15 FEBRUARY 1935

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* * Germany and the Air Pact The German reply

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to the Anglo-French proposals regarding an air pact to give new force to the Locarno Treaty ii4mmediately expected, and if it is in accordance both with rumour and with inherent...

OFFICES: 99 Gower St., London, W.C. 1. Tel. : MUSEUM

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1721. Entered as second -class Mail Matter at the New York, N.Y. Post Office, Dec. 23rd, 1896. Foetal subscription 308. per annum, to any part of the world. Postage on this...

Dictatorships Modified • The movements in the direction of something

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resembling a Parliamentary system in certain Eastern European countries hitherto under some form of dictator- ship has its significance. Turkey has just concluded its general,...

NEWS OF THE WEEK

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T HE alarmist rumours disseminated at the beginning of the week regarding Italian mobilization and an ultimatum to Abyssinia have fortunately no substance. There have been...

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January Unemployment

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The January unemployment figures invariably show A big rise over figures for the previous month owing to the influence of the seasonal decline in work after Christ- Inas and the...

The Caning of Girls Recent correspondence in The ■S`pectator has

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provoked many expressions of astonishment that the caning of girls by masters in publicly supported and controlled schools should be permissible at all. It quite definitely and...

Turkish Women in Parliament The most remarkable proof of the

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changes that have come over Turkey under the regime of Mustapha Kemal is the admission of women to the full franchise on equality with men (at the age of twenty-three), and to...

The Hauptmann Melodrama Bruno Richard Hauptmann may or may not

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have committed the crime of which a New Jersey jury has declared him guilty, but everyone who sets any kind of store by dignity and decency in the administration of justice must...

The Church and Road Deaths The debate on road accidents

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initiated by the Bishop of Ely in the Church Assembly was remarkable for the sure- ness of direction which kept it on precisely the ground on which such a body is qualified to...

Profits of the Post Office The vicious system of transferring

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the whole of the Post Office surplus to the Treasury was brought to an end in 1933. Under the new scheme, which came into operation for the year 1933-34, a fixed sum of...

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Back to the Darwin Bugbear There were strange echoes of

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nineteenth-century controversy and battles long ago in the meeting on Tuesday, at which Sir Ambrose Fleming denounced the teaching of the theory of evolution and man's kinship...

' * - * • There - has been a further

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fall in -Mr. -MacDonald's stock. His intervention on Friday morning in the matter of the allowances to the unemployed following on the demonstra- tions in Sheffield was really a...

Mr. Churchill fell below his usual standard in his presen-

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tation of the case against the Second Reading of the India Bill. Perhaps it was that the House expected too much. His speech was the culminating point of four years' continuous...

The Week in Parliament Our Parliamentary correspondent writes : The

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Opposi- tion thoroughly enjoyed themselves on Tuesday when the Bill to suspend the Unemployment Regulations was given a second reading. Government supporters sat in uneasy...

Mystery of the Red Star Liners - No spokesman of

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the Government has yet consented to give a full and intelligible statement of its reasons for preferring that the Red Star vessels should be bought and run by a German- company...

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INDIA'S ROLE IN ASIA " S LEEPING ASIA," said General Smuts

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in his speech at Capetown on Saturday, "is awakening, is stirring from one end to the other. Two-thirds of the human race are on the move." It was an accident, but in many...

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THE FIASCO OF THE UNEMPLOYMENT BOARD

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T HE defect which we saw to be inherent in the scheme of the Unemployment Act from the moment when it was first produced in November, 1933,, has proved its undoing. Seldom has...

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As an echo of a paragraph which appeared in this

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column a few weeks ago I have received from Nairobi a copy of a letter in the East African Standard of January 11th, from a correspondent who suggests that the fitting...

Anything more foolhardy_ than the suggestion—which the Minister of Transport

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actually says he is. considering —that car-drivers should be forbidden to sound their horns by day as well as night it would be difficult to conceive. The ban at night is...

If the Prime Minister should decide to give way to

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Mr. Baldwin—of which, it may be said, there is no visible sign—all Ministers would surrender their portfolios, and a general reconstruction of the Cabinet would be not merely...

A SPECTATOR'S NOTEBOOK %v im the air thick with every kind

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of rumour about Cabinet reconstruction it is as well to stick to the two or three hard facts of the situation. And the hardest of them is the now all-but universal insistence...

Sir John Simon, by the way, explained in the House

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on Wednesday what he meant by a phrase which perplexed me last week regarding "misleading statements about the official communique" issued after the Anglo-French conversations...

