7 APRIL 1917

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The most impressive fact about the American decision is that

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it has been taken on such right and noble grounds that it can never turn to' emptiness and disillusionment. The Americans are ideal- ists, and Congressmen who could cheer...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE decision of the United States to enter the war with all her will and all her resources is an event of such magnitude that we do not hesitate to call it the most important...

We have written in a leading article about the political

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aspects of America's intervention, but must record here briefly the chief points of Mr. Wilson's address. Let us say first that the address was great in manner and in substance....

On the Western front the co-operating British and French Armies

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have made more rapid progress than could have been expected in bad conditions of ground and weather. The Germans have been harried all the way, and seem to be at least as...

There is not much fresh news of the Russian Revolution,

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but as there is no longer a vigorous Censorship at Petrograd the absence of startling news is of course in itself an excellent sign. M. Rodzianko has announced that the...

It seems that fresh overtures of peace are about to

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be made by Germany. The inspired statements in Gorman newspapers, pre- paring the way, can hardly have any other meaning. Probably the German offer, when it comes, will again...

More details of' General Dobell's fine victory in Palestine which

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we recorded last week have been published. The Turkish casualties are estimated at eight thousand. Only a fog and the waterless character of the country prevented the...

Insensibly the war has become a struggle for establishing popular

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government as the universal barricade against the intolerable danger and nuisance of autocracy with all its whims and caprices. The self-governing peoples are the only true "...

THE PAPER SHORTAGE--We trust that readers of the "Spectator" will

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give definite orders to their newsagents for a copy of the " Spectator" to be reserved for them each week till countermanded.

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Which of the three schemes we have discussed has actually

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been adopted by Germany—for, as we have said, we feel certain that one of them has been adopted—must very soon be disclosed to the world, for we must give our enemy the credit...

Of course we may, and do, wish they would make

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the experiment, and make it in as large numbers as possible. If they would only come a quarter of a million strong, we could make sure of disposing of them both from the naval...

Again, there are the thousands of tons of barbed wire

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which must be put up in front of the trench line, for we can assure our German enemies that they will not be able to pick up barbed wire as they march through our coast...

Further, the Germans no doubt hope that the new line

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will be better designed for standing purely on the defensive. The Germans, whether voluntarily or owing to the operation of circumstances, have thus a good deal of man-power in...

The next temptation to the Germans would be a massed

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attack by the best part of the Austrian troops, reinforced by a large section of Germans, upon the Italian front. The plan would no doubt be to make a terrific drive down the...

But though it is perfectly true to say that the

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Germans have been forced to go back, we must not for a moment suppose that they are merely bluffing when they tell us in effect that they have voluntarily drawn back in order to...

On the whole, the general military situation is distinctly good.

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The more the matter is examined, the clearer it is that the Germans made their great retirement on the Western front, and gave back to France so large a portion of the...

But, remember, even if the worst came to the worst,

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and the Germans, not caring what might be their losses, should, by out- numbering the Italians in men and guns, be able to secure some temporary successes, the resources of the...

The third alternative for a German counterstroke to cover, excuse,

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and justify their enforced retirement is an attempt to invade these islands. This, judged from the standpoint of what we may call sane military- policy, is of course crazy....

At this moment we may be certain that the Germans

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have decided upon some counterstroke which will compensate for their retirement on the Somme. Where is that counterstroke to fall ? There are three possible places outside the...

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Of course we may be quite wrong in holding that

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Russia is the most likely place for the German attack to fall, and we admit that the mind of the German is inscrutable. He seems often to do things contrary to expectation out...

We note that Lord Beresford is going, sailor fashion, to

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ask a question on the supply of wheat which, if it is answered truly, as it must be, will awaken the nation. We arc also glad to ace that Wednesday's Times in a leading article...

The special correspondent of the Times at British Headquarters tells

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a thrilling story of how Equancourt was captured by a cavalry charge across a thousand yards of open country, and this though the village was held by a strong force and defended...

General Smuts's appearance in a British Lieutenant-General's uniform was perhaps

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the most romantic illustration of the success of the British Empire ever seen in London. His speech was a eulogy of liberty as against Prussianism, and he pointed to the act of...

We also believe that if once the Prussian attack takes

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place, there is no fear of the Socialist extremists in Russia supporting our enemies. There may be foolish and sentimental talk about war in the abstract, but they know too well...

An exceedingly interesting aspect of the open war that has

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been waged for the past month in the area of retreat is tho use of cavalry, not merely for scouting purposes, but for work which before the war the Specta!or so constantly...

Sir Robert Borden and General Smuts made admirable speeches at

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a luncheon in their honour at the House of Commons on Monday. Sir Robert Borden pointed out that the Dominions had sent a million men to the colours—truly a feat surpassing the...

