16 APRIL 1927

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News of the Week

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O N Monday Mr. Churchill introduced his third Budget. His speech so surprised and enchanted the House by its resourcefulness and was so clearly and persuasively argued that the...

* * The duty on tobacco is raised from 8s.

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2d. to 8s. 10d. a lb. The Customs and Excise Duty on matches is raised about 20 per cent. Wines containing more than 25 degrees of proof spirit arc to pay 8s. a gallon and those...

* * * Lord Grey of Fallodon in a letter

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to the Times on the Trade Unions Bill argues that the Bill, while not making it easier than before to prevent a general strike, stirs up the very temper which will make an...

It will be seen that much the greater part of

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the fresh revenue is to be raised by means that cannot be repeated. The reserves of the Road Fund are now almost exhausted and the device of speeding up the Property Tax really...

Certain recent events suggest how fur the split in the

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Labour Party might have gone if it had not been fairly well closed up by the introduction of the Trade Unions Bill. In the last number of Forward Mr. Ramsay MacDonald recorded...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 13 York Sired, Covent I h ,rden,

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London, W.C. 2.—A Subscription to the SPECTATOR code Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as U Newspaper. The...

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Moscow is spluttering indignation. Labour here shares in the indignation

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on the ground that the Ministers of the various Legations gave permission for the raid. All we can say is that such matters should be seen in proportion. No diplomatic official...

The Act of the Philippines Legislature providing for a plebiscite

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on independence has been vetoed by the President of the United States. The Washington correspondent of the . .Times says that no President has hitherto used this power. M....

The whole document is written with a frankmss and air

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of finality which arc seldom seen in British announce - meats in similar circumstances. Of course, Mr. Coolidge will be ceiticized on the ground that a refusal of inde- pendence...

No doubt Chang Tso-lin's police exceeded their permission. Indeed the

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Legations seem to have protested that they did. But it is really preposterous for people here to make a fuss about any precautions that may be taken in China nowadays for...

On Monday Great Britain, America, France, Japan and Italy presented .

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Identic Notes to the Chinese Bureau for Foreign Affairs at Shanghai regarding the Nanking outrages. The Notes demand punishment of the com- manders of the Chinese troops...

The situation in China is so amazingly complicated that nobody

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could be surprised at whatever might happen. The advance of the Cantonese northwards has been checked by the dramatic reappearance of Sun- Clutan-fang. After the fiasco in front...

The fact is that the remarkable successes of the Cantonese

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have been due more to propaganda than to lighting and if the propaganda should wane what seemed to be the Cantonese military prowess might wane with it. This is why the dispute...

Meanwhile .Moscow has demanded that the Chinese soldiers and police

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shall be withdrawn from the Russi a , ' Legation, that all arrested persons shall be released, and all documents and other property returned. If these demands are not satisfied...

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Last Saturday Sacco and Vanzetti, the two Italian Socialists whose

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trials in the United States have become famous, were condemned to death. Unless the Governor of Massachusetts respites them they will be executed in July. It was in July, 1921,...

* * * * In the House of Commons on

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Thursday, April 7111, the Home Secretary moved the Second Reading of the . Landlord and Tenant Bill, which provoked a fair amount of criticism from Unionists. The only serious...

When we wrote last week of the new Treaty of

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friend- ship between Italy and Hungary the text had not yet been published. The Rome correspondent of the Manchester Guardian says that the Treaty contains only five articles....

Last week the Home Secretary announced an agreement upon the

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new taxicab charges. The normal charge is to be 9d. instead of ls. a mile. The charge for each extra passenger will be 6d. instead of 9d., and the charge for waiting will be...

It is said by those who have seen the design

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for the Memorial to Queen Alexandra that it is a work of extra- ordinary delicacy and beauty. It is by Mr. Alfred - Gilbert, the designer of the famous fountain surmounted by...

The Italian Government has declared that it intends to keep

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the twelve islands in the Aegean Sea known as the Dodecanese. Thus ends a strange, eventful history. Italy occupied the islands when she was at war with Turkey in 1912. Although...

On the morning of Friday, April 8th, the transmission of

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commercial messages to Australia by beam wireless began. The messages despatched from London travel by land-line to the wireless beam station at Grimsby. Thence they are sent by...

Bank Rate, 5 per cent., changed from 4 per cent.,

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on December 3rd, 1925. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Tuesday 1021 ; on Wednesday week 102 ; a year ago 101 Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Tuesday 86 4 ; on Wednesday week 861...

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The Budget

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C HANCELLORS of the Exchequer have sometimes surprised the House of Commons by the nimbleness with which they escaped from their difficulties, but inasmuch as Mr. Churchill had...

