THE WAR IN ITALY.

Intelligence of the first serious combat in Italy reached London late on Saturday, in a brief telegram. On Monday information of a more intelligible kind came to hand, and further details have arrived from day to day. The narrative of the action is still far from clear. The Allies having extended their right to Voghera in the direction of Stradella, General Gyulai despatched Stadion's corps from Mortara on the 17th, with instructions to cross the Po and ascertain the strength of the Allied right. In the absence of French cavalry a body of Sardinian horse under General de Sonnaz had been employed to cover the right, and they occupied Casteggio as their head-quarters. Count Stadion, on the morning of the 20th May, moved a part of his corps from Stradell& up the main road. The French reports estimate this force at 15,000 men. They had guns with them, but we hear nothing of cavalry. Seeing this force approach De Sonnaz warned General Forey, who commanded at Voghera the 1st Division of the 1st Corps under Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliera. Pony, according to his own account, hastily marched out with two regiments, or 5000, each regiment having two bat- talions. In the mean time, the Sardinians, driven out of Casteggio, re- tired skirmishing along the main road to Montebello, and passing through this village, joined the French on the rivulet of Fossagazzo. The Austrians, having left a strong reserve at Casteggio, had occupied Montebello, and had pushed an advanced party as far as the village of Ginestrello. Here the skirmishers on both sides came to blows. Pro- tecting his left by one battalion and the Fiedmontese horse, General Forey, reinforced by. three fresh battalions, moved by his right upon Ginestrello and carried the position after a stout resistance. It should be observed that as the French were within an hour's march of strong supports they must have constantly received fresh accessions of numbers. After taking Ginestrello, Forey, still strengthening his right, sent the guns and cavalry down the road, while he kept his infantry on the hills. Thence he assailed Montebello. The Austrians were strongly posted, and by no means averse from fighting. The combat was hand to hand in the houses and streets, with alternations of fortune. At the church- yard occupied by Tyrolese riflemen, there was deadly strife. "The churchyard, which is placed on a gentle slope just outside the town, and is surrounded by a high wall, was held by a couple of hundred Tyro- lese chasseurs, supported by two field pieces ; the debris of the 74th, the 84th, and a company of Chasseurs, commanded by Generals Beuret and Forey, attempted to storm it, and swarmed up to the low wall, despite the fire of the Jagars, every one of whose shots appear to tell, but, arrived at the top, the men wavered and fell back. Three times they renewed the attempt, but each time they were repulsed with frightful loss. General

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Beuret, n attempting to rally them, moved from the rear, which is the place assigned on such occasions to field officers, to the front, and was leading his men up the slope a second time when he was shot right between the eyes, and never moved afterwards. The men fell back in disorder, upon which General Forey, with more gallantry than discretion, rushed to the front and took Bermes place one shot shivered his scabbard and struck his leg, and another tore off a part of his thick epaulette. Had the Austrians then made a sally they could easily have destroyed or captured the whole of the assail- ants, but at that lucky moment a reinforcement came up, and after a stout contest the churchyard was cleared, and all in it who were not killed, wounded, or prisoners, fell back on their main body.'.'

The reinforcement which came up was the division of General Bazaine, In the face of these increasing numbers the Austrians slowly retired, harrassed in their retreat by the French skirmishers and the Piedmontese horse; but the latter, in their saddles all day, had been too roughly handled to make any impression. The French General did not deem it prudent to order a pursuit, whence we may infer that there was a strong reserve force at Casteggio.

It is admitted- on all sides that both French, Austrians, and Sar- dinians fought well, and the fact that the Austrians moved off in good order, and unmolested speaks volumes for them. The Piedmontese horse- men showed their mettle they lost a good soldier in Colonel Morelli ; they proved the dash and skill of their leader Sonnaz.

The Austrians retired through Casteggio to Casatisma, and, it is said, thence across the Po to Vaccarizza by the bridge of Stella. The French loss is estimated at from 600 to 700, the Austrian loss at 2000—by the French. Private report augments the French loss mid diminishes that of the enemy. The combat lasted six liours. We append the despatch sent by the Emperor to the Empress and posted on the Bourse ; the despatch of General Percy to Marshal Bare- guay d'Hilliers, and the Austrian telegraphic despatches.

The Emperor to the Empress.

