the precedent which pre- serves eminent British statesmen from the danger of being tempted to discuss the Arts, possibly with more goodwill...

The Joint Committee to inquire into the Government motor depot

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and repair works at Cippenham, near Slough, sat for the first time on Friday week. Sir A. R. C. Atkins, late Director of Supplies and Transport at the War Office, said that he...

Lord Durham appeared before the Coal Commission on Wednesday, to

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give evidence about his mining royalties and to be cross-questioned by Mr. Smillie about the old legal theory of land tenure. We cannot help wishing that the witness had shown...

At the request of several of our readers we have

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decided to reprint in a pamphlet the four articles entitled "Church and State : a Vindication of English Erastianiem," by "J. St. L. S." which have appeared in the last four...

Lord Fisher was in a facetiously communicative mood when the

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American Luncheon Club entertained Mr...Josephus Daniels, Secretary to the United States Navy, on Monday ; and he made ono or two points of autobiographical interest. He...

The military situation in Northern Russia has improved. South of

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Archangel the 'Bolsheviks last week attacked the Allied positions and were repulsed with great loss. Our gunboats are now able to move up the Drina, which is free of ice, and to...

As a contrast to Herr Noske's success in restoring order

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at Munich, we must note that a correspondent, to whose letter the Times gave prominence on Tuesday, predicts renewed trouble at Berlin. Lenin, he says, has twenty-five thousand...

Bank rate,5 per cent.,changed from 5} per centApri15,1 917.

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nothing wanton or perverse in the decision. strength is strangled;

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Heligoland can do no more harm The publication of the terms is a great and solemn than a gun without a cartridge in it. occasion in our history. But we go further than that,...

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THE IRISH REPUBLIC.—A CONSPIRACY FOR RECOGNITION.

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" JENNINGS ! We believe that the South at heart does not. a-ant secession. It wants to establish the right to decide for itself. Ltucot..1; : Gentlemen, it's no good hiding this...

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AMERICA, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND IRELAND.

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AV E have made our protest in regard to Mr. Lloyd George's latest instance of levity. We are sure that it is a protest that will not only find a response in millions of British...

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HOW TO FIGHT BOLSHEVISM.

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n1JR readers may remember that we printed on 1._1 March 29th a letter from Lord Sydenham describing the admirable aims of the National Unity Movement. The object is to resist...

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LORD FRENCH'S INDISCRETIONS.

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L ORD FRENCH is a Field-Marshal on the active list of the British Army ; he is also Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland. In spite of these facts, he has thought it well to hand over to...

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GIFTS AND GRACES.

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T HE art of giving is a very gracious one, and we suppose that as an art it will die out. As a virtue generosity Is obviously eternal; but generosity is not exactly a grace, or...

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MORE OLD PAPERS.

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A MONG the many fascinating persons thrown up from obscurity by the volcanic upheaval of the Great Revo- lution, few yield in charm to Antoine Quentin Fouquier, the Public...

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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(Letters of the length of one of our leading , paragraphs are of ten more read, and therefore more effective, than those which fill treble the space.1 LADY BURGHCLERE'S...

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MONTENEGRO AND SERBIA.

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[TO me EDITOR or TOR EMMA TOR."] Sea,—For the second time after the attempt at the bogus meeting of the Sknpelitine or National Assembly at Podgoritza last January to proclaim...

THE AMERICAN NAVAL PROGRAMME.

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[To TER EDITOR or IRS " EIPICTATOR."] Sits,—Referring to my letter in your issue of March 22nd, Mr H. G. Daniels has written you a letter to say that a single passage in the...

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ITALIAN FOREIGN POLICY.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SpEoArOs."] Sni,—To one who has watched for some years the development of Italian Chauvinistic Imperialism with ever-growing repro- bation, the...

ANGLO-SAXON CULTURE AND SYRIA.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR:1 SIL.—May I ask you to publish the following lines the earliest possible on Anglo-Saxon education and culture? Syria is the country lying...