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Votes for Young Women

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irT has _been well understood for two years past that, I before the present Parliament ends, women will have re ceived the franchise on precisely the same. terms as men. We...

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The Union of Christendom

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[This suggestive article must appeal to all who hope for a united Christendom one day, and who are determined to work for that great ideal.—En. Spectator.] L OOKING at it from...

THE SPECTATOR.

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Before going abroad or on their holidays readers are advised top' an order for the SrEcrAToa. The journal will be forwarded to address at the following rates :-- One Month • • •...

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Some Easter Customs .

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IIEN we eat our hot cross buns on Good Friday, do we remember that they date from the very lawn of history ? According to Bryant sacred cakes ailed " boun " were offered in the...

The Week in Parliament O S Wednesday of last week the

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Labour Party initiated a debate on China. Mr. Ramsay MacDonald opened with a long, confused, earnest, well-intentioned speech in the course of which he frequently begged the...

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Nursery Rhymes and the English Language T HERE was a correspondence

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in the Times in January about the best method of pronouncing Latin ; some favouring the peculiarly English method generally followed until some thirty years ago, others the...

Every Man His Own Doctor ?

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T HE growth of medical science is beginning to affect not only the professional doctor but also his patients. Everybody is interested in his own health, and the more...

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The Theatre THE CONSTANT WIFE." BY W. SOMERSET MAT:Gil:LAI. AT

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TliE STEAM) THEATRE.] MR. MAUGHAM'S celebrated " restoration " manner hardly shows at its best in his new comedy, which is the story of a wife who determines not to let her...

Art

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[IMPERIAL GALLERY OF ART EXHIBITION.] Sin JOSEPH DUVEEN'S munificence has resulted in a really good exhibition of painting, sculpture and drawing produced by contemporary...

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A 1..k.a tER FROM BRISTOL.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, — The most notable work Bristol has engaged upon for many years was the building of a riverside road from the city ' to Avonmouth, named...

Correspondence

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AN ENGLISHWOMAN IN GERMANY. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—On September 26th, 1914, a train with 200 English- women as passengers puffed out of Frankfurt-on-Main. We...

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LONDON AND ITS RATS.

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. All naturalists know that the old black rat of England was driven out by the bigger, more voracious and destructive grey rat of Norway, which is said to commit damage every...

A Ittenris Humoun.

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A delightful incident, illustrating the tolerant humour of the domestic dog, occurs frequently among the live-stock of a llemestead in the Eastern Counties. The favourite...

A NEGLECTED PLANT.

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In the garden of an Oxfordshire insLjone - of the - many delightful " Spread Eagles "—is growing a vivid patch of Mertensia Virginiea which its cultivator puts down as a...

PLANTS AND THE Esu'IaE.

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The immense power for good—in the domain not of politics but of economic science—possessed by an Empire so fur-flung as the British, is being brought into the open, rather sur-...

APRIL AND TENNYSON.

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It has been said that April is Chaucer's month and May Shakespeare's. To go further down the scale than these giants, it occurs to me that no one has ever approached Tennyson in...

Country Life and Sport

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Ax EASTER CouseumseE. Easter falls this year at the date which begins their English season for a good many birds. Year after Year, with admirable punctuality, we first hear the...

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Letters to the Editor THE DRINK TRADE [To the Editor

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of the SPECTATOR.] &Il i —The recent articles in the Spectator and the leader of this week have been of great interest to me. Unfortunately few, if any, of the retail trade will...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—The objection to the drink trade on the score of influence on political life calls for fuller consideration than it receives at the hand of your leader writer. The drink...

THE LISTER CENTENARY [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In

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a chorus of Sophocles' Antigone, lines 33I-304, there is a fine descriptions of man's achievements, culminating with a glowing tribute to his triumph over diseases IICIPTOTOpOS•...

LISTER AND THE FUTURE [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—Your readers must be grateful for the excellent sug- gestion in "Crusader's" article in this week's issue, advocating the formation of a Listerian Order for the production...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sra,—In the concluding article,

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" An Ordinary Man's Thoughts on the Drink Question," the writer states "there has been a great reduction of drunkenness." Alas f this does not apply to London, for the Home...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—It was a Liverpool woman, Miss H. Johnson, who initiated the movement which resulted in the clause of the Children's Act forbidding the admission of children under four-...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—May I be allowed

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to draw attention to a circumstance apparent in the " Anglo-Catholic " writings both ephemeral and otherwise that never fails to excite my surprise ? It is this : that those...

