5 SEPTEMBER 1931

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The Liberals Mr. Lloyd George could not, of course, be

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present at the Liberal Party meeting. Let us take the opportunity here of congratulating him very heartily upon the way in which, by all accounts, he has faced and overcome the...

The Political Parties On Friday, August 28th, the Unionist and

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Liberal Parties held their specially summoned meetings. Mr. Baldwin addressed the Unionists and seemed hopeful. We do not attribute this to lack of imagination, but rather to...

The Opposition The Labour organizations have also held meetings. We

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have written a leading article upon the coming tenure of the honourable title of " His Majesty's Opposition." The meetings were held, so to speak, under the shadow of the...

This is satisfactory. 180,000,000 are brought to the support of

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sterling. The civilized world would naturally dread a collapse of the pound not for our sake alone. But ours has been the responsibility for the actual crisis of the moment. We...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 99 Gower Street, London, W.C.

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1.—A Subscription to the SPECTATOR costs Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper. The Postage on this...

News of the Week The Safety of Sterling IT was

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announced from the Treasury late on Friday, August 28th, that the "financial authorities " in New York and Paris had agreed to support the pound on this basis : " In the case of...

[Signed articles do not necessarily represent the views of the

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SPECTATOR.]

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We see signs that may portend a tyrannical effort to

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hunt old colleagues and leaders out of the party. Seaham, which might be proud to return a Prime Minister, is asking Mr. MacDonald to retire. There should be an opportunity for...

Portugal The revolt that caused fifty deaths and many woundings

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in Lisbon last week was suppressed by the Government and loyal troops in two or three days. The rest of Portugal showed comparatively little interest. Those who_ enjoyed or...

In The Times of Saturday last Mr. Appleton, the highly

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respected Secretary of the General Federation of Trade Unions, denounced the Labour policy as " spelling ultimate disaster to all workers," and was answered acidly but...

Australian Economies The Commonwealth Labour Government is to be congratulated

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on the success of the voluntary conversion of the loans held in Australia. Out of a total of £550,000,000 it is believed that £450,000,000 will be converted. Holders of...

India Mr. Gandhi's farewell to India has been an affair

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as protracted as a prima donna's farewell to her art, but at last he is on the high seas, bound for London, where he will represent Congress at the Round Table Conference. He...

Mr. Henderson will be widely missed. He has repre- sented

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us well and has had a growing influence with foreign representatives. We also regret the - break in the line of Secretaries of State who have gone from Downing Street,' and we...

The League of Nations Geneva again calls for our attention,

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in spite of our troubles at home. The Council of the League of Nations was summoned for Tuesday, and the Commission of Enquiry on European Union also met to receive reports from...

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The Vatican and the Quirinal We are glad to record

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a settlement of the unhappy dispute between the Vatican and the Italian Government, which was so strangely allowed to become public. An agreement over the constitution of the...

Professor Pringle -Pattison Scotland has lost a truly great philosopher

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in Professor Seth Pringle-Pattison, who died on Monday at the age of seventy-five. He was educated at Edinburgh under Campbell Fraser, with the late Lord Haldane as one of his...

The Faraday Centenary The principle of the dynamo was discovered

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by Michael Faraday on August 29th, 1831. From a simple but epoch-Making experiment which demonstrated the induc- tion of electric currents have come the vast electrical...

Flood-Lighting in London London's first experience of the flood-lighting of

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her most notable buildings, carried out in honour of the triennial Congress of the International Commission on Illumination, was an entirely happy one. Many streets, it is true,...

Much as we dislike Dictatorships, we must admit that Portugal

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has lately been better governed than for a long while by General Camorna, who is no tyrant. But we have one grievance against our ancient ally, and when His Majesty's Government...

Bank Rate 41 per cent., changed from 81 per cent.

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on July 80th, 1931. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 1001 ; on Wednesday week, 100i ; a year ago, 10311. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 901 ; on Wednesday...

Sir Hall Caine Sir Hall Caine, C.H., who died on

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Monday at the age of seventy-eight, was the most popular novelist of pre- War England, though Miss Marie Corelli for a time ran him close. Like Thomas Hardy he began life as an...

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His Majesty's Opposition

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T HERE is always room for an Opposition in Parlia- ment under our Constitution. Even a National Government formed to carry the country through an emergency will do its work the...

