30 JULY 1927

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EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 13 York Street, Covent Garden,

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London, W.C. 2. — A Subscription to the SPECTATOR costs Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper. The...

The ceremony on Sunday was intensely solemn and moving. Tears

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there may have been in plenty, but of sentimentality, - nothing. Indeed; what place, what memories could have more truly purged the emotions of everything false ? Music by...

On Friday last, Mr. Bridgman and Lord Cecil attended a

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meeting of the Cabinet and reported on the Naval Limitation Conference. Similar meetings have taken place this week. The two delegates left London on Wednesday on their return...

We believe that the Japanese delegates have been most helpful

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and worked well for peaceful ends, but by all accounts the public in Japan is ill-instructed and inclined, like American opinion, to put blame on Great Britain. Possibly the...

News of the Week M EMORIALS set up in French cathedralsto

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the British soldiers killed in the War have been followed by others in Belgium. One is in Malines Cathedral ; another was unveiled by Lord Haig and dedicated in the Church of...

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It is with great regret that we learn that the

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extreme Protestants in the House of Commons, led by the Home Secretary and the Solicitor-General, intend to organize opposition in Parliament to the acceptance of the "...

The criticism of this speech was begun by Mr. Alexandet

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on behalf of the Labour Party. He brought heavy guns to bear on the results of the Safeguarding of Industries Act. In regard to the Colonial markets, he pointed out that the...

On Thursday, July 21st, the President of the Board of

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Education gave the House of Commons two reasons which seem to us conclusive against adding a year of compulsory education for every child, however much we should like to see...

The Prime Minister addressed a huge meeting in Lincoln- shire

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on Thursday, July 21st. He gave a wide review of agricultural conditions here and elsewhere and a fairly gloomy review it was, for British agriculturists are not alone in the...

On Thursday, July 21st, the Trade Unions Bill passed through

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the Report Stage in the Upper House. The Lord Chancellor, carrying out the undertaking that he gave in Committee, moved an amendment by which the mere refusal or ceasing to work...

On Tuesday the vote for the Board of Education was

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taken, and naturally the question of raising the school age came up again. Lord Eustace Percy claimed that more than ever before was being done for children over fourteen in the...

On Monday the Report stage of the Board of Trade

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vote was taken and the President gave his annual review. It could not be a cheerful speech, and Sir Philip Cunliffe- Lister was right not to make any optimistic forecast. He...

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The Annual Conference of the Miners' Federation met at Southport

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on Monday. Mr. Herbert Smith, the President, mentioned, without giving figures, the loss of members and urged the unions to work for complete membership in the districts. He...

In China the Nanking Government pursues its high- handed way

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and has lately been detaining foreign ships at Shanghai, but the 50 per cent. increase imposed on tonnage does not seem to be collected. They have made several further...

The Free State Government has introduced a Public Safety Bill

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which seems to follow in some respect the British Emergency Powers Act and to outstrip it in severity in others. A State of Emergency may be de- clared, and'drastic action...

We offer our welcome to a party of American newspaper

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editors who are beginning here a tour of Europe arranged by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. It is an excellent scheme for promoting an even better understanding...

We do not advocate change for the sake of change.

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This Revision, which is liberal in its provision of alternate use and of safeguards against any imposition on the unwilling, is the result of twenty years' care and prayer by...

Sir William Ashley, the well-known economist, died last week. He

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served this country and Canada well by his teaching, particularly on historical lines, and he was always ready to give his time and knowledge to valuable work on Commissions and...

Bank Rate, 41 per cent., changed from 5 per cent.,

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on April 21st, 1927. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 1011; on Wednesday week 1011; a year ago 101*. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 861 ; on Wednesday week...

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The World Economic Conference

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B EFORE the Conference meets again at Geneva in the autumn what more shall we hear of Great Britain's action upon the Resolutions unanimously adopted in May ? At present we...

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The Slums of Chelsea

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A BOUT a year and a half ago, the Chelsea Housing Association published the first of a series of docu- ments with the determination of enlightening the public and arousing its...

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The New Rumania

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T HE boy King Michael has peacefully succeeded his grandfather, King Ferdinand, on the throne of Rumania. Prince Carol, the young monarch's father, who renounced his rights and...

The Week in Parliament

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B Y far the most important " Supply " debate has been that which took place on the Board of Trade vote last Monday. Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister opened with a discursive, gloomy,...

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Aeroplane Jobs

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H ERE, in this closely settled little isle of Britain, we cannot find a great deal of scope for the latest possibilities of the aeroplane, beyond carrying passengers -and light...

