16 JUNE 1917, Page 22

Ingram Bywater. By W. W. Jackson, D.D. (Clarendon Press. 7s.

6d. net.)—This admirable memoir of the late Professor of Greek at Oxford is a model of its kind. Bywater was a great scholar, who devoted his whole life to the intensive study of Greek texts, and he was little known, outside his own circle, oven at Oxford, except as a profound Aristotelian. Dr. Jackson's memoir reveals him as an attractive human being and illustrates the permanent value of his scholarship. He was broad-minded enough to regard as inevitable the abolition of compulsory Greek at the older Universi- ties. He once recalled with amusement a meeting with thosKaiser, who spoke of Greek studies at the German Universities and empha- sized the fact that in many examinations Greek was no longer obligatory. " It was rather," said Bywater, " as if he had told a butcher that people were turning vegetarians." But the Kaiser has never been noted for his tact.