" Aleasandria, Saturday, May 21. "A body of Austrians, about 15,000 strong, attacked the advanced posts of the corps under Marshal Baraguav d'ililhers, but were repulsed by Gene- ral Forey's division, which behaved admirably, and cleared the village of Montebello of the enemy after an obstinate fight of four hours. The Pied- montese cavalry, commanded by General Sonnaz, fought with extraordinary energy. Two hundred prisoners were taken, including one colonel. The loss on the French side amounts to 500 killed and wounded. The Austrians have been retreating since yesterday evening."

General Forey's Despatch.

"Voghera, May 20, 1859, Midnight. "Monsieur le Markhal—I have the honour of giving you an account of the battle fought this day by my division. "Being informed, at half-past twelve this afternoon, that a strong Aus- trian column, with artillery, had occupied Casteggio, and driven back from Montebello the outstanding pickets of Piedmontese cavalry, I immediately hastened up to the front, by the Montebello road, with two battalions of the 74th, destined to relieve two battalions of the 84th cantoned along this road in front of Voghera, on the Madura eminence. "Meanwhile, the rest of my division took up arms, and a battery of ar- tillery (the 6th of the 8th regiment) marched at its head. "Arriving at the bridge thrown across the brook called Fossagazzo, the extreme limit of our front posts, I caused a section of artillery to be placed in battery, supported on the right and left by two battalions of the 84th, lining the brook with their sharpshooters. "During this time the enemy had pushed on from Montebello to Gine- strello, and, having been informed that he was coming against me in two columns, one by the high road, the other along the tramway, I ordered the left battalion of the 74th to cover the causeway at Cascina Nueva, and the other battalion to advance along the right of the road, behind the - 84th.

"This movement was hardly over when a brisk fire along the whole line was opened between our sharpshooters and those of the enemy, who was marching upon us, and supporting his sharpshooters by the heads of the columns issuing from Ginestrello. The artillery opened lire upon them suc- cessfully; the enemy replying to it. "I then ordered my right to move up to the front. The enemy retired before the ardour of our troops ; but perceiving that I had only one batta- lion to the left of the road, he sent a strong column against it. Thanks to the vigour and firmness of this battalion, commanded by Colonel Cambriels, and to some fortunate charges of the Piedmontese cavalry, admirably led on by General de Sonnaz, the Austrians were obliged to retire. "At this moment, General Blanchard, followed by the 98th and a batta- lion of the 91st, (the two others were at Oriole, where they have had an en- gagement,) rejoined me, and received orders to proceed to the relief of the battalion, of the 74th, charged with the defence of the tramway, and to take up a strong position at Cascina Nueva. Reassured on this side, I again threw forward my right, and took, not without serious resistance, the position of Ginestrello. Judging, then, that by following with the bulk of the infantry the line of hill-tops, and the road with my artillery protected by the Piedmontese cavalry, I should the more easily capture Montebello, I organized my columns of attack under General Beuret's command, in this way. "The 17th battalion of chasseurs, supported by the 84th and 74th, dis- posed inechelons moved on towards the South side of Montebello, where the enemy had intrenched himself. "A hand-to-hand combat then ensued in the streets of the village, which had to be carried house after house. It was during this fight that General Beuret was mortally wounded by my side. "After an obstinate resistance, the Austrians were forced to yield to the vigour of our troops, and although strongly intrenched in the churchyard, this position they saw snatched from them at the point of the bayonet, amid cries of Vive l'Empereur !' a thousand times repeated. "It was then half-past six. I deemed it prudent not to push the success of the day any further, and halted my troops behind the rising ground on which the churchyard is situated, covering the brow with four guns and numerous sharpshooters, who drove back the last Austrian columns into Casteggio. "Shortly after this I saw the Austrian columns evacuate Casteggio, leav- ing in it a rear-guard, and they retired along the Casatisma road. "I cannot adequately praise, M. le Marechal, the energy of our troops this day; all the officers, petty officers, and soldiers have rivalled each other in ardour. Nor will I forget the officers of my staff, who have ably assisted me.

"I shall have the honour of addressing to you later the names of those who have particularly distinguished themselves. "I do not yet know the exact amount of our loss it is great, especially in superior officers. I estimate it approximatively at 600 or 700 men, killed or wounded.

"The loss of the enemy must have been considerable, to judge by the number of the dead that have been found, especially in the village of -Mon- tebello.

"We have made about 200 prisoners, amongst whom are a Colonel and several officers.

"Several tumbrils have also fallen into our possession.

"As for myself, Monsieur le Marechal, I am happy that my division has been the first engaged with the enemy. This glorious baptism, which re- calls one of the great names of the Empire, will mark, I hope, one of the series signalized in the Emperor's order of the day.

