15 JUNE 1878

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The Austrian Government is apparently under an impression that it

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will get nothing from Congress, because Russia and England are agreed. It is, therefore, accumulating troops upon its Eastern frontier, for what purpose is not quite clear....

Mr. Gladstone has been made a " Shepherd," at an

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open-air chapter of the " Shepherds' " Friendly Society. This seems to have been by way of acknowledgment for a very able speech delivered on Tuesday at Hawarden, on the...

Sir Michael Hicks-Beach has been " starring " it in

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Gloucester- shire this week, and especially doing his best to secure a Con- servative success at Cheltenham at the next election,—which, perhaps, he may have reasons of his own...

The Telegraph publishes a report as to the course to

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be adopted about Turkish Bonds, which may have been invented for Stock Exchange purposes, but which in itself looks probable. Bosnia, Thessaly, Epirus, and the two Bulgarias...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE Congress bas assembled. The first sitting was held in the Radzivil Palace, now the Foreign Office of Berlin, on Thurs- day, the 13th inst. The representatives of Germany,...

* 4 * The Editors cannot undertake to return Manuscript in any

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case.

The reports as to the agreements of the Powers continue

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numerous, but with results so near at hand are hardly worth dis- cussing. We may say, however, that the most authentic-looking among rumours point to the facts that England and...

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The Reactionaries in the French Senate made a great effort

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this day week to embarrass the Government once more,—and again failed. They proposed a resolution contesting the right of the Government to fix the date of the Senatorial...

The Bishop of Manchester has written a very able and

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tem- perate letter on the Lancashire cotton strike, in which he urges on the cotton operatives the danger of losing a considerable por- tion of the trade, if they insist either...

It begins to be evident that the masters have defeated

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the operatives in Lancashire. According to the latest intelligence from Burnley, the mills are reopening at the ten-per-cent. reduc- tion, eight mills having resumed work on...

A frightful accident occurred on Friday week in the Wood

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pit colliery, belonging to Messrs. Evans and Co., about five miles from Warrington. The gas, from some unknown cause, suddenly exploded, and of 248 men in the mine upwards of...

The Clerical Ministry in Belgium has fallen. Under the Belgian

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Constitution, half the Chamber is re-elected every two years, and half the Senate every four years, and on Tuesday an election came off for both Houses. The Clericals suffered...

A great philanthropic experiment, commenced by the late Mr. Stewart,

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the millionaire, of New York, and completed by his widow, has failed. Ile erected a grand hotel for working- women, in which 1,000 women were to be respectably lodged and fed...

The House of Commons reassembled on Thursday, and Mr. Rylands

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moved a resolution declaring that no Treaties involving guarantees or subsidies should be signed in future without the previous consent of Parliament. Mr. Gladstone, however,...

Sir Rutherford Alcock writes to Monday's Times that though, rain

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has now fallen in some of the famine-struck districts of China, and that by the month of October it may produce good results, till then none of the poor creatures dependent on...

The Government of Prussia has asked the Federal Connell of

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Germany to authorise the Emperor to dissolve Parliament, Prince Bismarck hoping that amidst the excitement caused by Nobiling's attempt on the Emperor's life the electors may...

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The Americans are still reading the " confessions" and letters

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published in the course of the inquiry into Mr. Hayes's election, and still disputing whether the Democrats do or do not mean to un- seat Mr. Hayes. We rather think they do. Mr....

A flower service, intended to give thanks for the beauties

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and 'bounties of the summer, was held in the Church of St. Katharine • Cree, Leadenhall Street, on Tuesday, every child who attended 'bringing a bouquet of flowers. The Rector...

Consols were on Friday 95} to 95g.

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George V., the last King of Hanover, and grandson of

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our own George III., died in Paris on the 12th inst. Though unhappily blind, he was not a bad King, as kings go; he was fairly popular, and made in 1866 a brave stand for his...

The impression we recorded in commenting on a correspon- dent's

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letter the other day, that a large number of English medical men could never have thought it prudent to petition the Italian Parliament in favour of vivisection for Italy,...