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"Civil War in the Fens "

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A NYTHING less picturesque, at first sight, can hardly be imagined than the Ouse Drainage Bill, recently introduced in Parliament by Mr. Guinness.- Yet to those of us who love...

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A Ride on the ' Flying Fox ' E VEN Ruskin, who

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did not like railways and referred to them as " the loathsomest form of devilry now extant," would have admitted, I think, that our green monster, with her long streamline body...

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The Water Ousels

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T A RIPPLE and plash and murmur of water running so -. 7 clear among the rocks lured me to rest on the green sward by a little fall. A child could step over the stream, which...

Correspondence

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A LETTER FROM PARIS. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—You will remember that the Chamber of Deputies required three long sittings to pass a vote of confidence in the...

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Poetry

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The Orchard Song ALONG the road to Lenham, Above the hedges high, The red fruit hung in bunches As we went riding by. A country girl was singing Beneath the weighted bough ;...

A LETTER FROM ICELAND.

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Perhaps no country has ever been so completely misunderstood as Iceland continues to be. Geographically, climatically and socially,...

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Country Life

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IN ANIMALS' DEFENCE. " It's beautiful—sitting up there in the sun." So said the guide who showed me over a new building at Letchworth. He might have been recommending a...

A THISTLE SEED PROBLEM.

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Here is a little botanical problem that sounds to me quite absurd, but is vouched for by a good practical botanist. We all know how rapidly thistles may spread. Time seed is...

BRITAIN'S GIFT.

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This South African farmer will take back to Griqualand, when the party leave in October, a thoroughbred stallion, a tractor, and a bull or two. The thoroughbred is to cross with...

THE LATEST AND BEST.

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It is an old saying that it is as easy to grow the best as the worst ; and of late it may be said, among both flowers and fruits, that the best sorts are even lustier than the...

A JULY VIRTUE.

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Country folk have discovered one virtue in the weather that has otherwise and in general oppressed the whole community. It has been almost a rule that the more the barometer...

BEDFORD OR GRIQUALAND ?

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Two farmers last week were watching sheep-dog trials in Ancipthill Park ; and when the three very obstinate sheep were safely penned by two Westmorland dogs, the two found...

THE MODERN HOUSE.

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We all know—and many of us squirm at the prospect— what a multitude of pink-roofed bungalows are being built in England. But ugly though many. are, and set in places whence they...

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[To thr Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The recent articles in

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the Spectator are a challenge to us all, and especially to- everyone who takes upon himself the name of Christian. The fact is now driven home to us that the slums of this...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Like many others I am appalled at the state of the slums in Westminster and write to ask if there is anything the " Man in the Street," such as I am, can do to help. If...

Letters to the Editor

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HOW TO ABOLISH THE SLUMS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sus,—We owe, you many thanks for making the recent Report on and Survey of Housing Conditions in the Victoria Ward,...

HOUSING IN ST. PANCRAS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—As a regular reader of the Spectator for nearly twenty years, I should like to thank you for your appreciative refer- ences to the work of...

THE WESTMINSTER SLUMS AND BIRTH CONTROL

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Your admirable articles on this subject have been unfortunately used by one of your correspondents for advo- cating birth control....

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SAFEGUARDING OF INDUSTRIES

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Could any Free Trader desire a more damaging expo- sition of the Safeguarding Industries policy, now being so relentlessly applied, than...

THE ENGLISH SCHOOLMASTER IN CANADA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sra, – The Englishman in Canada hears that " Englishmen of the right type are wanted," and is duly flattered. He, of course, is of the right...

THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR.—The Indian National Congress is slowly bleeding to death. Not even the most disinterested observer can fail to be struck by the difference...

GOOD LAND AT FOUR SHILLINGS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sra,—Will Sir W. Beach Thomas give us the real cost of this " cheap " land referred to in the paragraph under the above heading ? It is...

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A SONNET IN THE OLD MANNER

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SM,—In your issue of February 12th you were kind enough to publish a letter from me, inquiring whether any of your readers could afford me...

" TO THE KING ! " : FROM THE COOK

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ISLANDS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Your readers who are interested to know where the toast of " His Majesty " was drunk in the milk of the coco-nut must refer to...

OPENING THE LONDON SQUARES

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sur,—I have read Dr. Saleeby's letter on the above subject with the greatest interest, and would like to add my voice to his in his appeal to...

IN PRAISE OF ST. HELENA

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_ [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In your issue of February 5th, Mr. Essary takes his farewell of England and he says that " should a perverse fate ever banish me to...

• HARMONY IN AMERICAN INDUSTRY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—" H. C.," in your issue of March 26th, raises the question of harmony in American industry, a change which has come about so quietly that...