"I am, with respect, Monsieur le Marechal, your most humble and obedient servant, the General commanding the 1st Division of the 1st Corps,

" FOREY.

"P.8.—According to information brought to me from every side, the force of the enemy cannot be below fifteen to eighteen thousand men ; and if I were to believe the reports of the prisoners, it would far exceed this amount."

Austrian Accounts.

"On the 20th instant General Stadion pushed forward a reconnaissance by a forced march towards Teglio and Montebello' but after a hot fight with a French force of superior strength retreated behind the Po."-0,ficial Bulletin.

"Vienna, May 26. "The official Wiener Zeitung publishes General Gyulai's report to the Emperor of the details of the affair at Montebello :—Wounded, 718; killed, 290; missing, 283. The enemy numbered 40,000 men, but abstained from all pursuit. The Emperor has addressed to General Gyulai an autograph letter, expressing to him and the troops in general his Majesty's thanks for their remarkable valour. The letter also directs a list of all the killed and wounded to be drawn up, in order that their names may be made known in their respective homes. General Gyulai's published report of the affair at Montebello has made a most desirable impression on the public here. The

number of the enemy being 40,000, the bravery of our troops is so much the more esteemed."—Telegram. The wounded Austrian prisoners were taken to Voghera with the French wounded, and there the Emperor visited them on the 21st. The prisoners were sent to France. On the 21st Cialdini crossed the Scala in two columns, one on the left near Albano, the other on the right of Vercelli. They met and overthrew the Austrian outposts, and united at Borgo Vercelli. The Austrians fell back on their supports at Orfengo, and advancing, com- pelled Cialdini to recross the river. Attempting another inroad they were checked by the Austrians in force at Palestro. Garibaldi has crossed the Ticino with his free corps en route to Leven° and the Swiss frontier. His object cannot be doubted. It is to raise an insurrection on the right flank of the Austrians and carry on a partizan war among the mountains. The Austrians say they have taken pre- cautions against him. The Austrian head-quarters are at Uarlasco.

Later telegrams, from Berne, report some successes gained by Gari- baldi in the mountain region on the cast of the Lego Maggiore. Gari- baldi is said to have a band of 10,000, but no cavalry or artillery.

The Emperor went, on Wednesday, to Vercelli, accompanied by Gene- ral Vaillant and General La Mamoru.

Cambriels, of the 74th, who behaved gallantly at Montebello, has suc- ceeded to the command of Beuret's brigade.

Prince Napoleon has landed in Tuscany as leader of the 5th Corps d'Armee. Ho has issued this address.

" May 23.

" The Emperor sends use to your country, at the demand of your repre-

sentatives, to support the war against our enemies, the oppressors of Italy. My mission is exclusively military—I am not to occupy myself, nor will I occupy myself, with your internal organization. Napoleon III, has de- clared that he feels but one ambition, that of accomplishing the triumph of the sacred cause of the emancipation of a people, and that he never will be influenced by family interests. He has declared that the sole object of France, satisfied with her power, is to have at her frontiers a friendly nation which will owe to her its regeneration. If the Almighty protects us, and grants us the victory, Italy will constitute herself freely, and in taking her place among nations she will consolidate the balance of power in Europe. Recollect that there is no sacrifice too great when independence is to be the price of your efforts, and demonstrate to the world by your union and by your moderation, as much as by your energy, that you are worthy of being free.

"The Prince commanding the 5th Corps of the Army of Italy,

" NAPOLEON (JEROME)."

It is supposed by some that this portends a movement by Modena upon Brescello. It is stated that the Austrians have quitted Modena, and have prepared to defend the passage of Breseello.

A traveller who has just crossed the Alps by Mont Cenis, writes to the Times from Susa and Turin, under date May 17 and 19, and supplies some extremely interesting facts.