The services General Smuts is rendering to civilization remind us

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of the exclamation of the Civil War officer of the Southern States of America when lie contemplated the present and looked back on the past : " What a terrible thing it is to...

We believe that in suitable cases it always will be

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a success, and for this plain reason. Cavalry riding in open order and moving rapidly are not a very good mark because the distance is being materially altered every two or...

In regard to the destruction of churches a curious story

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is told. We hear of two thousand pious Bavarian Roman Catholics—and there is no part of the Teutonic population which is more deeply religious than the Bavarian—filling a great...

There has been an interesting discussion of late as to

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what induces the Get mans to lay waste the country which they evacuate with such bestial thoroughness. As soldiers, they very naturally try to impede the advance of tho enemy,...

Bank Rate, 51 per cent., changel from 6 per cent.

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Jan. 18th.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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FREEDOM'S CAUSE. " H OW much the greatest event it is that ever happened in the world and how much the best ! " Such were the words used by Charles Fox when he heard the news...

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AMERICA'S INTERVENTION—THE MILITARY SIDE.

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" The question presented by the letters you have sent me is the most momentous which has ever been offered to my contemplation since that of Independence. . . . While Europe is...

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VICTUALLING THE NATION. T HE control and conservation of the supplies

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of food which we have in this country are a problem of great importance, and the Government are quite right to insist upon our duties in the matter of food wastage being...

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IDEALS AND REALITIES IN RUSSIA. T HE Russian Revolution is so

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near to us that it is quite impossible yet to estimate its full magnitude. Already, however, we know enough to be able to say that it is one of the greatest events in the...

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OUR FRIEND THE HORSE.

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J UST when people were beginning to say that cavalry.. had become useless in war, the British and French cavalry carried out the whole task of keeping touch with the rearguards...

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AT THE BACK OF THE CHILD MIND.

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is a region into which the " grown-up " has no right of entry, and no key to turn tho lock. Only now and then a flash may disclose the inner recesses, and throw a sudden light...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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[Letters of the length of one of our leading paragraphs are often more read, and therefore more effective, than those which fill treble the space.] HOW TO USE MALT FOR FOOD....

THE WORKMEN OF GOVAN AND PROHIBITION.

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ITO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR." 1 SIR, —May I bring to your notice and that of your readers the very significant facts summarized in the enclosed statement ? It is of the...

THE PROVINCIAL PRESS AND PROHIBITION.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR, —As a constant reader who highly appreciates your valuable journal, may I trespass upon your space to mention another provincial daily...

DRINK AND THE WAR—AND AFTER.

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ITo THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—Tho arguments for suspending the manufacture and sale of liquor during the war are so conclusive, and the public is so ready to accept...

FOOD SHORTAGE AND PROHIBITION.

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Subscriptions should be addressed to THE " SPECTATOR," 1 Wellington Street, Strand, London, N.C. 2. The letters " D. G." should be clearly written on the envelope. Cheques...

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THE LATE ADMIRAL SIR GEORGE WARRENDER AND THE DRINK CURSE.

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[To THE Emma OF THE " SPECTATOR.") SIR,—Speaking to the Plymouth Brotherhood, the late Admiral Sir George A 3 Varrender, K.C.B., K.C.V.O., said " Their Secretary had sent him a...

WOMEN PATROLS AND WOMEN POLICE—AN APPEAL. [TO THE EDITOR OF

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THE " SPECTATOR."] Srae—The Somerset Committee for War Work among Women and Girls is urgently in need of funds to enable it to carry on its useful work of training and placing...

FOOD WASTAGE IN THE ARMY.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—Is there any way of bringing before the proper quarters the seriousness of the waste of soldiers' rations that goes on in practically...

THE AGRICULTURAL WAGE.

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[To THE Emma OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—IL is difficult to know in these days of swift change whether changes are to be made by Proclamation or Act of Parliament, but if the...

POTATO SETS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."I SIR,—In your issue of March 24th Mr. Loder-Symonds writes that lihs gardener says that sets cut to one eye only produce small tubers. It is...

THE "ZOO " AND FOOD SHORTAGE.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] SIE,—I yield to no one in my admiration and affection for the "Zoo," to which I have been a regular and frequent visitor for more than...

A GRAND VICTUALLER TO THE NATION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] Sio,—Your first article under the above heading seemed so un- answerable that it seemed impossible but that it should be acted upon. And...

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MOORHENS AND SHELL-FIRE.

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[To THE EDITOR. OF TEE " SFECT6TOR."1 Sin,—Here is a curious thing, mentioned in a letter from one of my sons at the front. He writes :— " We were cutting wire with shrapnel,...

TEACHERS AND THE WHEELDON TRIAL.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] Sia,—Many people must be interested in your excellent article on elementary teaching in the Spectator of March 17th. Teachers as a body,...