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THE NIGHTINGALE IN IRELAND [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Regarding " W. W.'s" query as to whether the nightingale is found in Ireland, that delightful writer, Katharine Tynan, evidently refers, in her poem, to the sedge warbler,...

THE HUMANE SLAUGHTER OF ANIMALS [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In his Monastic Life in the Middle Ages, Cardinal Gasquet has an interesting reference to a popular mediaeval work, Dives and Pauper, editions of which were...

THE NATIONAL BOOK COUNCIL [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Will you allow me to call the attention of people who write, and of people who read, to the very excellent bibliographies now being issued by the National Book Council ?...

THE LATE JAMES FORD RHODES [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Since the family of the late James Ford Rhodes has entrusted me with the responsibility of preparing a biography of the Historian of the United States from...

SPOILING THE NEW FOREST [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Not long ago I visited the New Forest and was shocked to see the vandalism wrought upon it. The trail of the land speculator and jerry builder lies all over what is left of...

DIRECT subscribers who are changing their addresses are teed to

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notify The SPECTATOR Office BEFORE MIDDAY ON MONDAY OF EACH WEEK. The previous address to which the paper has been sent and receipt number Should be quoted.

THE ROBIN. AND THE THRUSH [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I recently . heard of an amusing little incident in bird life that took place in a friend's garden. In the ivy on the wall a thrush built a nest, and a robin...

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General Knowledge Competition

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THE prize of one guinea which the Editor offers weekly for the best thirteen General Knowledge Questions (with answers) is awarded to Miss Vaughan for the following :—...

The Legacy of Israel, planned by the late I. Abrahams,

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and edited by Edwyn R. Bevan and Charles Singer (Clarendon Press, 10s.), is a very remarkable book. The joint product of Christian and Jewish scholarship, it " deals with the...

" It is customary," says Mr. Havelock Ellis, " to

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regard Shenstone as a poet," though Miss Edith Sitwell would not agree with him here. But Mr. Ellis continues, " It is in his completely neglected prose that he is most...

There is no question that the most successful way of

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learning to swim is to practise the different strokes on land, until they become automatic, before attempting to try them in the water, and Mr. Sid G. Hedges' The Book of...

None that knew Sir Rider Haggard in the flesh would

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have denied him the quality of sincerity ; those who knew him most intimately would add to this that a fine simplicity was also one of his marked attributes. This latter trait...

This Week's Books

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GEORGE BORROW and Sir Hall Caine would have been of one mind over what Borrow styles " those disgraceful and brutalizing exhibitions called pugilistic combats." But...

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The Diogenes of Concord Walden. By H. D. Thoreau. With

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Woodcuts by E. Fitch Daghall. (Chapman and Hall. 25s.) Walden. By H. D. Thoreau. With Woodcuts by E. Fitch Daghall. (Chapman and Hall. 25s.) THERE was something of the neurotic...

THE SPECTATOR.

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Before going abroad or on their 1wlidays readers are advised to place an order for the SPECTATOR. The journal will be forwarded to any address at the following rates :- One...

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The Romance of Clothes

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Costume and Fashion. Senlac to Bosworth, 1066-1485. By. Herbert Norris. (Dent. 31s. 6d.) Mu. NORRIVS title- is a modest one, for his book is not only a pageant of fashion, it...

The Human Element in Business

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ONE reason why the Americans have gone ahead in business methods and in industrial organization generally is that they take the subject far more seriously than we do, and are...

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A Taste for Texture

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Flemish Art : A Critical Survey. By Roger Fry. (Chatto and Windus. 6s.) MR. ROGER FRY has republished a lecture which he delivered at the Queen's Hall last March on the subject...

Store of Poetry

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THE most debatable thing about Mr. Chesterton is perhaps the significance of his poetic output, yet even this presents such an imposing front to the world that when, as in this...

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WITCH WOOD. By John Buchan. (Hodder and Stough- ton. 7s.

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(id.)—Mr. Buchan has written no more engrossing or satisfying story than this. Vigour of narrative is admirably combined with variety and strength of characterization, and the...

Fiction.

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Utopographers and Stupids Meanwhile. By H. G. Wells. (Bann. 7s. 6d.) AFTER the monthly appearance of The World of William Clissold, the Spectator published a guide through...

THE HAUNTED HOUSE. By Hilaire Belloc. With 25 drawings by

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G. K. Chesterton. (Arrowsmith. 7s. 6d.)—. A wicked and not altogether well-bred aunt ; a disinherited nephew with a gift for ventriloquism ; an ancestral home basely put into...

