iartigu nub crulutrial.

FRANCE.—The Ifoniteur of Wednesday published the text of the treaty concluded between England, France, and Turkey. The preamble states that the Emperor of the French and the Queen of Great Britain and Ire- land, "fully persuaded that the existence of the Ottoman empire, within its actual limits, is essential to the maintenance of the balance of power between the states of Europe," have consented, at the request of the Sul- tan, to aid him in repelling the aggression of the Emperor of Russia. By the conditions of the treaty, the Emperor and the Queen are bound to assist the Sultan with such land-troops as are necessary to repel the aggression ; stipulating that these troops shall receive from the Sultan similar treatment to that experienced by the naval forces of France and England. All the parties to the treaty bind themselves to communicate to each other any propositions received by any one of them, directly or indirectly, from the Emperor of Russia; and the Sultan engages not to conclude any armistice, enter into any negotiation, or conclude any pre- liminary or any treaty of peace, without the knowledge and consent of England and France. It is also provided that the Ottoman authorities shall not exercise any control over the auxiliary armies; that the plans of the campaign shall be discussed and agreed upon by the three com- manders; and that no operations shall be undertaken by the Ottoman troops, when in line with the allies, without previous concert. The allied commanders undertake to preserve strict discipline, and to cause property to be respected ; and the Ottomans to pay every attention to the require- ments of the allies relative to the wants of the service. At the conclu- sion of peace, the allies are to withdraw within forty days. A convention between France and England, regulating the mode of adjudging and distributing the prizes captured in the present war by the allied fleet, has been published in the lifoniteur. The same authority es- timates the French Baltic fleet at thirty-one sail; the Black Sea fleet at thirty sail ; the fleet in the Greek waters at fourteen sail ; while seven- teen ships of war will remain at Toulon ready to embark 12,000 men at any moment. There is a reserve squadron, not yet quite ready.

The Monitsur of Tuesday contained the following interesting statement of the views of the United States Government with respect to privateer-

"The Government of the United States of North America replied, on the 28th ultimo, to the communication made to it by the French Minister of the declaration of the two great maritime powers of Europe relative to neutral flags during the present war. In this reply, Mr. Marcy expresses, in the name of the President of the Union, the wish that the maxims adopted in concert by France and England should become for the future the rule of conduct of all civilized nations. The Secretary of State besides declares that his Government has a firm wish to observe strictly and to cause to be observed the duties of neutrality. He mentions that the laws of the country severely prohibit any American citizen, as well as every one established on the territory of the Union, from fitting out privateers, or enrolling men to take part in foreign war. Mr. Marcy adds, that there is no fear of any attempt being made to infringe these laws ; but that, in case the expectation of the Government of the Union on this subject should be deceived, the President would think it his duty to use the power with which he is invested to cause them to be respected."

Bou Maza, the Arab prisoner, has petitioned for and obtained leave from the Emperor Napoleon to serve either with the irregular Turkish troops in Asia or with the Circassians. The Emperor promises arms, horses, and an outfit. On being informed that his petition was granted, the Arab burst into tears ; exclaiming that his greatest happiness would be to die for France and his latest cry would be Vive l'Empereur ! "— at least so the French journals report.

• Tuaxey.—The fate of Sllistria, and the operations of the allied fleets in the Black Sea, attract a good. deal of attention. The Russians have ap- peared in great force before Silistria : General Schilders has seventy cannon in position, ten of which are 64-pounders ; but it is not stated whether any siege operations have been begun on the right bank of the Danube. "On the 15th May, Marshal Paskiewitch, with his staff, crossed the Danube below Silistria, to reconnoitre. On the 16th, terms of capitulation were offered to Mussa Pasha, the commander of the fortress and the bombardment was suspended. On the 17th, Mussa Pasha rejected all terms' and on the same day the bombard- ment was renewed. On the 18th, Marshal Paskiewitch had his head- quarters at Kalarascb." Such is the story which came direct from Vienna, dated Wednesday. At the same time, we are informed that General Liiders has succeeded in turning—another account says in taking—the Turkish position at Rassova, and in forcing the pass between that place and Sllistria. These latter statements are open to doubt. While this forward movement of the enemy is announced, flying reports would lead to the belief that _the Russians do not feel altogether secure. "Russian munitions of war have been removed from Folksehani to Berle; farther North in Moldavia " ; and reinforcements halt on the left bank of the Sereth. But the main positions of the opposing armies are still the same. Various reports state that the Wallachians have made Several attempts to fire the Russian stores at Follischani and other places. The Moneteur publishes a letter from Admiral Hamelin, dated "before Sebastopol, May 1." Off Eupatoria, on the 28th April, the Caton and Furious were ordered to explore the bay at the South of that town; and in doing so, the Caton captured three prizes, and the Furious one. On the morning of the same day, the Descartes fell in with an English brig which had been captured the previous evening by a Russian frigate, and hastily abandoned on the arrival of the squadrons. On the 29th, the combined fleets sailed for Sebastopol, and lay to there, giving the Rus- sians an opportunity of coming out if they pleased to engage them; an offer which was not accepted. Some of the steamers bore in to the en- trance of the port, and made out that there were twelve ships of the line, three sailing frigate; and a large number of steamers, chiefly of small dimensions. Russian prisoners estimate the steamers at twenty-six, and the ships of the line at fourteen—two in bad condition.

