13 JANUARY 1917

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Since our last issue the Germans have captured Braila, one

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of the chief Rumanian granaries, though we fancy that they found it innocent of grain. They have also taken Focsani, which seemed to be doomed when we last wrote. By the capture...

Of course the check may be purely temporary. The best

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news from Rumania is that the Rumanian Army which retired through the Russian lines is resting and re-forming itself. Let us hope that it will perform this operation after the...

M. Trepoff has ceased to be Russian Prime Minister after

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being only six weeks in office. He is succeeded by Prince Golitzin, who some time ago denounced M. Stiirmer in the Council of Empire for permitting corruption and pro-German...

The fighting on the Western front has been marked by

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the usur/ raids, which continue through mud and sleet, light and dark. It is impossible to enumerate them all, but on the balance the ad- vantage has been greatly on our side....

Dr. Michaelis, Chairman of the German Imperial Grain Office, in

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an article in the Ifolnische Volkszeitung, has warned his country- men that they must not expect peace to bring plenty :- "There exists a widely prevalent hope that when peace...

King Constantino has in form yielded to the latest ultimatum

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from the Allies, and apparently is to be allowed a fortnight to carry out his promises. This ultimatum required the complete acceptance of the Allies' Note of December 31st...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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A s wego to press the terms of the new War Loan are being explained at a great meeting at the Guildhall. The speeches of Mr. Lloyd George and Mr. Bonar Law are the fanfare...

The Russians are conducting a new offensive on the Riga-

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Jacobstadt line. The papers of Tuesday reported that they had opened well by taking about eight hundred prisoners and sixteen guns. The Germans said that their own...

We very much doubt, however, whether hungry people will be

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impressed by this logic and discover a new appetite for fighting.. The result, -4e should think, would be to increase the general depression. Dr. Michaelis may have exaggerated...

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We heartily believe in the patriotism of the farmers, but,

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after all, high prices are the best incentive to every man who is earning his living by production. Nor arc high. prices, disadvantageous for very long to the public, for they...

The Food Control Department has issued an important notice fixing

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the prices ef wheat, oats, and potatoes for 1917—wheat 60s. per quarter, oats 38e. 6d. per quarter, and potatoes from 115s. to 130e. per ton. These prices are fixed in the...

Our articles last week on State Purchase seem to have

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caused equal annoyance to the representatives of the Trade, the moderate Prohibitionists, and the extremer advocates of temperance. That was no doubt to be expected in a...

Our policy is not a teetotal policy but'a tear policy.

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During peace we are perfectly content that men shall satisfy their desire for intoxicants in moderation. In such a war as this we cannot afford tO let them do so. But, argue...

Mr. Prothero explained his agricultural programme to a meeting of

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Bedford farmers last Saturday. The duty of the farmer, he said, was to grow all the food he c-auld for man and beast. The farmer was not to be bribed by the possibility of...

In the end President Wilson failed to obtain the Senate's

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approvaL It declined to commit the United States to the serious and nn- limited obligations implied in the President's offer to co-operate in a League of Peace after the war....

In the first place, we feel that while the Government

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insist that we are a beleaguered city, it is madness to go on turning, food, stuffs into intoxicants. That side of the matter is, however, fully dealt with in the - fable which...

The Allied Governments met in conference in Rome on Saturday

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and Sunday last. Mr. Lloyd George and Lord Milner, with AL Briand and M. Albert Thomas and the Russian Ambassador, were the leading delegates to Italy. IL Briand has explained-...

There has been a sudden but transient Cabinet crisis in

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Madrid, sn account of the refusal of the Romanones Mired/7 to follow President Wilson's lead in making pacific overtures to the belli- gerents. The German colony and their...

Any one who comes to close quarters with the subject

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will soon find, las we have done, that the Trade is far too powerful for such a plan to succeed. They have far too much influence over the Press and over both polit;cal parties...

The debate in the United States Senate last week on

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Senator Hitchcock's resolution endorsing the President's Note was memorable for a strong speech from Mr. Lodge. After administering a stinging-rebuke to Count Bernstorff for his...

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The Presidential Address delivered at the annual meeting of the

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Classical Association by Lord Bryce on Friday, the 5th inst., was a reasoned defence of the Humanities, all the more effective for its moderation. Lord Bryce admitted frankly...

After an interesting digression on the value and limitations of

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translation, Lord Bryce devoted the remainder of his address to adducing grounds for the belief that the values, commercial and literary, of modem languages did not outweigh the...

M. Maeterlinck, addressing a great meeting in Paris last Sunday,

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sternly rebuked the neutrals for their comparative indifference to the monstrous cruelties perpetrated by the Germans in Belgium. They had done something, he admitted, for the...