"What struck me much more forcibly than the march of troops, which,

on this side at least, may be said to be at an end, was the rush of French volunteers to the scene of action. I had them in my company, men of all ranks and conditions, in every class of railway waggons in every train, Pa- risians many of them. St. Antoine and St. Honore equally emptied them- selves of their inmates. A few of them were my constant companions all the way from Macon—men who had the inevitable 'Be' to the names on their cards, and were certainly not without the manners and cultivation of French gentlemen. They were free and easy in their talk, full of love of glory and adventure, with golden visions of epaulets and smiling Italian beauties, but, above all things, of inextinguishable rancour against— not Austria, but England and the English. One of them, the best of the lot, a viscount, was joining the Piedmontesc army, and intended to enter the military school at Ivrea. There was also a band of a hundred rather noisy ragamuffins, without either the size, age, or strength for mili- tary service, half French, half Italians, under the orders of a Tuscan, who came to embarrass the Sardinian war ministry, to what purpose it is not easy to make out. So it goes on daily. I am told all France is going Southward. After the regular army, we have a second host in the rough to fill tip the ranks as soon as they may be thinned by the casualties of war. Were it not for the contingency of meeting Germany, no less than Austria, on the field, Italy might be said to be overwhelmed by the help she was under necessity to invoke. But it seems very plain that every one is preparing for an ex- terminating war of races, and there is every probability that the Lombard plain was never enriched with so many thousand Gallic and teutonic corpses as it will be at this terrible juncture. I can speak for the whole French race having at once become possessed with the evil spirit of destruction ; and I hear corresponding feelings spring up everywhere between the Rhine and the Vistula. Both hereditary foes are at their place in the old battle-field, and the only new phenomenon is an Italian army, and a nation, with a King at their head, resolved to be up and doing, and very firmly hoping that destiny has bettor things in store for them than that of allotting them a helpless prey to the conqueror."

Piedmont, he says, swarms with Polish and Magyar adventurers, who "tell portentous things" of the inroad they have made upon thg alle- giance of the troops under Gyulai. Klapka, at Genoa, had had frequent interviews with Prince Napoleon. "There is a thick plot afoot for dis- organizing the Hungarian army in the Austrian service." Setting aside my private opinion, which would be of no worth what-

ever, I must assure you that nothing more grieves and offends the honest and earnest Italian patriots, whom I everywhere meet, than the slightest hint of a doubt as to the purity and sincerity of Napoleon's intentions. No reference to past transactions or present appearances avails with them. Na- poleon, they think, is perfectly honourable, utterly disinterested in his views. He wishes to drive the Austrians out of all Italy, and join Lom- bardy and Venice with Piedmont in one great Northern kingdom. He has no designs on Central Italy for his cousin, no afterthought as to Naples in behalf of the heirs of Murat. Ho wishes for no land for himself, no crowns for his dynasty. The liberation of Italy is too noble a task to be sullied by sordid selfish considerations. Such perfect faith, you will allow, is beauti- ful to witness, and may work wonders Thoughts of peace, however, even if they flash across the mind of some of the far-seeing people, are no hinderance to the universal mustering for war. If the Italians trust the French and their leader, there is no doubt but they also rely on them- selves. The whole Italian youth is rushing to arms ; and if Sardinia do not within three months number 200,000 of her own combatants, it will rather be from her want of means or capacity for organization than from any lack of materials to work upon. The volunteers are found among the people above rather than below the middle rank, as the abstract idea of pn- tionality has of course struck deeper roots among the thinking and feeling part of the community. The army finds its recruits among the salons of the Lombard and other Italian nobility. Nothifig can well be More

touching than to see the young and almost boyish, fine-featured, delicately framed riflemen or lancers, clad in the coarse cloth of mere privates, walk- ing arm-in-arm with their richly dressed mothers, or driving by their side in their eoronetted chariots, longing for the day which is to rid them of the tedious routine duties of the drilling depot, and send them forth as full-

grown soldiers ready for active service. . . . So far as they are able, and so far as they may be taught, it would seem the Italians are will- ing to fight for national existence ; but the most anxious minds among them are greatly in doubt whether they will have a chance for much dis- play of their goodwill, for the French bring so vast a force of trained troopa into the field that the regular army itself of the Piedmontese, to say nothing of their volunteers, will be utterly absorbed and lost by the juxtaposition. There are some who already complain that both their King and Govern- ment, their army and people, sink into insignificance by the crushing weight of importance naturally, and, perhaps, unwittingly assumed by their mighty French auxiliary. The Frenchman comes down as a mere second in Piedmont's death-duel with Austria, but it is impossible not to see that the force of circumstances compels him to take upon himself the part of principal. The King's Government, and Cavour especially, are not unmindful of their dignity, and some of their measures show consummate tact and ability. The Kings order of the day, dated May 17, from Occimi- ano, awarding medals to those who distinguished themselves in the outpost encounters and skirmishes of the last three weeks, has given universal satisfaction. . . . . The order of the day enacts that the medals awarded to some of the dead heroes should be given to their familie ,s together with the pension annexed to the distinction. The persons thus honoured, alive or dead, are forty-six."