Another letter from the French Admiral, of May 5, informs the Mi- nister of Marine, that the Agamemnon, the Charlemagne, five English and two French steamers, the whole under Sir Edmund Lyons, sailed on the evening of that day for the coast of Oixeeesis, to attack and destroy the Russian establishments and ship; and to open communications with the Circassians, and particularly with Schamyl. Seventeen ships of the allied fleets remained before SehastopoL The Journal d' Odessa states, on the 12th of May, that the Tiger, of 1275 tons burden, and mounting 16 guns, which stranded at seven wersts from Odessa, was forced to surrender before the Vesuvius and Niger could coins to her assistance. Her commander, Captain Giffard, lost one leg, a midshipMan both, and five men were wounded. Two hundred and twenty-six prisoners were taken. The Russians had two officers wounded and two soldiers killed. As the vessel could not be removed, she was set on fire, and gunk the same day. Some of her guns were taken as trophies to Odessa.

The Vienna Presse tells the story differently, on the authority of "di- rect accounts" from Odessa. The writer says, the Tiger was driven by stress of weather into the roadstead of Odessa ; that she hoisted a signal of distress ; to which the Russians replied by red-hot shot, until she caught fire. The Wanderer, on -the authority of letters from Lemberg of the 17th and 18th inetant, states that seven English steamers had ap- peared before Odessa, and demanded the restitution of the prisoners cap- tured in the Tiger. General Osten-Sacken replied, that "they had only to come and fetch them." -Upon this the steamers began to bombard "the town" of Odessa. The writer says that when the letter was posted the bombardment had continued six hours.

A telegraphic despatch from Marseilles, dated Thursday, says that ac- cording to accounts from Constantinople of the Lfith May, the 'Russians have abandoned the seaboard of Circassia from Batoum to Anapa. "They burned all their forts, and retired to Kutais in the interior. The Cir- eassians came down from the mountains, and took possession of all the posts which the Russians had occupied ; making prisoners of 1500 men, 'whom they surprised at Soukum-Kaleh. The Cireaasians had proclaimed a Provisional Government, under the presidency of a brother-in-law of Sehamyl." [Many letters, Of the same date as these alleged accounts front Constantinople, make no mention of any such events.] A letter from a private soldier in one of the regiments at Boulair, to his sister, dated May 9, complains of the heavy postage Is. 4d. per letter, as a reason for not writing earlier. The weather had been wet and the rain came through the tents " almost like a fine colander." Hard, too, had been the work of digging trenches and throwing up batteries on the muddy ground : but he says, " thanks and praise be to God, we have most excellent health." He is astonished, that notwithstanding the con- stant change in the climate—wet, cold, heat—" all are well: But the chief aim of some of the men seemed to be " to get as much of the very bad drinks that are here as they can "; and he predicts that many will meet the enemy confirmed drunkards. He says that the great complaint is, "that the Government at home does not send out suitable provisions"; no warm drink, such as tea or coffee, no milk, nothing but , a pound of beef and a pound of bread " a day. "England," he adds, " is both un- kind and ungrateful to its army - they know their wants, still they will not alleviate them in the least. 'But as we are healthy and well, we will not complain ; but on the other hand, should sickness break out among us, the fault would rest upon the backs of them who might make things far different if they would."

It is probable that by this time an Anglo-French division is at Adrian- ople. Quarters and provisions had been provided there for a large num- ber of men as early as the 11th May.

