11 APRIL 1931

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News of the Week

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The King T HE serious illness of the King two years ago is remem- bered too well for people not to be concerned at any unfavourable news of His . Majesty's health. Fortunately...

India After the All-India Congress at Karachi, Mr. Gandhi explained

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to a correspondent of the Statesman that the resolutions allowed the Congress delegates to the Round Table a certain latitude. He went on to say, however, that for him the "...

The All-India Moslem Conference in Delhi followed the All-India Congress

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at Karachi. It will be remembered that as the Round Table Conference in LOndon failed to settle the minorities question the settlement was left to the Hindus and Moslems...

France, Italy and Great Britain The difference between the French

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temperament from the British has again become very evident. France is in a fever of agitation about what seems to the average Englishman to matter very little. The suspicion...

The Englishmen at this point in the argument invokes the

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Kellogg Pact and asks mildly but sincerely, "Have we not all banned war as an instrument of policy ? Why then prepare for war ? " The Frenchman's retort is the old one which...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 99 Gower Street, London, W.0.1.—A

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Subscription to the SPECTATOE costs Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper. The Postage on this...

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Wages and Tariffs Last Saturday Mr. A. V. Alexander, First

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Lord of the Admiralty, made a speech which has got him into trouble. He said that the Economic Council had been advising the Government to put a tariff on the goods which the...

Reports were given to the Conference of a meeting last

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Saturday between Moslem leaders and Mr. Gandhi. Mr. Gandhi—so runs the Moslem account—had promised to concede in writing whatever safeguards the Moslems might desire, but when...

American Finance It is calculated that for the year ending

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June 30, 1931, the United States Treasury will face a deficit of about £160,000,000. The facts require a breadth of treatment which Congress, compelled by the imminence of the...

Chicago The citizens of Chicago have this week elected a

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Democratic mayor, Mr. Cermak, by a majority of 190,000 votes over the Republican ex-mayor, Mr. W. H. Thompson. The new mayor, who as a boy emigrated from Bohemia to the United...

The Nazi Mutiny On April 1st, Captain Stennes, commander of

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the North German group, one of the most important of the Nazi storm detachments, was dismissed from his post for heterodoxy. Like many of his fellow-soldiers of fortune in the...

The Revolt in Madeira The bloodless coup d'etat which left

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Madeira in the hands of a revolutionary military junta last week-end appears to have been a politically-inspired gesture against the Portuguese Dictatorship. The High...

The Earthquake in Nicaragua The Nicaraguan earthquake which razed Managua

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to the ground killed about 5,000 of its inhabitants. Pity and horror are almost numbed by disaster so swift and appalling. The subsequent distress was alleviated, so far as that...

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Reclaiming the Slums A really heartening account of what can

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be done for the slum dweller by wise philanthropy was given by Mr. R. P. P. Rowe, a famous Oxford oarsman, in Wednes- day's Times. The little society which he has guided for a...

The R101 ' Report The Court of Inquiry under Sir

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John Simon presented a unanimous Report on the R101 ' disaster. The Report is a brilliant piece of work. Its main conclusion —that a sudden loss of gas in one of the forward...

By Air to the Cape By flying a single-engined American

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aeroplane from Wiltshire to Capetown in six days and ten hours, Lieu- tenant-Commander Glen Kidston lowered by two days a " record " of some immediate relevance to commercial...

Bank Rate 3 per cent., changed from 8} per cent.

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on May 1st, 1930. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 1041; on Wednesday week, 104} ; a year ago, 102U. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 93x.d. ; on Wednesday...

The Independent Labour Party The Independent Labour Party has met

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at Scarborough, and though it is a rapidly dwindling body it spoke with a loud voice—loud though uncertain. The Manchester Guardian estimates, though figures are not available,...

The Mediterranean Collision On April 1st H.M. aircraft-carrier 'Glorious '

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came into collision with the French liner Florida' (9,300 tons) while manoeuvring with the Fleet off the Spanish coast between Gibraltar and Malaga. More than thirty lives were...

