MAJOR TEMPLE'S TRAVELS IN GREECE AND TURKEY.

As a whole, Sir GRENVILLE TEMPLE'S second Excursions in the Mediterranean are not equal to the first, because the field of Greece and Turkey has been so thoroughly exhausted of late as to leave little either of antiquities, existing appearances., or modern nationalities undescribed. Parts of his account of Con- stantinople, however, have a more direct interest than any thing in his preceding volumes: and for several reasons. Changes take place in the Turkish capital even with more rapidity than in ours, and it is desirable to have the latest report of the march of intel- lect amongst the Mussulmans. The rank of' the author procured him more attention, both from English and Turkish authorities, than is paid to the commoa run of tourists, and obtained him access to places and scenes from which they are barred. Our traveller also, as a soldier, naturally paid considerable attention to the Turkish army ; and it is useful to have the opinion of a military man on the new threes of the Sultan, although the critic is evidently biassed in favour of the Turks. It would be wearisome to attempt to follow the route of the- Major during his two excursions. Let it suffice to say, that Na- ples was his starting-point on both occasions, Smyrna and Con- stantinople the limits of his travels. In Greece and its islands, the chief subjects that occupied his atteution were antiquities, in- termingled with occasional descriptions of the face of the country, the individuals he encountered, and the common incidents of a journey or a tour. In Constantinople and its neighbourhood, he still looked after remains and inscriptions, and scrutinized his be- loved Turks with greater closeness than be vouchsafed to the "lying and cheating" Greeks. But his leading topics are the great and great affairs. The balls of Ambassadors, the appearance of Ministers, a private audience with the Sultan in company with Sir ROBERT GoRnom, (which was only vouchsafed alter much diplomatic discussion, and a protest against the permission being drawn into a precedent,) and the examination and reviews of troops, were some of his most striking objects of attention. His chapter on the military power of Turkey may be read with advan- tage by those who are infected with the Russo-phobia. The gal- lant Major indeed does not seem to have the clearest head in the world for fully comprehending extensive questions and soundly deciding upon them; but he doubtless may be relied upon for facts before him, and his general views are not so wild as those of his opponents. From this chapter we take some passages ;—pre- mising, that the cavalry, including three regiments then raising,. would consist of 8,640 horses; the infantry, exclusive of officers, non-commissioned officers, and 19 depot battalions, of 60,800 bayonets—a pretty fair peace establishment.

TURKISH CAVALRY.

The flank squadrow, of each regiment were organized as lancers. The men are armed with sabres, made aceording to the old English light-dragoon model, a carbine slung from the belt, and not fixed in the bucket, and a pair of pistols: the lancer squadrons have no carbines. The horses are small, but active : they are chiefly taken from Moldavia and Bosnia; and have as yet cost the Sultan very little, being mostly presents from different Pashas and wealthy individuals. Very great attention is not paid to grooming them ; but the forage issued out is sufficient. The saddles and bridles ate English, and are made on the Hussar principle; but instead of using a folded blanket as we do, they employ several layers of felt joined together, which material, they say, experwace has taught them to be best adapted for preventing sore backs. I did not observe much uniformity of system in the manner of riding ; nor can this as yet be expected, considering how much the DM mode differs from the old and national uric ; besides which, the Sultan was much too anxious to see his cavalry embodied fbr work to allow the necessary time for a regular course of riding-lessons. The officers, however, and many of the men, take great pains to acquire the new seat (riding long), and much pride in showing it off when obtained.

TURKISH INFANTRY.

The men are steady under arms, manceuvre with tolerable precision, and their lines and covering are coo meet: their arms are kept clean and in good order, and the barrels of their muskets burnished. In their dress and appoint- ments, however, they look dirty and slovenly ; and, wearing Slas stock round tlw neck, have an undress appearance. The privates arealt very young men, and many are mere boys of twelve years old, who can hardly carry their fire- locks. But it is not for want of grown-up men that we find these boys in the ranks it is purposely done, and on a sound principle ; for these boys never having possessed any of the power and consequence of the Janissaties, and never having known any other system of discipline and instruction than the now existing one, will form, in a few years, a fine steady army, on which the Sultan may rely with confidence; which could not be the case if its component parts consisted wholly, or in part, of the turbulent spirits of the old school. * * Promotion lit the army is given for merit, and not by interest or seniority ; as the following. extract from one of thoir military gazettes will show. "

hammed Bey, colonel of the 1st regiment of the let brigade, and his lieutenant- colonel, Ilassan Bey, having shown but little capacity and zeal in the military service and in the execution of the functions attached to their respective ranks, have been dismissed. An examination having been held among the rakers next in rank for the purpose of replacing them, Aly Bey, lieutenant•colonel of the 2d regiment of the 241 brigade, and Kavakli Emin Bey, major in the 211 regiment of the 1st brigade, having shown greatest knowledge in the theory of war, and in the details of discipline, have been promoted to the vaeamie.. Their places also, after a strict examination, have been filled up by Asmi Efendi, commanding the 2d battalion of the •2t1 tegiment of the 2d In igade, mid by Eumer Be', major in the same corps. This latter officer has been succeeded by Mustafa, son of Yusuf, Pasha of cres."