The Quarterlies

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UNDER the title " The Educational Problem and its Solu- tion," Mr. Livingstone, writing in the current number of the Edinburgh Review, pleads the cause of adult education and...

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THE MOTHERS : A STUDY OF THE ORIGINS OF SENTIMENTS

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AND INSTITUTIONS. By Robert Briffault. (G. Allen and Unwin. 3 vols., 75s.)—If we can only draw attention to Mr. Bri ff ault's tr uly monumental work, filling over two thousand...

THE CONDUCT OF MEDICAL PRACTICE. By the Editor of The

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Lancet and Expert Collaborators. (The Lancet. 10s. 6d.)—Laymen as well as members of the medical pro- fession will find Sir Squire Sprigge's symposium interesting and edifying....

PHILIPS' HISTORICAL ATLAS. By Ramsay Muir and George Philip. With

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the Collaboration of Robert McElroy. (G. Philip and Son. 15s.)—Good historical maps are essential to the understanding of history, but they have not been easy to obtain in...

Current Literature

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THE SEVEN AGES OF VENICE. By C. Marshall Smith. Illustrated. (Blackie, 10s. 6d.)—The author of this book would probably not claim for it the attention of the serious historical...

'A NOVELIST'S TOUR OF THE WORLD. By Vicente Blasco Ibanez.

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Illustrated. (Butterworth, 218.) — " Gordon came back to Egypt and began his campaign with one of those romantic gestures which only he could think of. Instead of asking for an...

SELECT BRITISH DOCUMENTS OF THE CANADIAN WAR OF 1812. Vol.

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III. Part I. Edited by Colonel William Wood. (Toronto : The Champlain Society.)—As we turn over the pages of this series of documents, which reveal British blundering, Indian...

NARRATIVES OF SOME PASSAGES IN THE GREAT WAR WITH FRANCE

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(1799-1814)). By Sir Henry Bunbury. (Peter Davies. 10s. 6d.)—Sir John Fortescue, in an intro- duction to this reprint of a neglected book, calls it " on the whole the best...

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EUSEBIUS, BISHOP OF CAESAREA : THE ECCLES- IASTICAL HISTORY AND

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THE MARTYRS OF PALE- STINE. Translated with Introduction and Notes by H. J. Lawlor and J. E. L. Oulton. Vol. I. (S.P.C.K. 10s. 6d.)- Mr. Oulton, who is a lecturer at Dublin...

Insurance

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ABOUT BONUSES.--II. ON July 16th I said a little about the sources of surplus out of which bonuses are paid. We will .. now consider some of the principal methods of bonus...

Answers to Historical Questions

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1. Mary Queen of Scots.--2. The side of the Commonwealth ; he was Cromwell's Secretary for Foreign Tongues.-3. Queen Anne Boleyn, at her own request.-4. James VI. became James...

A Library List

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MISCELLANEOUS :-Tonbridge School Register, 1847 to 1926. By H. E. Steed. (Rivingtons. 20s.) The Chronicles of Osiris. By " El Eros. (Rider. 10s. 6d.) The Chung Yung. Translated...

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Financial Notes

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HOLIDAY MARKETS. Wm! Bank Holiday at hand, marking, moreover, the beginning of the holiday month of August, it is not surprising that there should have been both a restriction...

Finance Public and Private

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Our Declining Trade IN the course of a discussion in Parliament last week on the trade of the country, introduced by the President of the Board of Trade, Mr. Lloyd George said...

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METROPOLITAN DIVIDEND DISAPPOINTMENT.

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Considerable disappointment was occasioned to the Railway Market at the end of last week by the fact that the Metropolitan Railway Company announced its interim dividend at a...

A PROSPEROUS UNDERTAKING.

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The annual Report of Mitchell and Butlers, the well-known Birmingham brewers, must have been read with satisfaction by the shareholders. In spite of the high costs of coal...

RISE IN CUNARD SHARES.

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The rise in the shares of the Cunard Steamship Company continue to be accompanied by all kind of rumours of fusion or absorption, and in view of the fact that the shares this...

Motoring Notes

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England's Lakeland No part of Britain can offer such varied scenery and so much motorina e' enjoyment for its size as that small area known as the English Lake District. The...

V. O. C.

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Very encouraging statements and forecasts were made at the recent meeting of the V. 0. C. Holding Company by the Chairman, Viscount Bearsted. Some months ago the Chair- man had...

RALLY IN RUBBER.

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Despite fresh alarms, chiefly via the United States, with regard to the possibility of a huge increase in rubber output through a new process of bud grafting, the market for...