Mr. Churchill and Mr. Baldwin Mr. Churchill conceived that he

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was treated with some discourtesy when Mr. Baldwin announced, without warn- ing Mr. Churchill, that Mr. Neville Chamberlain would speak for the Unionist Party in criticism of...

Mr. W. L. Wyllie Mr. W. L. Wyllie, who died

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last Monday in his eightieth year, had been since 1889 an Associate and since 1907 a Member of the Royal Academy. He achieved great popularity and—within certain...

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Some Naval Questions

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T HE hitch in the Naval agreement between France and Italy is very disappointing, but one need not look far for the cause. France objects that her full rights in regard to...

Countryside Amenities

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T HE latest annual report of the Scapa Society shows that there is a real stirring of opinion against the disfigurement of the countryside. It is an encouraging sign of the...

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The Idea of God—II

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The Idea of God in Judaism BY DR. CLAUDE G. MONTEFIORE. [The introductory article in this series, by the Archbishop of York, appeared in our issue of April 4th. iVext week the...

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Sex Reversal

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By PROFESSOR F. A. E. CREW, M.D., D.Sc., PH.D. (Director of the Department, of Animal Genetics, University of Edinburgh.) T HE biologist, acquainted with the affairs of a multi-...

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Ireland of To-day

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BY STEPHEN GWYNN. E NGLISH people always believed that the Irish demand for Home Rule was a sacrifice of interest to sentiment. Possibly some nationalists thought that there...

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Politics in Northern Ireland

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BY VISCOUNT CHARLEMONT. IV HEN I was last in England during election times I noticed a singular absence of any sort of allusion to dates either in the speeches of the...

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Economic Conditions in the Irish Free State

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FROM AN IRISH CORRESPONDENT.] " - How is ould Ireland And how does she stand ? " R ECENTLY a Swiss journal named the Irish Free State as one of the only three countries in...

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Industry in Northern Ireland

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BY T. MOLES. I NDUSTRY in Ulster, like industry in every part of the United Kingdom, is passing through a Geth- semane. This is the case in all large centres of population...

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The Price of Possibility

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BY CECILIA TOWNSEND. M OST wise Englishmen have condemned lotteries, at any rate since the Reformation. Not only the stricter puritans would have none of them, but men like...

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Mrs. Ronan Talks

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BY W. M. LErrs. M RS. RONAN came into the drawing-room and, at our request, seated herself ; this with the dignity which comes naturally in the quiet of hills and great spaces....

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The Royal Dublin Society's Bicentenary

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TO-DAY it is a little difficult to realize just how large a part the Royal Dublin Society has played in the national life of Ireland for the last two hundred years. For to-day...

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The Cinema

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The War Film r TELL ENGLAND." THE PALACE, SHAFTESBURY AVENUE.] THERE seem to be two main conventions to which the makers of War films must conform. In the first place, the...

Poetry

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The Mares BROAD-BACKED they gallop, the mares who have not foaled, Out of the blue-gray distance heavy with sleep ; They trample the grasses tousled and frosted deep, Their...

A Hundred Years Ago

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The following is a summary of the offences with which the prisoners are charged. Burglary .. 3 Housebreaking .. 4 Highway robbery . . Horse stealing . . • • 1 Stealing in...

[Owing to the fact that Sir Horace Plunkett has been

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ill during the past few days, his second article on Agricultural policy has unavoidably to be postponed until next week.— E D, Spectator.]

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Cornwall is one of the counties that has a close

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likeness to Pembrokeshire in this regard ; and a curious bit of its natural history is in need of advertisement. At the instance of the historical society of the county an...

BIRD COUNTIES : PEMBROKE.

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Which is the best county, and town, for birds ? It pleases me to see a claim put in—and by Mr. Gilbert, one of our very best observers—for Pembrokeshire, or " little England...

A RED BIRD IN THE GREEN PARK.