Franco not only sends her troops, but also many of her tradesmen to Piedmont. Among others there arrived at Genoa, this week, seventy- five master-butchers, expedited by the Minister of War "pour organiser le service de in boucherie." It had been found that there was no manner of organization of this kind in Sardinia, and, consequently, no meat to be had for the army. "Thy manage these things &c." In consequence of a special order of the Emperor Napoleon to that effect, the dress of the troops of the in- fantry taking part in the Italian campaign, has been ordered to be as follows. The soldiers of the line shall carry with them nothing but the kepi (cap), one jacket, one overcoat, one good pair of trowsers, two pair of shoes, and the sixth part of the tente-ubri—the whole of this equip- ment weighing less than ten pounds. Only the zouaves, the chasseurs pied, and the Algerian riflemen, are allowed half a blanket (demi-couver- ture) in addition, on account of their dress being of a thinner material than that of the other troops. The ordinary headdress—tsako, helmet, or whatever it may be—is in all cases, and even by the superior staff offi- cers' to be entirely suppressed, and the kepi to be worn instead. To set a good example towards inaugurating this latter fashion, the Emperor himself has taken to wearing the latter headdress.

According to a Paris journal, the war in Italy costs France rather more than three million francs (120,000/. sterling) aday.

The rifle cannons made of steel, which Herr Krupp of Essen, the famous manufacturer of " Guss-stahl,"—exhibited for the first time, and rewarded with a gold medal, in the London Exhibition of 1851—has constructed for the Emperor Napoleon, were tried practically in Pied- mont, in the course of last week. They were planted, in the neighbour- hood of Casale, at 2600 metres (about 2820 yards) distance from a blockhouse occupied by a company of Austrian troops, and so great was the precision of the new arm that every shot fell into the building, which in less than ten minutes was totally destroyed, with a severe loss to the enemy. Likewise, during the late Battle of Montebello, an Austrian regiment was cut up most terribly by the same guns. This latter fact is stated by a correspondent of the Independence Beige writing from Voghera.

The same writer denies the often-stated fact, that the Austrians have committed brutal ravages in the towns and villages of Piedmont which they occupied. "A mon avis," he says, " us n'ont fait qu'user du droit de la guerre, qui autorise parfaitement it vivre en pays ennemi. Mon avis est portage par tout le monde ici. Ii eat certain que si nous avions fait chose pareille en Autriche, nous n'y verrions pas grand mal." This statement is the more important, as the writer is a French officer. The French papers state, that after so many regiments have been withdrawn from Algeria, there are still 30,000 infantry and 12,000 ca- valry remaining in the colony.

From the same source we learn that the Imperial army actually ar- rived in Italy amounts at present to more than 200,000 men. On the other side, the forces of Austrians are stated to be, by a correspondent of the Nord, as follows-7000 men at Ancona, 4000 at Ferrara, 15,000 at Venice, 1000 at Legnago, 4000 at Mantua, 6000 at Verona, 2000 at Peschiera, 5000 at Plaisance, and 25,000 between Milan, Brescia, Ber- gamo, and the other places of the district. The effective strength of the main corps of the Austrian army under Count Gyulai is estimated at 130,000 men.

The Vienna correspondent of the Inde'pendance Beige states that the Kaiser is going to leave for Italy on the 30th instant, accompanied by Generals Griinne, Keller de Kellerstein, and Schlitter. He further as- serts that the Imperial plan of campaign, drawn up by Colonel von Kuhn, has been approved at a Council of War held by his Majesty on the 12th of May. The Colonel von Kuhn, mentioned in this and in other reports, as an officer on whom the greatest hopes are founded, is still a young man, born in 1817. He was captain in a regiment of ar- tillery in 1848, and greatly distinguished himself in the battle of Santa Lucia and the taking of Milan, not only by his personal bravery, but by singularly skilful as well as successful plans laid before and accepted by General Radetzky.

We gather up .items of interesting and amusing news from various sources.