General Cannon, a volunteer serving in the Turkish army, passed through Varna on the 7th instant, on his way to Constantinople, com- missioned by Omar Pasha to carry letters of welcome to the Duke of Cambridge, Prince Napoleon, Lord Raglan, and Marshal St. Arnaud. He has since arrived at Constantinople, and has presented his letters. The Sultan gave a grand banquet, on the 8th, in honour of Prince Na- poleon. The health of the Emperor of the French was proposed by the Grand Vizier, and that of the Sultan by the Prince.

The ratifications of the triple alliance were exchanged on the 8th be- tween the Ministers of France, England, and Turkey.

GRR2LANY.—Aceording to a telegraphic despatch from Paris, the Con- ference at Vienna has again assembled, and has drawn up a new protocol. By this protocol, it is said, the Four Powers fully "recognize and adopt" the treaties concluded between France and England, and Austria and Prussia, respectively.

Count Alvensleben and M. Von der Tann, on a mission from Berlin, have had an audience of the Emperor of Austria, at Vienna. What the object of their mission may be is only guessed at. By some it is said to refer to new conditions of peace offered through Berlin; • by others that it refers to the recent Austro-Prussian treaty; and that the King of Prussia desires to modify that document.

The minor German Powers, with Bavaria at their head, are to hold a conference at Bamberg, with the view of securing a vote in the Bund pledging Germany to the observance of strict neutrality. The offensive and defensive treaty between Austria and Prussia has been published. It opens with a recital of the motives which haveled the two powers to unite during the existence of the war. The King of Prussia and the Emperor of Austria express their profound regret at the fruitlessness of their efforts to prevent the outbreak of war, and are led to unite in consideration of the moral obligations of the last Vienna pro- tocol, and the constant augmentation of military measures on both sides. The main provisions of the treaty are these. The parties to it guarantee to each other the possession of their German and non-German territories; they bind themselves to safeguard German interests in case one should be obliged to act ; to hold a force prepared for war' to invite all the German states to enter the alliance ; and declare that neither will con- clude any separate treaty not in harmony with this treaty. An "addi- tional article" and a "single article" are added. The former states that the two powers regard the prolongation of the occupation of the Princi- palities as dangerous for Germany ; that they desire not to participate in the war, and at the same time to aid in the reestablishment of peace. "They especially consider the explanations recently given by the Court of St Petersburg, at Berlin, whereby Russia appears to consider the original cause of occupying the Principalities as set aside by the concessions now made to, and in many respects carried out in favour of, the Porte's Chris- tian subjects, as a powerful element of pacification which they could only deeply deplore were they to see it deprived of further practical in fluence.' They trust the reply to certain Prussian propositions trans- mitted on the 8th would offer the required security for the withdrawal of the Russian troops.

The "single article" binds the Emperor of Austria to make propo- sitions for the suspension of any further advance of the Russian troops, and to obtain securities for their speedy evacuation of the Principalities ; and the King of Prussia to support them. Should the replies afford no hope of compliance, then one of the Powers will adopt measures to obtain the same. "Au offensive action on the part of both would, however, be first occasioned by the incorporation of the Principalities, or through an attack or passage of the Balkan on the part of Russia." Austria would seem to be preparing for great military movements. A large number of promotions has recently been made ; and the march of troops for the North-eastern frontier is described as incessant. On the 15th of May, the Emperor Francis Joseph addressed the following letter to the Minister of the Interior— "Dear Baron von Bach—The threatening appearance of things in general, the powerful bodies of troops which, in consequence of the Oriental difference, have been put in movement on the frontiers of my empire, and in particular the fact that a great concentration of troops is taking place on my Northern and Eastern frontiers, make precautionary measures advisable for securing the empire against all contingencies, and at the same time for defending, III the fullest sense of the word, the interests of the empire, which are seriously perilled by the present deplorable conflict, and for maintaining the position of Austria in Europe.

"These considerations have induced me to order the forces in the North- eastern and South-eastern provinces of the empire to be reinforced; and I therefore find it necessary to order a new levy of 95,000 men.

"At the same time that I desire -you to enter into immediate communica- tion with my Supreme Army Commando on this matter, I must express my conviction that my faithful subjecta will, in the execution of this measure, and of all such as may be by me ordained for the security of the empire and for the maintenance of ita honour and interests, again display the self- sacrificing readiness and true patriotic feeling which they have at all times anauireoktd."