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The following query has reached me about a mysterious bird that has baffled many observers :- " Can any of your readers interested in ornithology elucidate a mystery which has...

I am tempted to quote a passage from a wholly

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admirable letter now procurable, gratis, from the Ministry of Agriculture : " The farms of England and Wales cannot feed our whole popula- tion but they can and do produce vast...

A GREEN THOUGHT ANNIVERSARY That fresh and original quarterly, The

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Countryman, still on its fourth birthday " trails clouds of glory." Indeed, there is no sign that its " green thoughts " are at all likely to fade into common day. Its only...

Country Life

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MORE URBAN BIRDS. That birds are becoming more and more urban in the wake of the human race can scarcely be doubted. The list of London birds continues to be increased, as a...

ANIMALS, FARMERS AND THE NATIONAL MARK

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National Mark produce is appearing in continually greater quantity and new forms of produce come under its aegis (an ill-used word that, however, in this reference is accurately...

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Letters to the Editor

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[In view of the length of many of the letters which we receive, we would again remind correspondents that we often cannot give space for long letters and that short ones are...

I To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Everyone who has

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the welfare of the Empire at heart cannot thank you too much for the statesmanlike manner in which you have opened the columns of your paper for the discussion of the above...

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WILL THE WORLD DISARM IN 1932?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Everyone who thinks as I do ought to say publicly how thoroughly he agrees with Lord Cecil, and how earnestly he hopes for the best in...

GERMAN YOUTH AND THE " ZOLLVEREIN "

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I have just come over to a meeting of the leaders of one of the central Buende of the Youth Movement. (They belong to the section known as...

THE YOUNGER GENERATION AND THE LEAGUE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—As an officer of a student society for encouraging interest in international affairs, which has organized branches in every University in...

THE RELIGIOUS TRAINING OF CHILDREN

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—In reference to Mr. G. D. Rosenthal's letter about my recent article on the " Religious Training of Children," may I remind Mr. Rosenthal...

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THE ELGIN MARBLES AND THE PARTHENON

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—I think Mr. Lawson misses the point of the argument when he says there is " no issue here of right and might " a s a reason given by you...

SMOKELESS FUEL

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Sir Lawrence Chubb, in his article on " Smokeless Fuel " (Spectator, March 21st, 1931), claimed that " it was conceded by all who have...

TENNYSON AND CHURTON COLLINS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—Tennyson's elegant description of Churton Collins as " a Louse on the Locks of Literature " was doubtless irre- sistible as a story to...

[To. the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sul,—Instinet for possession obscures our perception of the right and blinds us to the proper needs of others, a primitive instinct which civilization teaches us to overcome but...

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MARSHAL PILSUDSKI'S MEMORIES [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—In his review of the volume of Marshal Pilsudski's memories which I translated, Mr. Macartney is kind enough to say that my notes make "the Marshal's own work intelli-...

PIT PONIES [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] do not

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know why Mr. Gee should appeal for " the ordinary rules of controversy and evidence." There is nothing extraordinary about the statement of the facts relating to pit ponies ;...

THE CUCKOO [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—In the article on the cuckoo, in your issue of March 28th, the writer appears to doubt the truth of the statement by the German naturalist that " the cuckoo is able to...

CRUELTY ON THE FILMS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—With regard to Mr. M. G. Mercier's letter and your comments thereon, your readers will be glad to know that this League has been keeping an eye on cruelties on the films....

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AN APPEAL TO MOTORISTS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] s m —However careful a driver may be, there are occasions when it is impossible to avoid running over a dog. To the majority of drivers this is...

SUNDAY OPENING OF CINEMAS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sui,—Coneern for the cinema worker is perhaps the main theme in the controversy on the question of the Sunday opening of the cinemas. Often...

INSULIN

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sul,—In your issue of March 7th, you rightly remark that " no remedy has had more publicity than insulin." It is a pity that the Spectator...