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CHURCH AND STATE.

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(To THE EDITOls or THE " SPECTATOR.") SIR.—In the very interesting articles by "J. St. L. S." whirls have been appearing in the Spectator on the comprehensiveness of the Church...

LIFE' AND LIBERTY : SOME MISGIVINGS. (To THE EDITOR OF

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THE ° SPECTATOIL") Sth,—Some thirty years ago a well-known ethical and philo- sophical writer of deep sagacity and insight discoursed on "Tice Sins of Legislators,"and gave...

(To THE EDITOR or THE ° SPECIATOG. ° ) SIR.- - T have read

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with much interest the article in the Spectator headed "Nonconformists and the Establishment" over the initiate of a name which to all readers of the Spectator carries weight...

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(To THE EDITOR or Tae " SPECTATOE."3 Sut,—Colonel Plunkett traverses

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a statement made by me in the correspondence columns of the Times that certain Northern Counties of Ireland are peopled by a Scottish race differing widely from the Celts of the...

THE RACES OF IRELAND.

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ITo THE EDITOR OP THE " SPECTATOR."7 SIR,—Colonel G. T. Plunkett, whose letter on this subject appears in your last issue, seems to overlook the fact that the name "Soots"...

[To THE EDITOR or THE SPECTAT011."] SIR, —Your imaginary High Churchman

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who would confront an Erectian with the Thirty-nine Articles (Spectator, April 26th) is Gilbertian in conception. The usual type of High Churchman (as far as I have been able to...

THE CARNEGIE MUSIC PUBLICATION SCHRAM. [To THE Enrroa or THE

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" SpecrasoR."] Sin,—In case you may consider it of sufficient public. interest, I enclose a short statement giving the results of the Trust's Music Publication Scheme for...

LANGUAGE AND _MUSIC.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR."1 Sta,—In reference to "Ignotus's' " Guesses at Truth " in your issue of the 26th ult., your readers may be interested in the following lines...

RUNNER DUCKS.

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[To THE EDITOR OP THE " 8PECTATOB.") Sia,—The letters on " A Freak of Nature " have suggested to me to write on the curious change that takes place in the feathers of the Indian...

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ENGLISHMEN AND ANIMALS. [To THE EDITOR or- THE " SPECTATOR."]

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SER,—" M. E. M.'e " letter of May 3rd seeking information about the " Company comes at a time when the need for such work as it was formed to undertake is once again becoming...

MR. BALFOUR'S DEFINITION OF CONSERVATISM- [To rue EDITOR OF THE

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"SPECraToR...J SIR,—Some years ago, probably seven or eight, Mr. Balfour gave a definition of modern Conservatism, the keynote of which was that it stood for " well-considered...

ART.

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THE ACADEMY. VICTORY has not caused shouts of triumph to come from the painters, and on the whole we are glad. Before we can have "England crowned Queen of the see." we must...

A SOLAR RING.

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[Tie THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR."] Sra,—On Easter Monday there was in the morning a large solar ring—always foretelling bad, rough weather, which com- menced on the...

POETRY.

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THE RECENT HONOURS LIST. (Lines addressed to lay Friend Ma. JAMES SQUIRE, on hearing that it was his intention to abandon the practice of Satire.) 0, tat nut thou the Satiric...

PEACE AT SUNSET. .

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Wang solemn Evening glows behind the hill, And men turn from the empty fields to rest, And the grey valley-land lies dim and still, I look sometimes, for solace, towards the...

*pgrtatar

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We suggest that there can be no better Present in Peace or War than an Annual Subscription to the Spectator. He or she who gives the Spectator as a present will give a weekly...

NOTICE.—When "Correspondence " or Articles are signed with the writer's

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name or initials, or with a pseudonym, or are marked " Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the...

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BOOKS.

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THE DECLARATION OF PARIS.* Sin Fusxms Prcoorr has produced a study of the Declaration of Paris, with the State papers relating to it. He promises other volumes of a similar...