One writes with melancholy of Clifford Sharp, for his •

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death at 51 sets the seal on a life that failed to sustain its early promise. As the first and only editor of the New Statesman—his resignation synchronized with its expansion...

The peace-ballot has already established its right to be taken

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seriously, but I am astonished to learn that its organizers consider they have a reasonable prospect of polling some ten million votes. With the harvest-work only just beginning...

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THE SILVER JUBILEE

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A RRANGEMENTS for the celebration of King George's Silver Jubilee are well in. train. Details of the national thanksgiving service, the proceedings in Parliament, the pageant on...

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EDUCATION OF THE BODY

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By ERNEST MAJOR (Warden of the Carnegie Physical Training College, Leeds) A S a nation we cannot yet claim that we have de- veloped a scheme of physical . education which meets...

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PHYSICIAN OR PRIEST?

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By GEORGE GODWIN F ROM Brighton comes word of a miracle : one who was blind has been.made to see. That is the claim, and, it may be said at once, it is one no medical man. need...

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GIVE US BACK BILL SIKES By SEAN O'FAOLAIN C ALVINISTS should

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be, though I doubt if they are, the chief support of the detective story. Tor here; where the wicked are predestined to wickedness (and worldly ruin) and the good man from...

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SOUTH AFRICA AND THE EMPIRE

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By G. L. STEER W HEN Mr. Oswald Pirow, the South African Minister of Defence, expounded his country's defence policy to the Imperial Press Conference delegates last week, he...

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MY IDEAL HOME

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By YONE NOGUCHI W HEN I try to choose a spot for my ideal home, not far from Heaven and yet not far from town, Ichijoji Village, south and west of the Hiyei Mountain, comes to...

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MARGINAL COMMENTS

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By ROSE MACAULAY R ADIO television is upon us, and a very natural alarm . is being felt by those who fear that their neighbours will be able to focus the apparatus upon them at...

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STAGE AND SCREEN

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The Theatre "At 8 a.m." By Jan Fabricius. At the Embassy Theatre THE theme of this play—or the main theme, for it has two concurrent themes without any essential connexion with...

The Cinema

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" The Dictator." At the Tivoli This is the first film made by Toeplitz Productions, a new British company with Italian affiliations and plenty of money. No one should be led by...

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Music

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In the Cinema THE enormous progress in the reproduction of music, which has been achieved in the past few yeais, has not passed the Cinema by. Perfection may still be a long way...

Pr6sidence du Conseil [D'un correspondant franiais] DANS son numero du

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3 novembre 1983, he Spectator remarquait que les services franeais de la Presidence du Conseil ne dis- posaient d'aucune residence speciliquement reservee a leur activite. Notre...

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Inland Gulls It is, I think, unquestionable that many varieties

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of gull are increasing steadily. Why I do not know. The perpetual presence, outside the breeding season, of black-headed gulls (the special gull of London) in a number of inland...

COUNTRY LIFE

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Defacement by Roads A new road of a very modern sort is meditated across one of the most gorgeous scenes left in the Cumberland Lakes ; and some residents and visitors,...

Flowers are to play an important part in the Silver

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Jubilee ; and I doubt whether the Ministry of Agriculture has ever played the aesthete to more human purpose than in its scheme for London window-boxes. The Board of Works, the...

The Urban Owl A number of birds enjoy towns, often

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to our surprise. For example : I spent one night last week in a house in West Bromwich, just off the main road. It is a very urban spot, though it was rural not so long ago. The...

Jackdaw and Sparrow

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A naturalist motoring last week from Birmingham to Hereford struck a sparrow, and being humane stopped the ear to see whether the unfortunate bird was killed outright. As he got...

Gulls and Hare

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The experience of the jackdaw on the road is strange, but I heard, almost simultaneously, of a yet stranger example of "nature red in tooth and claw" from easterly England....

Fraternal Sepals

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Gardeners owe a new sort of debt to those most useful of roses, the Poulsens, whose trusses of flowers keep our gardens gay for month after month. Mr. Page, 'the honorary...

The Best Sweet Peas

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We have all our favourite flowers and varieties of flower. For myself the garden would be quite incomplete without the lavender variety of sweet pea, named Powerscourt, still...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

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[Correspondents are requested to keep their letters as brief as is reasonably possible. The most suitable length is that of one of our "News of the Week" paragraphs. Signed...