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Give and Take at Geneva

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CHELWOOD • BY VISCOUNT CECIL OF P UBLIC attention—so far as it is concerned with foreign affairs—is naturally fixed on the greater international controversies. They cause...

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Why Not Come to Britain ?

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(An Answer to " S cadavay J.5) BY SIR W. BEACH THOMAS. [We have received several forcible protests against the article by " Scalavay " in our isms of August 22 from those who...

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The Colour Bar

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rthe Spectator does not necessarily agree with all the views of the writers contributing to this series on the Colour Bar. Our object in publishing the series is to attempt some...

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Incongruities

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Captain Edward Gibbon—II BY E. M. FORSTER. C HARLES PAULET, fifth Duke of Bolton, and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Hampshire, was admittedly Colonel of the North Hampshire...

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Community Drama in Scotland BY JOHN FERNALD.

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AT a time when the standard of the professional theatre is lower than it has ever been through the course of its history, it is interesting, and not a little comforting, to...

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The Old Trams

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By J. 13. MORTON. T HERE is a well-loved town in Ireland to which I return whenever I may ; but always with an anxiety which appears ridiculous to me afterwards. For a very...

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A Penny of Observation

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ARMADO : How hast thou purchased this experience I Mom : By my penny of observation. (Love's Labour's Lost.) COINING. A movement is on foot—a safe phrase, that, for what...

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But why ? What is the charm of old newspapers

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? Perhaps it is by virtue of an unwonted helplessness that they attract, like the millionaire in need of change, or the efficiency expert who has missed his train. The popular...

BENTILui ON BOWRING.

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Our article on the Public Accounts of France has attracted the notice of the illustrious JEREMY BENTHAM, who has adopted the somewhat roundabout course of addressing an epistle...

Cinema More Crime PEOPLE have begun to write to the

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papers saying that we are getting too many films about gangsters, which is perfectly true. Hollywood knows a good theme when it sees one, and seldom sees anything else for some...

A Hundred Years Ago

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THE " SPECTATOR," SEPTEMBER 3RD, 1831. THE KING AND ass COURT. Next week will break in upon the sober routine of peaceful enjoyment which their Majesties have indulged in for...

MR. LEIGH HUNT AND THE " TATLER."

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The Tatler is a daily publication, carried on by Mr. LEIGH HUNT ; and shows in the pleasantest manner in the world how much men of talent might do for us in the way of wisdom...

OLD NEWSPAPERS.

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For our part, though we read the newspapers every day, we get very little enjoyment out of them. We read them from a sense of duty, and we find them dull. It will be urged that...

THE IITIIITARIAN SYSTEM.

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The skeleton of Corder, the murderer, has been placed in $ recess of the Museum of the Suffolk Tnfirmary, Bury St. Edmund's. It is covered with a glass case, beneath which is a...

But perhaps all this is more briefly and more cogently

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put by the old Thibetan proverb : " A dead louse is better

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NEW PLANTS.

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The possible influence a new plant might exercise on civilization is a subject that many imaginations have played with. A mighty Egyptian King once toured the world to spread...

EMPIRE ZOOLOGY.

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I hear that England is co-operating zoologically with those pioneers who are striving to populate the northern regions of Canada with congenial stock. The requisites are...

LONDON TROPICS.

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Outside Kew there is a garden almost in London where you can see in flourishing growth almost all the economic plants there are in many varieties : tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber,...

Country Life

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REVIVED HARVESTS. It has been a liberal education to walk about the farms, not least the small holdings of West Lancashire, these first sunny days of harvest. By some miracle...

THE RETURN OF THE VERMIN.

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It is good news—at least to some of us—that certain vermin (if one must use the word) are increasing very considerably in the west of Britain. Polecats have returned, and it was...

THE IMPORTANCE OF FLOWERS.

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The part that flowers play in the life of the community was strikingly exhibited recently at Southport, when 100,000 people visited the flower show, which is beyond question the...

The mind of a certain old and famous gardener must

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have been playing with this dream when he said to me the other day : " The plant may revolutionize the industry." He was talking of a newly discovered variety of cane so rich in...

If ever a vermin sanctuary should come into existence, thereabouts

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is the place to select. An animal that is being persecuted with peculiar unreason in some districts of Wales is the badger ; and his worst enemies are not game-preservers or...

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WHY COME TO BRITAIN ?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] • SIR,---The article by " Scadavay " which you published in your issue of August 22nd is presumably not intended to be taken too seriously,...