LOW-TEMPERATURE CARBONIZATION.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR ."] 615,—I have already called public attention in the Spectator to the importance of obtaining supplies of motor spirit and of fuel oil from...

THE KAISER AND THE OLD TESTAMENT. [To THE EDITOR. OF

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THE " SPECTATO:t."1 SIR, —No doubt the Kaiser draws some of his warlike inspira- tions from the Old Testament, witness the phrase, "my glittering sword," and others, but even in...

BOY-POWER AND SOLDIER-POWER.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE SPECTATOR."] Sin,—In the article on the above subject in last week's Spectator you are certainly unduly sanguine if you think that the parents of Public...

A DISCLAIMER.

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[To THE EDITO1 OF THE SPECTATOR."1 SIR, —My attention has been drawn by Sir Edwin Pears to an article in the Spectator for March 17th entitled " The Ethics of International...

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THE " SPECTATOR " AT THE FRONT.

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(To THE EDITOR. or THE " SPECT1T02."1 Sia,—It may be of interest to many of your readers to know that every Wednesday evening in our but the "News of the Week" from the...

POETRY.

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GOOD FRIDAY.* ALL, all was dark; not one small gleam of light, When suddenly, thro' Golgotha, from off the Tree A voice re-echoed, crying in the night, " My God, hest Thou...

BOOKS.

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THE CREATIVE MIND.? " Fon a due supply of persons qualified to serve God in Church and State, let us implore His especial blessing on all schools and seminaries of religious...

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A NEW TRANSLATION OF LUCRETIUS.*

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DaYnEx in the preface to his translation of Virgil says that, in giving it to the world, " he feels like a malefactor making a speech upon the gallows " and calls his offence "...

"O. HENRY."*

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Ier the training of the fiction-writer to his task, the first essential is a copious experience of life ; and few authors have experimented in so many and so varied schools as...

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THE ENGLAND OF SHAKESPEARE.• MR. Drrennerss has written a delightful

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book, and one that will appeal alike to students of Shakespeare seal to those—and they are many— who love to reconstruct in fancy the England of a bygone, and, as some maintain,...

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FICTION.

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WE are introduced to such a number of people at the beginning of Mr. McKenna's novel and the manner of introduction is so allusive that the effect at first is a little...

THE RESERVED SACRAMENT.*

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Ma. FREESTONE'S book,' beautifully printed for the Alcuin Club, is an historical inquiry into the custom of reserving the Sacrament during the first twelve centuries of the...

THE VOLUNTEER, AND OTHER POEMS.t

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Au. lovers of good poetry will welcome the new edition of Mr. Herbert Asquith's volume of poems, The Volunteer. A considerable number of poems writt en or published since the...

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British Wild Flowers. By W. Gravesen. (Headley Brothers. 7s. 6d.

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net.)—As our gardens are to be devoted to potatoes and swedes, Mr. Graveson's book is a welcome reminder that, war or no war, there will be plenty of wild flowers. Ho estimates,...

SOME BOOKS OF' THE WEEK.

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[Notice in this column dots not necessarily preclude. subsejusaf review.] A SIGNPOST TO THE MAGAZINES. Tan paper famine makes it impossible for us this month to do anything...

Messrs. Nelson send a new batch of their attractive reprints,

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including Mr. John Buchan's Salute to Adventurers, Mr. Arnold Bennett's Old Wives' Tale, Sir A. Conan Doyle's Rodney Stone (ls. net each), Miss Beatrice Grimshaw's From Fiji to...

Pitman's Business Man's Guide. By J. A. Slater. (Sir Isaac

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Pitman and Sons. 3s. 6d. net.)—A large amount of commercial and legal information is to be found in this book, which is arranged in the form of a dictionary. One interesting...

The Middle Group of American Historians. By J. S. Bassett.

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(Mac- millan and Co. 8s. 6d. net.)—This is a readable account of the " pre- scientific " historians, as the author calls them, who made history popular with the American public...

READABLE NOVELS.—Behold and See. By Lilith Hope. (Hurst and Blackett.)—A

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piteous account of the raiding of a convent in Belgium by Germans. The full horror from the point of view of the victims of such an outrage has never been more poignantly...

A List of English Clubs in 1917. By E. C.

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Austen-Leigh. (Spottis- woodo, Ballantyne, and Co. 5s.)—Over four thousand English clubs in all parts of the world are noted in the new edition of this well-known little book....

Gladstone's Speeches : Descriptive Index and Bibliography. By A. T.

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Bassett. (Methuen and Co. 12s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Bassett has compiled an invaluable supplement to Lord Morley's Life of Gladstone,. com- prising an index to his speeches from June...

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The Art of G. F. Nunn. By Margaret Munn and

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Mary Cabot. (New York : Dutton and Co. $2 - 25.)—G. F. Munn's career as an artist was cut short by an illness which he survived for twenty years, but which seems to have taken...