The Austrian balance-sheet has been published. The receipts for 1853 were 237,136,993 florins, which is 10,771,885 florins more than in the preceding year. The expenditure in 1853 was 293,960,628 florins, which is 14,148,189 florins more than in the preceding year. The total deficit for 1853 is 56,823,635 florins, or 3,376,304 florins more than in 1852. The arrears of taxes up to the end of October 1853 were 25,000,000 florins. The expenses of the Court were 6,760,292 florins, or 809,801 florins greater than in 1852. In the department for Foreign Affairs there was no great difference ; but in the Home Department there ap- pears an increase in the expenditure to the amount of 3,026,991 florins. The police also figures for 1,111,506 florins more than it did in 1852. The army cost 111,967,916 florins, which is 1,124,595 florins more than in 1852. The expenses of the Finance Department were 26,049,176 florins, or 897,093 florins more than in 1852. The Bavarian Government is understood to be doing its utmost to save the King of Greece from the consequence of his conduct in reference to Turkey. It is remarked that the Bavarian troops who have served their time, and ought at once to fall, back into the reserve, are retained in the line.

A telegraphic despatch from Carlsruhe states that a criminal prosecu- tion has been instituted against the Archbishop of Freiburg, so notorious for his hostility to the civil government.

Rum/L.—An Imperial ukase, dated May 9, calls out nine men out of every thousand souls of the "eleventh ordinary partial levy in the Eastern portion of the empire" ; and independently of this, three recruits out of every thousand souls to bring up arrears, the Jews furnishing ten men out of a thousand. The levy will commence on the 15th July, and end on the 15th August : it forestalls the ordinary levy.

A private letter from "a Russian lady in high rank," to a friend in Paris, states that Count.Nesselrode has been hissed, hooted, and menaced, in the streets of St. Petersburg. He is accused of being the cause of the war, and of not having taken sufficient care to provide against its casualties. The lady mentions the fact with regret as a sign of future troubles. All accounts agree in asserting that the suspension of trade and the enhanced price of provisions have caused much fermentation in the Russian capital. The Russian Government has prohibited the exportation of corn, wheat excepted, from Poland to Cracow. This is regarded as a blow at Austria.

A letter from Captain Key of the Amphion to the British Consul at Me- mel formally notifies that Riga, Libau, and Windau, are in a state of strict blockade, commencing from the 15th May. The boats of one of the British ships had cut out several prizes from the harbour at Windau.

GREECE.—Matters are coming to a climax with regard to the relations of the Western Powers with the Government of Greece. According to the Trieste Zeitung, and to letters from Athens, an ultimatum has been addressed to the Greek Government demanding a strict observance of neutrality; the punishment of all those who have joined the rebels, the recall of the military officers acting with the rebels, and a declaration that those who have resigned shall not be readmitted into the public ser- vice. If these demands were not complied with by the 22d, the throne to be declared vacant, and a new Government established.

General Kalergi, who is said to have prophesied the failure of the movement, has had a long interview with King Otho.

The war-ships of all nations are engaged in chasing, capturing, and sinking the pirates in the Archipelago. The French steamer Gomer has carried some pirate ships into Rhodes.

The three Generals sent by the Greek Government to the frontiers are said to have carried with them a large sum of money-600,000 drachmas —supposed to be a Russian subsidy. A band of Greek adventurers, headed by Shami liaratasso, aide-de-camp to King Otho, has invaded Macedonia. The track is marked by brigandage sand violence. A letter in the Moniker reports that "they are said to have burnt alive 150 Turks, men, women, and children, who at their approach had taken re- fuge in a church."

MONTENEGB0.—Princo -Daniel of Montenegro has addressed a mani- festo to the Christians of the Herzegovina, commencing—" We Daniel I, Prince of Montenegro, send our fraternal salutation to all the Christians in the Herzegovina." He informs them, that they have doubtless heard how the Emperor of Russia, their father and protector, not for his own advantage, but once for all to free the unfortunate Christians from the Ottoman yoke, is waging war against the Sultan, and how the Greeks have risen up against their tyrants ; and he proclaims to theta and to the Servians, that the day is come for a general insurrection, and that he will assist them, with gold, ammunition, provisions, and true brotherly feeling, if they will fight against the Turks. They are re- minded, with fierce rhetoric, of the wrongs of four centuries which they have endured, and informed that the last hour of their oppressors has come.