A New Series of " Spectator " Competitions

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WE are publishing this week on page 606 the first of a series of weekly competitions, designed to cover a wide range of topical and literary subjects. Results will be announced...

POINTS FROM LETTERS

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INTERNATIONAL DISARMAMENT DECLARATION. At the great demonstration in the Queen's Hall organized by the Women's International League, on February 9th, the Foreign Secretary made...

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England's Crisis

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THE English version of Professor Andre Siegfried's study of our present distresses, which has already been heralded by extracts published in the Times, is no doubt destined to...

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The Terrific Dean

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Swift. By Carl Van Doren. (Seeker. 10s. 8d.) I REMEMBER when I was a little boy," Swift once wrote, " I felt a great fish at the end of my line, which I drew up almost to the...

Exploration in Arabia

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Alarms and Excursions in Arabia. By Bertram Thomas. (Allen and Unwin. 15s.) Alarms and Excursions in Arabia. By Bertram Thomas. (Allen and Unwin. 15s.) BETWEEN the Tigris and...

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Irish History

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A History of Ireland and Her People. Vol. II. From the Stuart Period to Modern Times. By Eleanor Hull, Hon. Sec, Irish Texts Society. (Harrap. 18s.) THE revolution in Ireland...

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The Education of Parents

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The Management of Young Children. By William E. Blatz, M.B., Ph.D., and . Helen Bott, M.A. (Dent. 10s. 6d.) This sensible and practical book is an essay in the education Of...

Present Laughter

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Big Money. By P. G. Wodehouse. (Herbert Jenkins. is. 6d.) IT seems a long time since Mr. Wodehouse's last book ; it always does. Now the new one has been out for a few days, and...

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A Lovely Book

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Cross Roads in Ireland. By Pe.draic Colum. (Macmillan. 15s.) IT is difficult to write a book about a place, be it country, county, or village, because one may so easily let the...

Remembered Dancing

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WE are indebted to Mr. Propert and Messrs. John Lane for a worthy record of the last phase of the Russian Ballet. Mr. Propert had already written the history of perhaps the most...

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Fiction

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Five Excellent Novels brose Holt and Family. By Susan Glaspell. (Gollancz. 7s. M.) e Delicate Siivation. By Naomi Royde-Smith. (Gollancz. 7s. M.) HEN, before we are quarter way...

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MY CANOE. By Maurice Chenu. (Scholartis Press. 7s. 6d.) The

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narrator's adventures with four companions o canoeing trips down French rivers are described in a serf of short stories with enough zest, humour, and pleasan artificiality to...

The Magazines

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In the Nineteenth Century for April the article most deser% of notice is that by the Earl of Crawford and Balcarres, a ve outspoken and an overdue examination of the plight o...

SHE MIGHT HAVE BEEN MARGARET. By Phy Hambledon. (Sampson Low.

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7s. 6d.)—Here is the sod affair of Mr. David Garrick with Peg Woffington a tively dressed and prettily staged by the " La I and Fie! school. But was Mr. Garrick quite the snob...

New Novel's

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THE SCREEN. By -Ann Stokes. (Benn. 7s. 6d.)—A higld resourceful study of the relationship between a fat and his daughter who is aware he has committed crime passionel. The...

NO SIGN-POST ANYWHERE. By Elizabeth Hughson (Hodder and Stoughton. 75.

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6d.)—A simple, since rather dull, " railway journey " story of an Oxfo undergraduate who is forced to renounce the Co fisher girl he loves owing to a startling discovery.

THE CONCAVE MIRROR. By W. B. Maxwell. (Hein mann. 7s.

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6d.)—The effects of a fortune on a happil married couple—the wife takes a lover—are intimatel revealed by the diary of the husband. Clever, sensitis and slightly sentimental in...

UNKNOWN LANDS. By Blasco Ibanez. (Thornton Butter. worth. 7s. 6d.)—This

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romance of two lovers who, fleein persecution, sailed with Christopher Columbus, is mad negligible by the magnitude of the occasion. Historicall accurate but uninspired.