INDIA AND HOLLYWOOD [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—The problems of race and colour are the most serious that confront mankind today. They are so tremendous in their social and economic ramifications that many despair and...

[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—In his speech on the second reading of the new Housing Bill, the Minister of Health mentioned as one of the most difficult problems the case of the individual tenement...

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—It is refreshing to see that one schoolmaster has protested, even though half-heartedly, against the stupid and detestable practice of caning children in schools whatever...

SAINTS IN CONTROVERSY

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LT° the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] Sm,—No one would maintain that More's Responsio ad Lutherum was a pretty piece of work. Theological squabblers have often been notably...

THE UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE BOARD

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[To the Editor of TILE SPECTATOR.] Sia,—When the Unemployment Assistance Board was formed, the local Means Test Committee were told that their duties would probably end on...

THE CANING OF GIRLS

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[To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Whenever the beating of children in schools is discussed, sooner or later someone comforts himself—as "An Ordinary Schoolmaster" does in...

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[To the Editor of THE -SPECTATOR.] SIR,—There is one observation

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which I think should be made on both the statistics cited by Sir Arnold Wilson in his article on Capital Punishment in your issue of February 1st, and the use made of certain of...

BANK CUTS AND DIVIDENDS [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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• SIR,—Who would imagine, after reading the letter signed " M.A. (Oxon)," that the great Banks have not increased their dividends at all since 1914, either to make up for the...

THE FORTUNES OF COOKS [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—It seems somewhat improbable that anyone trained at the Eeole Polyteehnique, a college devoted to Civil Engineering, should afterwards embrace the profession of a cook, but...

THE DEATH PENALTY , [To the Editor of THE SPECTATOR.].

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have read with much interest the .thoughtful and very able articles and letters. in The Spectator regarding Capital Punishriaent. With reference to the sensational Press...

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IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LAKE DISTRICT [To the Editor of THE

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SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The local paper,, which provides weekly news of the, Lake District, contains, this : week, a .depressing record of the . "improvements" which, are planned , or...

THE OXFORD GROUPS IN NORWAY

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[To the Editor of THI'SPEcTA•roal SIB, —May I ask for a little space in which to supplement the interesting article on the Groups in Norway which appeared in your issue of...

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The Fate of Thorough

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By BONAM Y DOBRgE WHEN a state or society is being rapidly transfo;med, and in the seeming chaos proper to such a stage, it is natural that men should arise who, tired of...

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The Modern House

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HERE is a book which, if Virtue were not its own reward, should most certainly be given two reviews—in parallel columns. For it is not only the best book on its subject that has...

Einstein's World

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The World as I See It. By Albert Einstein. - (John'Lane. 8s. 6d.) Tnis book is a reprint of various articles, addresses and pro- nouncements by Dr. Einstein, which have been...

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The Core of Christianity

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The Mediator. By Emil Brunner. Translated by Olive Wyon. (Lutterworth Press, 20s.) THE word "existential," says Miss Wyon in a foreword to her admirable translation of...

The Assyrians

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The Tragedy of the Assyrians. By Lt.-Col. R. S. Stafford, D.S.O., M.C. (Allen and Unwin. 8s. 6d.) THE author of this book, which is written with moderation and studied...

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Creative Reading

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The Art of the Novel from 1700 to the Present Time. By THE novelist, as distinct from other artists, works for an un- instructed public ; the composer knows that his music will...

The Five-Year Plan

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Russia's Iron Age. By W. H. Chamberlin. (Duckworth. 153.) FIVE years ago Mr. Chamberlin, who was at that time Moscow correspondent of the Christian Science Monitor, published a...

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Virtue is a Bargain

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The Exemplary Mr. Day. A Philosopher in Search of the Life of Virtue and of a Paragon among Women. By Sir S. H. Scott. (Faber and Faber. 8s. 6d.) THE mourning backslider, the...

Logos

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A Short History of English Words. By Bernard Groom. (Macmillan. 5s.) THE successful publishing of" word-books," and the perennial demand for dictionaries, suggest that the...

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Sex and Personality

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Rhythm of Life. By Sofie Lazarsfeld. (Rutled g e. 10s. 641.) NEVER before in the history of the world have sex and the problems associated with its manifestations been so...

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Fiction

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By WILLIAM PLOMER Lust for Life. By Irving Stone. " (The Bodley Head. 8s. (Id.) IlEviEwtas are often reckless in praise and comment, so it may be ill-advised for one of them to...