Srarn.—Queen Isabella had, it seems, consented to the Ministerial proposal for a forced loan of 180,000,000 real; at 12 per cent. Some- thing like a third of this total, it was assumed, would be taken by capi- talists; and the remainder would have to be supplied by certain classes, especially by traders and manufacturers. The latest intelligence from Madrid, however, is to the effect that the opposition to the forced loan had brought about a Ministerial crisis ; the nature of which is not ex- plained. It is said the Queen has changed her mind about the loan. A squadron now fitting out at Cadiz is intended for service on the coasts of Cuba. It will not sail until July, and will take out a portion of the 6000 troops destined for the West Indies.

Ponruom..—The Portuguese Government has issued a decree, duly prefaced by a Ministerial report, announcing that absolute neutrality will be observed by Portugal with respect to the powers that are actually en- gaged in war ; and prohibiting the fitting out of privateers in Portuguese harbours, or the entrance of privateers and prizes into those harbours, ex- cept in cases of necessity. This decree is dated the 6th May. A Russian envoy had already arrived in Lisbon, incognito.

ITALY.—Tho National Guards of the districts round Spezzia have ar- rested several refugees making their way into Tuscany ; and have seized three hundred muskets and double-barrelled carbines. The Austrians have reinforced the garrison of Masse, and the Sardinian troops are set to watch the coast about Lavenza.

Poerio has been subjected to fresh persecutions. About sixty miles South of Naples stands the prison of Montefusco repaired expressly to

receive the political prisoners of 1848. In five small chambers of that contrary, doubts have been thrown upon its accuracy..

edifice there are sixty persons confined, chiefly gentlemen of fortune and members of the learned professions. The room in which Poerio wears out existence is guarded by a soldier, who opens one window every half- hour night and day, and reports the safety of his prisoner. Another window is always open, so that the prisoners are perpetually exposed to the cold. The soldiers are rewarded for reporting what they hear or say they hear ; and recently, on the information of one of these worthies, that a piece of paper had been thrown out of the window suggesting the poisoning of the soldiers, all the prisoners were chained to the wall by- way of punishment : this was continued for some time. Recently, several men accused of belonging to a secret society were put on their trial, as it is called, at Portenza, before Judges sent from Naples. The public .prosecutor considered that eight were guilty, and demanded sentence of death against three. The Judges sentenced ten to death, and four to heavy imprisonments. The Judges gain Court favour by surpassing the Crown prosecutor in severity.

CANADA.—A meeting was held at Montreal on the 4th instant, to ex- press sympathy with the allies in their contest with Russia. The reso- lutions say that it is the "duty of the citizens of Montreal to express to- her Majesty the assurance of their cordial and united support" in the contest ; and that while they appreciate the blessings of tranquillity, they will "at all times be ready to repel foreign and unprovoked aggression upon that portion of her Majesty's dominion; and with the utmost of their power maintain the tranquillity that now reigns throughout the province.

INDIA AND CHILL—The telegraphic despatches containing the sum- mary of the news on its way by the overland mail arrived in the middle- of the week. The latest dates are Bombay 28th April ; Hongkong 12th March ; Melbourne 24th March.

"The Ganges Canal was opened on the 8th of April. "It is asserted that Russia has concluded treaties with Persia, Bokhara, and Khiva. The articles of the treaty between Russia and Khiva are- ' The friends and enemies of the one state are to be the friends and enemies of the other. Russia will not interfere with the dominions of the Khan of Khiva. A Russian Ambassador is to reside at Khiva. A subsidiary force is to be kept at Khiva of 10,000 horsemen, officered and paid by Russia. Russian, Persian, Bokharan, and Affghan slaves now in Khiva, are to be re- leased on payment of their full value. Russia is to build cantonments, and to maintain a force for twenty years within the Khivan frontier.' Dost Ma- homed demands as the price of his alliance 5000 Russian troops and the ne- cessary funds to recover Peshawar.

"The patriot army in China is advancing towards Pekin. The Ameri- cans have established friendly relations with the Japanese.

"From Australia we learn that several large masses of gold have been dug up at Ballarat, and the yield of the gold-diggings is inereasin' g. "Business at Sydney is dull, and the market overstocked. Gold is in advance of the standard price. Prices of wool were advancing. Tallow had- risen 4s, per hundredweight."