Letters to the Editor

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[In view of the length of many of the letters which we receive, we would remind correspondents that we often cannot give space for lone letters and that short ones are generally...

STAG HUNTING

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I have been reading with great interest the corre- spondence which has been appearing in your columns on the subject of stag hunting in...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Mrs. de Bunsen asks

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me of a certain deer whether its foot was torn off by hunting. The answer is " No : in a snare," and yet there is one keen anti-hunting lady who recommends snaring 1 I maintain...

AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The question of the adoption of an international auxiliary language is one of the acutest problems of modern life. It is not made easier...

ENGLISH AS SHE IS WRITTEN

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In the interest of good English, of which British newspapers should be the custodian and example, I should like to call attention to the...

THE STERILIZATION BILL

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In answer to Mr. F. M. Avis's letter in your issue for August 22nd, I would like to say that I very much regret the error in my...

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SHORTAGE OF NURSES [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Much

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has been written lately regarding the shortage of nurses in hospitals. It is pleaded that the hours are too long, which undoubtedly is a fact ; but until there are more nurses...

POINTS FROM LETTERS A QUOTATION.

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Can any of your readers give me the original source of " The Pope and the fool know more than the Pope alone " ?—A ),WAYFARING MAN.

THE GUILDFORD ELECTION [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Stopford

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Brooke's fine withdrawal from the contest at the Guildford Election is, I think, an illustration worth remark of the purely negative character of an elector's vote. Unless there...

RABBIT SNARES [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I am

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able to testify that the spring snares sold by Mr. A. W. Aucott, of 9 Perry Road, Park Row, Bristol, kill in- stantaneously in grass runs. Apart from the humanitarian side of...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—May I express through your columns my thanks to Mr. Mr. F. M. Avis for his letter in your issue of August 22nd? I have been hoping that someone would point out how greatly...

" FORGOTTEN ENGLAND " [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Snt,—In his not unkindly notice of my Forgotten. England in your axle of August 22nd your reviewer includes a challenging question, " How a priest who worships God as creator...

TITHE BARNS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, I

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should be much interested to know whether any of your correspondents can mention surviving examples of ancient Tithe Barns ; i.e., large barns belonging to the older benefices,...

Poetry

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Climbing Stairs Beautiful shines the upturned face And lifted pallor of the lovely hand Which holds the enchanting wand. She with her candle comes alone, The climbing centre...

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"Spectator" Competitions

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RULES AND CONDITIONS Entries must be typed or very clearly written on one side of the paper only. The name and address, or pseudonym, of the competitor must be on each entry and...

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Friend or Deceiver ?

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Licensing. Summarized by Courtenay C. Weekes. (National Temperance League, 33 Bedford Place, W.C. 1. Is.) COMMUNAL concern and legislative interference with what used to be...

The Theatre of the People

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" THE theatre was for the people and always for the people." So Mr. Gordon Craig, in one of those inaccurate aphorisms of his, meant to quicken our ideas by irritating our...

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Jean-Jacques

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Rousseau. By C. E. Vuffiamy. (Bles. 10s. 6c1.) IT is distressing that so many men who love mankind should so detest their fellow-creatures. There was Rousseau, over- flowing...

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Practice and Theory

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Experiments in Educational Self-Government. By A. L. Gordon Mackay. (Allen and Unwin. 7s. 6d. ) The Reformation and English Education. By Norman Wood. (Routledge. 15s.) THERE...

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Why Spain Rebelled

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Spain in Revolt, 1814 - 1931. By Joseph McCabe. (John Lane. 613.) THE question which many of us are asking ourselves to-day is, " Why should there be in Catholic Spain a more...

Montparnasse That Was

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Back to Montparnasse. By Sisley Huddleston. (Harrap. 15s.) IT is the journalist's duty, Mr. Huddleston has often told us, to be more than a chronicler of events and persons and...

Sense About Stag-Hunting

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MR. HENRY WILLIAMSON'S Digression on the Logic and Ethics and Economics of Stag-Hunting in England To-day is all the better for lacking that singleness of purpose which is too...

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Fiction

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Romance and Realism Judith Paris is the second volume of what it may one day be proper to call the Herries Saga. There are to be several volumes more. A work of such magnitude,...