THE CRISIS IN THE CHURCH

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] cannot believe that those who are now protesting against the Prayer Book in your columns accurately represent average lay opinion. The laity as...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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81 119—To the extremists at both ends who say " I'm not arguing , with thee, I'm telling thee " or in the phrase " Seems, Madam ! nay, it is : I know not seems," I would...

. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] glad to sec

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that " El Sharqi " has put this inter- Minable controversy on its proper footing as a mere dispute about language. As Matthew Arnold said many years ago, people in this country...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, -- In all the different

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views put forth of late concerning the central act of worship of our Church, the basis from which that worship springs has been overlooked. In order to form a just estimate of...

CHRISTIANITY, COAL AND COMMON SENSE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,--May I point out that the economic proposals suggested in the pamphlet Coal : a Challenge to the National Conscience are very close to...

AMERICAN ENGLISH

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIa,—May I suggest that the letters which have appeared in your olumns on this subject betray both inaccuracy and a failure to understand the...

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BLACK AND WHITE [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sni,—You really must allow me a few more words with your reviewer. • Lord Olivier," he stated, " is so ignorant of local conditions as to call Kitchen Kaffir the lingua franca...

THE GIRL OF TO-MORROW [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—In an interesting report called " The Education of the Adolescent," I find a statement which I think is particularly applicable to much of the criticism of modern...

THE LAST QUARTETS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Srn,—Mr.

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Maine is shocked by my metaphors, as I intended him to be. On the one hand there is the critic, pontifical but vague, condemning with one sweep the later Quartets, as an...

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THE STORY OF A LITTLE POEM [To the Editor of

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the SPECTATOR.] SIR,-- In reply to several enquiries, may I say that the Italian title of the poem to which my recent article referred is " La Cavalla Stoma " ? Giovanni Pascoli...

CYNICAL OR INSPIRING ?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In your issue of April 2nd (p. 587) a certain writer speaks of " the significance of that wise French proverb that the best is the enemy...

Poetry

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The Fairy Hill I xxovv a green hill Near till a road ; It's green with the shamrock That no man sowed ; For the Slices sowed the shamrock An' brought the black bee To make it...

PENNY POSTAGE [To the Editor of the SrEc.-rwron.] SIR, —I am

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afraid that, in the face of the present state of the nation's finances and in spite of the repetition by the Post- master-General of his slogan, " The Government hope to...

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Mr. Herbert N. Casson, the able -and original editor of

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M ore Net Magazine, has written a remarkable volume in '"ore Net Profit (87 Regent Street. 5s.). The book is P ri marily intended for the small business man, but others— in deed...

The League of Red Cross Societies' Conference on " The

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health of Merchant Seamen," held in Norway last summer, has published its report and recommendations—it may be obtained through any Red Cross society. Anything to improve the...

Mr. Abe Mitchell's deeply interesting The Essentials of Golf (Hodder

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and Stoughton, 7s. 6d.) can only be recommended here and not reviewed. It is wonderfully good value for the money and we trust it will attain a large circulation, for there is...

In our issue of April 2nd, The Safety of St.

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Paul's, by Canon Alexander, should have been described as published by Messrs. Jolui Murray at 2s.

It is ten Years since Maxim Gorki has produced a

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novel, but Decadence was worth waiting for. The events in the life' of Gorki's peasants are unimportant ("- Men are bees and we are the flowers for them," says a peasant woman),...

This Week's Books

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WE have just . added to our reference library an important book which every student of international politics will want : it is Mr. H. T. Montague Bell's The Near East. Year...

" I was delicate, 0 monks, extremely delicate, excessively delicate,

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I used no sandal wood that was not Benares ; my dress was of Benares cloth, my tunic, my underwear and cloak." So Buddha speaks of his early life according to the Pali Canon. On...

The National Association of Schoolmasters send us an interesting pamphlet

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(price 4d.) with a short preface by Lord Burnham, on Broadcasting as a Factor in Primary Education. This is an important subject and the considered opinion of the authors (who...

Count dc Souza, most famous of the diminishing race of

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deuyers, has written Advanced Equitation (John Murray, 21s.) on the difficult art of haute creole for the benefit and instruction of those who still love a well " maneged "...

The general public would have a better understanding of our

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newspapers and of the forces by which opinion is moulded if they would read some of the excellent books about journalism which are now being published in America. Mr. G. W....

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The Story of Germany's Debt

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The History of Reparations. By Carl Bergmann, with an introduction by Sir Josiah Stamp. (Ernest Bann. 21s.) HEan BERGMANN' has written a formidable volume on the history of...