"A letter just received from Valenza bears testimony to the admirable qualities of the Tyrolese riflemen. It is said that they harass the French videttes and outposts incessantly. Day and night, it is said, their shots are whistling through the air. The ground on the other side of the Po affords thorn good cover, and they are ever on the watch. The other day, General Renault went out to reconnoitre, attended by his aide-de-camp, and fol- lowed by a trumpeter a few paces behind. the General thought himself beyond range, but while he was looking about him a sharp 'thug' was heard, and the poor trumpeter fell forward mortally wounded by a Tyrolese bullet in the loins. The General having discovered his error withdrew, and gave up his reconnaissance for that day.' —Times. "As we approach Casale' the spectacle becomes heartrending. The coun- try is everywhere beautiful, but there is no one to get in the crops ; there are neither farmers, nor peasants, nor shepherds, not a living soul in the plane in which the vine is spreading its green branches, and in which the wheat is waving. Farms are abandoned, villas deserted ; goats no longer graze in lanes or cows in meadows. From the empty houses, the furniture, and even the doors and windows, have been earned away ; rows of large mulberry-trees have been cut down at two or three feet from the soil, and are lying on the ground; and the trunks and branches serve as chevaux de frise. The scene is one of desolation in the midst of all the fertility and all the smiles of spring ! Three divisions of the Sardinian army, with cavalry and artillery, occupy Casale—in the streets, there are more soldiers than

civilians r visited the cathedral, which is very old and decrepit, but of which one corner has been repaired ; it was occupied by a battalion of Bersaglieri. Straw was spread on the floor, havresacks and cartridge-boxes were suspended to the pillars, and fires were lighted outside. Three other churches were transformed into barracks, and in one of them were 200

horses I visited the library of the town. It is a long room paved in mosaic, with the ceiling ornamented with frescoes. It contains high book-shelves filled with folios. The contrast between the silence it presented and the hubbub which has prevailed for the last week was very stnking. In a corner, at a table covered with large volumes, an old man was seated ; he was bald, of placid features, and appeared absorbed in taking notes from a book open before him. I glanced at the work, and read at the top of the page, • Epistoke Adriani Episcopi.' Happy man! who could occupy him- self with the letters of Adrian at three leagues from the Croats."—Corre- spondent of the Journal des Dibats.

"The Emperor of the French has just given King Victor Emmanuel a proof of his high esteem, by confiding to his command a corps of the French army, which will form the left wing, the Emperor himself commanding the right."—Salut

History will begin the account of the campaign against Austria by the announcement—Battle of Montebello, 20th May 1859, 2.500 against 12000." —Constitutionnel.

"As the Turin papers continue to assert that the Austrians levy heavy contributions of money, and of other things to sell again, I have taken the greatest pains to discover if there is the slightest foundation for this state- ment, and I can positively assure you that there is not. They have lived on the enemy's country to a great extent, but beyond mere necessaries they have demanding nothing. They have not even destroyed any stores which may be useful to the invader, and they have left the rice-fields inundated, when a few hours' work would have rendered the country barren, so far as that crop is concerned. Just beyond Vercelli Count Cavour has a large farm, well-stocked with cattle. The Austrians have spared this. Now, I think this one circumstance is a conclusive proof, both of the moderation and the discipline of the Austrian army The Sardinians circulate reports disadvantageous to the Austrians without inquiring into their truth. For instance, they accuse them of extorting 300,000 francs from Vercelli, and an immense quantity of leather. The Slide had this story, and I suppose the English papers, yet I am assured, and I believe most truly, that not one farthing has been demanded from any town. Indeed, the system of obtain- ing supplies is so carried on that such a thing could not happen. No indi- vidual is asked for anything. The municipality (comane) of each town or village is made answerable for all. To it are addressed all requisitions for whatever they may be, and these are made on printed officially stamped paper, and must be signed by a certain appointed person. The things re- quired are rations and forage and means of transport, the horses and carts in all cases being returned. The army lives on the enemy to a great extent, it is true, and such has been the system pursued by almost every army ; but there is no extortion of anything beyond the means of living. At Voghera, a large Government store was found, and of course taken. At Cascine di Stra, a few miles West of Vercelli, General Gablens took from an armed party in charge of them fifty bullocks. These were given to the munici- pality of Vercelli to lighten the burden on that town. This proves that only what is necessary is demanded."—Times Correspondent at the Austrian Head-quarters.

"The King of Sardinia rises every morning at three, and dines at one p.m., is almost the whole day in the saddle, visiting every place and seeing everything with his own eyes. Nor is his Minister at Turin behind his master in this respect; for some time past Count Cavour has given up re- turning to his own home at night, sleeping at his bureau, and going to bed at midnight to rise again at four; indeed, for several nights he has continued to work without cessation until morning. Surely one man's head can hardly be sufficient for such continued work, added to continued anxiety.—Letter from Turin.