A curious suicide has taken place at Windsor. Count Aubriet

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de Pevy, who drowned himself there in the Thames on Wednes- day, left a document, to be placed " at the disposal of any inquest and the Press," in which be states that the...

America has lost one of her best poets in William

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Cullen Bryant,—one of the very few poets who was ever at the same time a successful journalist. The New York Evening Post was always, under his management, a journal of high...

Lord Penzance, in dealing on Wednesday with the case of

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Mr. Edwards, who had been suspended by him for six months, but who had paid no attention to the judgment, said that he should have signified the defendant's contumacy to the...

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MR. GLADSTONE ON THE POOR-LAW.

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THE Times has been very severe on Mr. Gladstone for saying, in his speech on Friendly Societies, at Hawarden, last Tuesday, that there is nothing that can be called exactly...

TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE CONGRESS OF BERLIN. T HIS Congress may fail, after all, and we begin to fear that if an imperfect success is failure, it will fail ; but until it has failed, it may worthily...

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THE DUKES OF BEACONSFIELD AND LEEDS.

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T HE Berlin correspondent of the Standard telegraphs on Wednesday a story of the Congress which is worth more than a passing note. On the arrival of Lord Beacons- field at the "...

THE ALBION INSURANCE CASE.

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PP ENAL servitude has at last, after a career of fourteen ran, overtaken the ingenious managers of the Albion Insurance Office. For ten days Sir Henry Hawkins and a very patient...

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LORD DUFFERIN IN CANADA.

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I T is not di ffi cult, as one reads Lord Dufferin'a latest speech —a speech to the Militia of Montreal, delivered on the Queen's birthday—to understand why he has been the most...

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SIR MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH ON TORY MFIRITS.

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to wake up emotions which make them feel great in their own S IR MICHAEL HICKS-BEACH appears to be of one mind eyes, emotions which educated Englishmen, with the centuries L.7...

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RAILWAY CAPITAL AND REVENUE.

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J OINT-STOCK enterprise of all kinds has presented the simplicity and trustfulness of mankind in a new and striking light. In the first instance, it was an excellent dis- covery...

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THE ARISTOCRACY AND THE UNIVERSITIES.

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W E are told, on authority which we believe to be well- informed, that the number of Peers' sons who enter the Universities has of late years perceptibly decreased and is still...

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SAMUEL JOHNSON.

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M R. LESLIE STEPHEN'S interesting and graphic ac- count of Johnson, in Mr. John Morley's new series of "English Men of Letters,"* will make that great man's figure familiar to...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE PROPOSED NORTHERN UNIVERSITY. [TO THE EDITOR OF THE SPECTATOR:1 Sift,—Having had the opportunity, by the kindness of Dr. Greenwood, of examining the " more detailed scheme...

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OUR POLICY IN CHINA.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. "] SIR,—Your interesting article on the possible future of our rela- tions with China opens up a wide field for reflection and thought....

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COMPETITIVE TESTS FOR THE ARMY.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") SIR,-1Vill you allow me to point out that the application of a stringent educational test to candidates for the Military Service,...

MIND AND MUSCLES IN THE ARMY.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.") Six,—Though fully alive to the dangers of athleticism, I cannot agree in your remarks on the proposal to allow bone as well as- brains to...

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BOOKS.

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DOWDEN'S STUDIES IN LITERATURE.* To attempt to dissect criticisms which are not in themselves of surpassing interest and excellence is a work of supererogation. It would be...

MANCHESTER AND THIRLMERE.

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[TO TH3 EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR "J Sin,—Permit me, as one of your constant readers, to express my surprise that the nauseous effusion which in your last number is hurled at the...

A CORRECTION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " ENIOTATOD,."1 Sllt,—One is usually glad to find a milder term substituted for a strong expression dropped in haste, but I have no reason to re- pent of...

THE " GANGRENE IN CONGREGATIONALISM."

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR. 1 Sin,—Referring to your article under this title, will you permit one of the minority, whose numbers you have unwittingly under- rated, to...