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GRACE LATOUCHE AND THE WARRINGTONS. By Marjorie Bowen. (Selwin and

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Blount. 7s. 6d.) A subtle essence of Victorianism pervades these " nineteenth century pieces," and there are many signs that Miss Bowen has enjoyed the writing of them. She is...

The Magazines

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THE financial crisis, India, and the farmer's plight, here and elsewhere, naturally form the main themes discussed in the September reviews. The suddenness with which the...

MAJOR GRANT. By Carols Oman. (Hodder and Stoughton. 7s. 6d.)—Miss

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Oman has introduced so much wit and irony into her new book that even readers inclined to be bored by historical novels will find it difficult to maintain their prejudice after...

SAINT JOHNSON. By W. R. Burnett. (Heinemann. 7s. 6d.)—Probably those

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who can appreciate the dialect, which appears to be necessary for the telling of any tale that contains a cowboy, will enjoy the story of Wayt Johnson and his adventures as...

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Tourists and intending settlers will be grateful to Mr. H.

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0. Weller for his little book Kenya Without Prejudice (" East Africa," 5s.). It is concisely and simply written and gives what it claims to give, a balanced and critical review...

Current Literature

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How " 0. Henry " saw his fellow citizens we know, to our great profit. It is interesting to see how his fellow citizens, Mr. Robert H. Davis and Mr. Arthur B. Maurice, saw him....

Those who are interested in the scanty remains of Celtic

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or Saxon sculpture should not miss Dr. Hay Fleming's new and elaborate catalogue of the St. Andrew's Cathedral Museum (Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 25s.), with its many good...

For a broad view of a fascinating and important subject

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Mr. W. H. Boulton's Pageant of Transport through the Ages (Sampson Low, 12s. 6d.) may be commended. The author begins at the beginning, but the historical retrospect shows...

For more than forty years Burdett's Hospitals and Charities was

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a valuable work of reference. Now it is superseded by work of far wider range. The first issue of The Hospitals Year- Book (Nursing Mirror Ltd., 15s.) is an admirable...

Our Workhouse Million, by George F. Bonsor (Efficiency Magazine Ltd.,

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87 Regent Street, W. 1, 5s.) is a plain, straight- forward account of the work of guardians and relieving officers who are dealing with distress in this country. The writer is...

* * * *

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One would like to have the view of Sir Ernest Benn, chain- pion of individualism, on the statement by the Italian Minister of Justice, Signor Rocco, that Fascism being "...

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In common with a number of other steamship companies the

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Sitmar Line have a regular service to and from Egypt. Passengers leave London at 9 a.m., reaching Genoa the following morning, and either the `Ausonia ' or Esperia ' sails in...

We cannot think that in collecting and publishing Ernest Crawley's

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occasional papers Mr. Theodore Besterman is doing a service to the memory of the author of The Mystic Rose. Of the three papers collected in Dress, Drinks and Drums (Methuen and...

In a pie compounded by one who knew Palmerston, who

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was Irish born, soldiered in India, served twenty-four years in the House of Commons and was a popular party Whip, as was the late Lord Rathcreedan, much more widely known as...

Travel

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[We shall be glad to answer questions arising out of the Travel articles published in our columns. Inquiries should be addressed to the Travel Manager, The SPECTATOR, 99 Gower...

Since the epoch-making publication of The Idea of the Holy,

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an ever-growing circle waits with eagerness for Professor Rudolf Otto's works. But those who trustfully acquire The Philosophy of Religion, translated by E. B. Dicker (Williams...

During the past month the books most in demand at

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The Times Book Club have been :- Nox-Ficriori.—The Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, by Lady G. Cecil ; Marshal Lyautey, by Andre Maurois ; Pavlova, by Walford Ryden ;...

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THE SECOND PROBLEM.

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It is, however, with the second problem that I wish to deal more fully, first because in some respects it is the more important one, and, second, because I think it is the least...

THE TRADE BALANCE.

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Now, before the War—I am still keeping to the idea of barter rather than of monetary settlements—the position (Continued on page 310.)

Finance—Public & Private

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Why Have We Borrowed Abroad ? A NATIONAL Government has come into office pledged to Economy and presumably also to the reduction rather than the increase of debt. How comes it,...

BALANCING THE BUDGET.

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As regards the re-establishment of an equilibrium in the National Balance Sheet, or, in other words, the balancing of the Budget, the task is a supremely difficult one because...