The military tailor would be gratified by the account of the cut and colour of the different unifbrtus; the dandy by the descrip- fills of the Sultan's dress; and the lover of horse- hlesh by the narrative of a visit paid to the imperial stables, where the Major surveyed the stud with the eye of a jockey : but as the precoling extracts are somewhat professional, we will close with a few mis- cellaneous ones of a more genmal interest.

MA Run OF PoLiTENF,;s.

The only beverage was sping-water ; but when we returned to the kinslik to resume our chibonks, coffee and large goblets of excellent Cograe were banded round, even to Lady Temple ; oho, on the pipes and coffee being first brought in, been the cause of nineh discussion among the attendants.

Some of them were about to present the pipes to the cavaliers first ; this was, however, objected to by one of them, who said they should eat diit by doing, so ; for he knew from reading and the accounts of ttavellers, that in the Firenk- vilaieta, or (mutiny of the Pranks, women were consideted superior to men ; and that, in fact, the latter were nothing more than the slaves of the former. The assertion drew forth smiles of incre'dolity and the exclamations of " Im- possible!" " Nonsense !" But the man was fiem ; and it was done as he di- rected, except as regarded the Ambassador ; for he found it quite impossible to convince Lis comrades that a woman could ever, in any country, or under any circumstances, be served before an Elehi-llev.

On the 2.-ith, our Ambassador gave a grand hall in the Palace of England, at which all the great Tut hish 114n itat ies were pie-cot; and it was even sup- posed that the Sultan himself would hove In4,1.01 he The grandees com.isted of the his Efendi, Ahnted thin cud Per, H.in (.3pu,11:1 the :..;er:10,ier Hosrew Niebouniul. the S,Iihmr, Pa-1 :1 .1 the if,•sphorns,

Pasha, Genet al-in. ( hid of the A rt:h true commanded the .Navy at Xava -

rin ), Make Pee, aml severalml a r is. The bawl of -tho guards, eimipo ;•.1 em hely a y,,Iirg 11.:y0; (1■;:t.

valtzes, coti:k;:s. &e. lu.1,;11 commeue..il by their rh■ March ; oiler which n poltnai, en thtvi 1; preev pion with the French Amba..athi,s, ti. Clanhai fi.!!‘ovia., with

Temple, and the Selihimir A glia tiith At-ti ii. I, n Temple also Valtad with ,‘1, d i. al .1 duty hey. A rthdo Illicit up with divans was :kilt:Red to

Dorirg sippi r the precept•ml ii t a uu Ohl not itu tie.;:.ifineht apr, ar to be uppermost in the minds of the (Ulm 'u it.; thrcmtJo, ,1 the Champagne and limileaux bottles vanishiog w ireri uhuhiT Mei ity. they pet Laps thought that as the Koran premises to the faithful the unlimited ose of wine m the next world, it could he no vel y greet sin :1 they allowed themselves to tdie a little cicompte in this. The party did not met ire till a late hour, and seemed highly delighted with the km.

INNATE GENTILITY 01 TI1E TURES.

It may here be remarked, that one ed. the inte.t remarkable features ill the Turkish character, is the natural dignity they all possess, tvlhhi totalities thew. to bear with such rraraul ease the high t-flices so often and so suddildy conferred On irembers of the very lowest classes. A :nail to-lay is a V izeer er a Pasha, who but the day before was a porter or a boatman ; and yet, ;lam- watelliug lam closely, you feel inclined to Is here, born his manuers and bear ing, that during the whole of his lire he has held the higlieg rank in society, and not only so, but that his family Lye &ma so for successive generatioas be- fore him.

NO FRIENnsnir IN TRADE. *

The fide flowers of Georgia, of Cireassia, and of Greece, being. IS much greater value than the other slaws, and being reserved for flue Sultan or his Pashas, are not exposed to the vulgar gaze, hut are kept within doors. The Turks, for sonic time after the conclusion of the peace, were in great aiann lest (the Russians !wing in possession of the ports of the Blaek Sea, limn which these lovely objects are ex perted,) the trade should cease. The love of gold was, however, stronger than teligions principle ; and the Christian Russians have already sent several cargoes of these precious wares to the bazaars of Stanibool.

TERKISII FORAGING.

Several large detatchments of cavalry bad lately passed through this pert

of the country, either as d ' eserters or as corps returning home on the conclusion of the war with Russia; and as the men were allowed neither pay nor rations by the Government, they were obliged to forage for themselves. This is gene- rally performed in the following manner a soldier, on arriving at a town or village, dismounts at the door of any house that suits his fancy, makes the owner furnish him and his horse with what they require, and on departing asks for " teeth-money,"—that is to say, a Con:penSaliOn in money for the injury which his teeth may have sustained in devouring the provisions placed befiwe him : the landlord, in presenting the required bum, expires-es Ins hopes that the damage is not such as to prevent the soldier from returning at Some future period and honouring him with another visit. All this passes iu the grayest and most serious manner..