THE GROSSER KURFURST.'

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR-1 Sin,—The article in your last week's issue on the loss of the ' Grosser Kurfiirst ' brings to my recollection a story of nearly twenty years...

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BY PROXY.* SINCE Mr. Payn delighted the novel-loving world with

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his Lost Sir Massingberd, he has written a great many novels, and he has long been an acknowledged favourite with the public. He has, however, never produced any real rival to...

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ANCIENT SOCIETY.*

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Tile greater part of Mr. Morgan's book is occupied with an attempt to make out the theory, first broached by Mr. M'Lennan, in Primitive Marriage, that the original social unit...

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THE SCHOOL OF SHAKESPEARE.*

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TILE expressive title of Mr. Simpson's volumes is not altogether free from ambiguity. To the uninitiated, it is fitted to convey very different notions as to what may be looked...

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MORE ABOUT ST. KILDA.*

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Sr. KILDA is certainly in a fair way to become famous. But a short time since, if any but a national school-boy had been asked where and what is St. Kilda, the chances are that...

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MORE MAGAZINES.

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Blackwood has three papers on the Eastern Question, which will, we dare say, comfort the souls of Tories, and one of which, " Foreign Opinion on England in the East," is worth...

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CURRENT LITERATURE.

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Tacitus and Bracciolini : the Annals Forged in the Fifteenth Century. (Diprose and Bateman.)—This is one of the most curious books that ever came before us. It is full of...

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Sebastopol Trenches, and Five Months in Them. By Colonel Reynell

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Pack, C.B. (Kerby and Endean.)—Colonel Pack joined the British army early in the year 1855, at a time, consequently, when the worst sufferings of the winter campaign were over....

Popular Defence of the Jesuits. By Willis Nevins. (Williams and

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Norgate.)—" What a . base lie it is for Protestants," says Mr. Nevins, "to profess such a liberty of conscience, and to deny it to those whose ideas are different from their own...

Annals of North America. By E. Howland. (Sampson Low.)—The compiler

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of this bulky volume deserves credit for having produced a useful work of reference, with a very carefully prepared index. He has given us, in chronological order, a very brief...

Eliot the Younger ; a Fiction in Freehand. By Bernard

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Barker. (Samuel Tinsley.)—This novel at least merits the praise of being lively and entertaining. It is smartly and sometimes wittily written. The father of "Eliot the Younger...

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land, and Spain respectively. The first, which bears the title

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" Unequally Yoked," is chiefly occupied with the sorrows of two young women who marry natives of Egypt. Miss Jane Whately, than whom there could scarcely be a better authority...

The Talmud. By Joseph Barclay, LL.D. (John Murray.)—When the. late

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Emmanuel Deutsch wrote his famous article on the Talmud, he dealt with a subject about which most educated people had but the very vaguest ideas. He naturally presented in a...

Miejour, or the Land of the Felibre. By Duncan Craig.

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(Nisbet and Co.)—A winter spent in the South of France seems to have suggested this book to Mr. Craig. Along with descriptions of scenery, and notices of Cannes, Mentone, Nice,...

The Boy Colonists ; or Eight Years of Colonial Life

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in Otago, New Zealand. (Simpkin and Marshall.)—This is evidently a picture drawn from life. It does not pretend to artistic character, or to literary excellence, except so far...

Thalassa. By John James Wild. (Ward and Co.) —This is

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one of the works which embody some of the results of the expedition under- taken by H.M.S. ' Challenger.' We believe the popular notion of the deep-sea bottom is that it...

The Life that Now Is, and Nature and Life. By

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Robert Collyer. (Simpkin and Marshall.)—This does not strike us as a very appro- priate title for this little volume of sermons, though Mr. Collyer in his preface implies that...

Pretty Polly; a Farce in Fyttes. By G. Manville Fenn.

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(Tinsley Brothers.)—A "farce in fyttes " may be a happy idea, though it does not seem so to as ; but when there are forty-one " fyttes," and these fill about eight hundred...