MR. CARDONNEL. By H. C. Bailey. (Ward L 7s. 6d.)—The

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cavalier who comes to England secret agent for Charles II and who rescues a Puri maid from the royal clutches is a stock figure, one Wardour Street's great gentlemen."

ROADS OF PEACE. By Ganpat. (Hodder and Stoughto 7s. 6d.)—The

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publishers say this book " shows us India that is and the way out." The author says, " In might go forward safely and hopefully so long as the nil of the road—the clear...

I SIT ALONE. By Waldemar Ager. (Harpers. 7s. 6d. Tedious

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subjective outpourings of a Norwegian immigrao who sits alone in a shack in the Middle West and wri the history of his childhood and of his unhappy ma '

HIGHLAND FLING. - By Nancy Mitford. (Thornto Butterworth. 7s. 6d.)—A

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dreary extravaganza of th post-Waugh school. (The conception is infantile, execution (at its best) undistinguished.) The Brigh Young People cut familiar capers in the Gothick No...

1111. FLEET HALL INHERITANCE. By Richard Kevern (Constable. 7s. 6d.)—A

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thriller in a new manner. Altho the author allows us to follow the movements of th detected as well as the detecting, any solver of th problem may well take off his hat to himself.

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We should be willing to believe almost anything Mr. Hube

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Griffith orders us to believe, if only he did not order. Th war is always an evil, and in Eastern and Central Europe menacing evil, that international tariff-walls and passpo...

Few members of the Indian Political Service have had varied

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and unusual an experience as Sir Frederick O'Conno who records it very ably and modestly in On the Fron and Beyond (Murray, 15s.). He - made his reputation as Tibetan expert...

Some Books of the Week IT is a hundred years

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since Michael- Faraday succeeded i obtaining electricity from ordinary magnetism, thus open . the • way for developments whereby electricity for lightin g , heating, mechanical...

The second volume of Lady Tyrrell's The World's Histo a

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Summary (Nash and Grayson, 6s.) covers the period fro the death of Alexander the Great to that of Constantine, deals, therefore, chiefly with Roman history and the devel , ment...

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The Modern Home

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The Ideal Home Exhibition EACII time I visit Olympia some new hall or annexe appears to have been added to its formidable acreage—or, at the very least, some trifling gallery a...

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Sport and Travel in Ulster

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THE very name of Ulster being synonymous with greatness in industry and commerce throughout the civilized world perhaps explains to a certain extent why her natural charms do...

Travel

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The Happy Motorist in Ireland IF I won a prize in the Irish Hospital Sweep or caught a leprechaun with his pot of gold, _ I should immediately make plans to wander about...

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General Knowledge Questions

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Oun weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to Mrs. P. Williams, Sand- field, Wellington, Somerset, for the following :—...

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Financial Notes

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, STEADY MARKETS. AT the moment of writing business on the Stock Exchange has scarcely been resumed after the Easter holidays, attention being, for the most part, concentrated...

EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE.

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This Society has declared at the end of four years since the last distribution a full quinquennial bonus to whole life policies except that policies less than nine years in...

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Competition No.

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We are publishing this week the first of a series of weekly competitions. . These competitions will be set alternately by two competition editors, who will endeavour to cover a...

A GOOD REPORT.

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The directors of the London County Freehold and Leasehold Properties Limited must be congratulated both upon the promptness with which they have issued their report for the past...

The directors of Rolls-Royce, Ltd., at a recent meeting, decided

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to recommend at the annual meeting at Derby, on April 17th, that a dividend be paid at the rate of 8 per cent. per annum, together with a bonus at the rate of 2 per cent. per...

Answers to questions on Venery, i.e., the Sports of the

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Chase 1. Derived from the Arabic " ta'al hona "—" come here," and brought tack to England by the Crusaders.=,---2. (a) 'Single, (b) rudder, (c) stem, (d) scut, (e) brusb.--3....