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Some German Novels

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Tun most interesting feature of German post-War literature is undoubtedly the revival of the historical novel. The realistic methods of French and Russian writers had, we...

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Prophecies of Disaster

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THERE are undercurrents in the national life which are rarely discussed in the open. They help to form the general temper. They qualify the national moral. But they are banished...

A Three-Legged Tour in Greece A Three-Legged Tour in Greece.

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By Ethel Smyth. (tbi,, • 'man. • Is. dd.) • ' Tars travellers' talc is packed with wit and entertaininuw, Dame Ethel Smyth—composer and woman of letters—and her great niece...

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Fiction

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Spiritual Adventures Knock Four Times. By Margaret Irwin. (Heinemann. 7s. &I.) Brother Saul. By Donn Byrne. (Sampson Low. 7s. (kl.) The Splendour of Asia. By L. Adams Bock....

A Quarterly

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The Quest contains a very instructive article by Dr. C. C. Montefiore, called " Reflections on Rabbinic Religion." It deals with those post-Old Testament Jewish Scriptures,...

The Magazines

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d s . e a I I 'tr. first article in The Nineteenth Century is by Mr. Spenser ilkinson. He writes upon " Security "—to which he r oes naval strength is essential. The...

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Novels in Brief

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Ma. PErr RIDGE'S new novel, Hayward's Fight (Meths .7s. 6cl.) describes the adventures of two girls who are suddeol left to carry on their father's big printing business, of whi...

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A STUDY ON THE MINIMUM WAGE. By J. H. Richa

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son:- (G. Allen and Unwin. 7s. 6d.)-Mr. Richardson, s the help of the library of the International Labour Office Geneva, has written a lucid and informing study of the ni* mum...

THE YEAR'S WORK IN ENGLISH STUDIES, 1925. 'Edited for the

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English Association by F. S. Boas and C. H. Herford. (Oxford University Press. 7s. ed.)-How intensive the study of English literature has become may be judged from this book. A...

PARTRIDGES, YESTERDAY AND TO-DAY. (The Field Press. 3s. 6d.)-An adniirably

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'thorough enquiry into the state of the partridge in Britain has been made by the Field, its evidence put between 'covers and a succinct summary written as prefaCe by - the...

Current Literature

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THE SETTLEMENTS AND ROADS OF SCOTLAND A STUDY IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. By Grace Meikle- john, M.A. (Oliver and Boyd. 12s. 6d.)-Miss Meiklejohn's, work is in all respects worthy of...

HOME LIFE IN HISTORY. By John Gloag and C. Thompson

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Walker. Illustrated by A. B. Read. (Ernest Berm. 12s. 6d.)-Here is an ingenious and amusing book which depicts " social life and manners in Britain from 200 D.C. to A.D. 1926,"...

LADIES HALF-WAY ...-AND OTHER ESSAYS. 11 Basil Macdonald Hastings. -: . (Harrap.

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6s.)-Mr. Hasti rails against Smiles and Sleep and Men's Evening Cloth American Films and- Belgian Taxes. Here is a specimen fro an essay called " Dead Without Knowing It." If...

INDUSTRIAL FLUCTUATIONS. By A. C. Pigou. (Macmillan. 25s.).-The business cycle

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of booms and slumps is analysed with painstaking thoroughness in Professor Pigott's important new book-a companion to the second edition of his well-known Economics of Welfare....

A Library List

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Poussics AND ECONOMICS :-The Mechanism of the Mods State. By Sir J. A. R. Marriott. Two Volumes. (Oslo University Press. 42s.) History of Reparations. Carl Bergmann. (Benn....

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Finance—Public and Private

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An Ingenious Budget THERE are practical reasons why it is, perhaps, advisable to be sparing of praise. with regard to Mr. Churchill's ingenuity in meeting his Budget Deficit....

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BANKING PROBLEMS IN INDIA.

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Additional interest has been imparted to the recent meetings of the Indian Banks by reason of the frank views expressed by the various chairmen, both as to the general financial...

Financial Notes . .

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FRUITS OF ECONOMY. The Directors of the Cunard Steamship Company have earned congratulations upon their conduct of the Company's affairs during a difficult period. A year ago a...

A Goon INSURANCE DIVIDEND.

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The Directors of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company are recommending a final dividend of 11s. Od. per share, making 23s. in respect of the year 1926. This...

* * * *

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SOME INSURANCE RESULTS. For three years in succession the Royal Exchange Assurance declared dividends at the rate of 25 per cent., the rate having been raised in 1923 from 18...

LEVER BROS.

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Another company which has done somewhat better than might have been expected during the industrial depression is Lever Brothers. There was a moderate decline in profits, but the...