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Current Literature SARABAND FOR DEAD LOVERS By Helen Simpson The

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theme of Miss Helen Simpson's new novel, Saraband for Dead Lovers (Heinemann, 7s. 6d.), is the tragedy of Sophia-Dorothea of Zelle, who was married as a child to her cousin...

MODERN POEMS FOR CHILDREN By Isabel and R. L. Megroz

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- A poem suitable for a child is merely a good poem written for a poet's usual audience which happens to be within a child's apprehension ; work written specially for children...

HOTELKEEPERS IN CONFERENCE By Eugene Herbodeau and Others The condition

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of the English hotel industry has long been established in the public mind as a reliable and lively source of controversy, about which spirited advocacy can be expected from...

KANT

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By A. D. Lindsay The Master of Balliol's iecently published book on Kant (Beim, 12s. 6d.) meets a long-felt need. Kant is a supremely difficult philosopher—abstract, redundant,...

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THE LAST KING By W. B. Wells

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It is close on four years since Don Alfonso XIII left Spain : in that time the pros and cons of his reign have been weighed more than once in print. Anyone inclined to pursue...

THE SECOND FIVE-YEAR PLAN By W. P. and Zelda Coates

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Writers and speakers on ecomomic and political questions must often need a handy pocket guide to the Russian Five- Year Plans. The Second Five-Year Plan of Development of the...

AIRSHIPS IN PEACE AND WAR By Captain J. Sinclair

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There is a widely accepted view that the history of British airships was utterly ended in the wreck of the 'R.101.' The Beauvais disaster, it is true, resulted in complete Stag-...

AMERICA THROUGH WOMEN'S EYES Edited by Mary R. Beard Numerous

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books of fascinating interest have been made in recent years out of selections .from the personal records of American life, especially in the early colonial period. M.S. Beard,...

THE FIRST CENTURY OF BRITISH JUSTICE IN INDIA-

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By Sir Charles Fawcett The title of this book (Oxford Univprsity Press, 15s.) perhaps not the best that could have been chosen, for there was British justice before 1660, at...

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Motoring

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Cheap Speed Jr was perhaps an odd coincidence that. immediately after I had written my last article in which I thought. it useful to remind certain of The Spectator - readers...

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Financial Notes

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GOVERNMENT STOCKS RELAPSE. The Stock Markets have passed through a rather trying week, . the outstanding feature at one time being the severe slunip in British Funds. A number...

. THE PEPPER CRISIS.

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• It is some time since the City was so stirred as it has been during the past fortnight by the crisis in the Pepper Market. Thanks to the assistance afforded by the banks the...

Finance

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English Railway Position ALTHOUGH in common with most securities Home Railways have not escaped the general depression, there has been an undercurrent of hopefulness owing to...

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IMPERIAL TOBACCO RESULTS.

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Following upon the announcement last month of an increase in the dividend on Imperial Tobacco shares from 20 per Cent. tax free to 22 per cent. tax free has come the Annual...

GAS LIGHT AND COBB MEETING.

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I referred on a previous occasion to the impression con- veyed by the speeches of the Chairman of the Gas Light and Coke Co. Of the energy displayed by `the directors and...

D. H. EVANS.

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The profits statement of D. H. Evans and Co. is also a good one, the net profit for the year ending January 31st last being 1112,491 against 1104,447. The dividend again is at...

STORES PROSPERITY.

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Whether, as the result of politics or any other influence, there is to be a check to the trade revival remains to be seen, but further evidence of the greater activity In the...

HARRODS DIVIDEND UP.

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The annual report of Harrods, Ltd., has yet to be issued, but the preliminary statement shows that during the year ending January 31st last the net profit was £708,900, as...

A Hundred Years Ago

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"THE SPECTATOR," FEBRUARY 14TH, 1835. The Morning Chronicle has supplied the following apt quotation from Swift on the necessity of choosing a Speaker whose opinions concur...

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"The Spectator" Crossword No. 125

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BY ZENO [-4 prize of one guinea will be given to the sender of the first correct solation of this week's crossword puzzle to be opened. Envelopes should be marked Crossword...

SOLUTION TO CROSSWORD NO. 124

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P1 RI Al S gl"r °1- 1 1 / 11 1V1 LI El W i lM I 1 P A/WIN/RID B11 I - CI UINIDIR Tj I 1 T Ul L AIR Al SI I ail E I1N1M1E1A N1W I IlL Ell A T1 RI EMI T G.1- [ I ILI. fE D...