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THE FAITH OF THE APOSTLES' CREED.* Wass the speculations of

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the late Professor Mired troubled the Sargasso Sea of Roman Catholic orthodoxy, Cardinal Vaughan, acting (no doubt) under instructions, suppressed them summarily. Even at the...

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A MEDLEY OF VERSE.*

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" Bre," said Dr. Johnson, referring proudly to his old College, " we are a nest of singing birds" We feel a similar exultation when we look at the array of volumes before us,...

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DRINK AND THE STATE.*

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Loan D'Azumaron's Board of Control, which has regulated the liquor trade during the war with commendable success, will expire within a year from the conclusion of peace unless...

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MR.RAEMAEKERS'S CARTOON HISTORY OF THE WAR.* "I, TOO, have been

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an explorer, gentlemen. I have explored a hell, and it was terror unspeakable." Thus spoke Mr. Rae- markers to a gathering in London who were doing him honour, and we are all...

GOLDEN ANGLING DAYS.t Tumix are throe kinds of angler at

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least. There is the man who goes a-fishing for something else than sport—for fresh air, for pleasant surroundings, or exercise, or, it may be, for " copy." Then there is the...

THE CAVE GAURI-SANKAR GL'HA.*

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IN the first place, let us congratulate . Professor Acharya on a notable linguistic feat. Here is not translation, in itself suffi- ciently difficult, but original imaginative...

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FICTION.

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THE HOUSE OF COURAGE.• THE opening chapters of MM. Richard's new novel give a lively picture of life in Irish country houses before the war as led by "charming, easy-mannered,...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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INuliee is this alums don set iieceerrily preclude eubsequod THE MAY Moernmes.—There is a timely article in the N ine- teenth Century on "The Right to Idle," by Mr. J. A. R....

READABLE \over•.—lfarriage While You Wail. By J. E. Buelerose. (Hodder

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and Stoughton. Oanet.)—An account of a young couple who, having contracted a war marriage on a very slight acquaintance, find that certain difficulties arise when they settle...

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As the Rent Restriction Acts are by no means clearly

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worded, puzzled householders may be recommended to read a pamphlet, The Tenants' Emergency Charter (Oliver and Boyd, 7d.), which explains the Acts with commendable lucidity. The...

Santo Domingo. By Otto Schoeurich. (Macmillan. )6s, net.)—This well-written and

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comprehensive aecount of the negro Republic of Santo Domingo is, according to the American author, the first that has been written for half-a-century. The island which Santo...

Costa Berling's Saga. By Selma Lagerlof. (H. Milford. 2 vols.

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12s. 6d. net.)—The American Scandinavian Foundatiou has added to its scholarly series of Scandinavian classics a com- plete translation from the Swedish of Miss Lagerltirs...

The Indo-British Association has issued a pamphlet on The Political

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Situation in India, which deals in a highly instructive way with " the defection of the Moderates," to whom the Montagu-Chelmsford Report was supposed to appeal. We now find the...

An article on " Parliament and Foreign Affairs, 1603-1760," by

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Mr. E. R. Tumor in the current English Historical Resit's is an interesting review of the efforts of Parliament to control the Royal prerogative• in regard to the making of war...

A Handbook for Travellers in India,Burma,and Ceylon. (John Murray. Ma:

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net.)—Mr. 0. E. Buckland, who was responsible for a muoh.revised ninth edition of this well-known handbook just before the war, has prepared a tenth edition, which will be in...

A new In-lingual monthly, The New World (2s. 6d. net),

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has just made its appearance. It is published in London and in Paris, and its object is to strengthen the friendship between Great Britain, France, and America as the only sound...

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Press, Platform, and Parliament. By Spencer Leigh Hughes. (Nisbet. 12s.

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8d. net.)—Mr. Hughes has written an amusing book on his experiences as a journalist, a lecturer, and a Member of Parliament. He abounds in good stories ; his account of the...