Granted that the consumption of liquor is a luxury and

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not a necessary, its elimination at the cost of seventeen millions a year would be cheap indeed. It would set free some hundred and sixty millions of purchasing-power. However,...

If we buy out the Trade, the loss, if war

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Prohibition or Restriction, which is tantamount to Prohibition, is found necessary, as we believe it will be, will fall upon the State. There will then be nobody to forbid us...

Another point remains to be considered. We are told that

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the expense will be too great. We do not agree. But before we argue that point we desire to answer the question asked by the if est- tat:4er Gazette at the end of its article :...

We do not, however, desire to go into these details,

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for we are not trying to convert the Temperance Party to Purchase. Once more, we desire Purchase because it is the direct road to the two war measures which we want : (1)...

It will be perfectly safe for the promoters of Purchase

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to pledge themselves to automatic reduction in the number of public-houses. No one, except under a system of insane com- petition, could desire to see half-a-dozen public-houses...

That mighty hunter, Captain Frederick Courteney Scions, has, to our

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deep regret, been killed in action in Fast Africa. He was nearly sixty-five. At the age cf sixty-three he took a oommission in the Royal Fusiliers and went out to Africa to hunt...

Bank Rate,6 per ceAt., change I from 5 per cent.

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July 13th, '16.

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THE ROME CONFERENCE AND BONDS OF ALLIANCE. T HE decisions reached

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at the Conference at Rome have not yet been given to the world. There is, however, strong evidence that they satisfied the representatives of all the Powers present, and that...

TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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A FABLE FOR THE TIMES. THE BELEAGUERED CITY. There was once a city which, though its armies were victorious, was in dire straits for food. . The General Officer Commanding...

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AUSTRIAN POSSIBILITIES. - O NE of the gravest mental errors made

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by this country during the war has been its preoccupation with Germany. No doubt Germany is the villain of the piece. No doubt Germany dominates, or up till now has dominated,...

HOW TO FIND LABOUR FOR THE LAND N ECESSITY has breathed

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a new spirit into agriculture, and ways and means are being devised on every hand for greatly increasing our home production of food. The amount of food produced here has become...

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THE NEW WAR LOAN. THE 4 prospectus for the third of

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the great Loans to be raised during the present war was issued on Friday morning, and within a few days' time it will be possible to form an opinion as to the success of the...

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THE MERCHANT SEAMEN.

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W E have been told by the President of the Board of Agriculture that wo live in a beleaguered city. Naturally, therefore, we watch with keen interest the arrival of the food...

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" DEVIL'S WOOD."

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T O those who passed through the hell of it I suppose it will always be the Devil's Wood ; but to one at least it will be a memory of grandeur and of glory. He had lost a son...

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CORRESPONDENCE.

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GERMANY'S PERIL.—II. WILL THE GERMAN ALLIANCE BREAK UP 1 3 (To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECIT202."1 Sm,—In discussing the war, its duration and its probable outcome, people consider...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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THE WAR LOAN. ITO THE EDITOR Or THE " BPECTATOR."1 Sia,—The following should at this moment inspire your readers. It is the eloquent and soul-stirring appeal made by the Bishop...

COLLECTING SAVINGS BANKS.

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(To THE EDITOR Or THE " SPECTATOR."1 Sin, — Every facility for saving is now so valuable that I desire to draw attention to the system of Collecting Saving Banks, by which the...

" DOWN GLASSES."

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ITo TEE EDITOR Or THE " SPECTATOR.") SIR,—An engineer, a young relative of my own, employing about forty men mainly upon naval work on the East Coast, told me he had occasion...

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THE ALLIED TERMS HELIGOLAND.

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(To THE EDITOR or etre " SPECTATOR.") SIR,—The terms you outline are suggestive and valuable, but they take no cognizance of the necessity of providing for the occupation of...

(To THE EDITOR OF THE "SPECTATOR.") SIR, —The passage from the

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letter sent by "J. C. F.," and con- tained in your issue of January 6th, regarding the drinking customs in Glasgow is most misleading, and I would have thought that before...

(To THE EDITOR or THE " SFECTETOIL.") $IR,—A constant reader

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of the Spectator is getting very tired ef the "Down. Glasses," Prohibition, Alcohol and Food, &o., &c., agitation. Can't the matter be settled some way, or leave it alone? We...

ALCOHOL IN FRANCE.

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Fro THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTAT011."1 Sie,—It should encourage temperance• reformers in this country to know that the evils of alcoholic consumption in war time are even more...

BREAD VERSUS BEER.

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(To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."' SIR,—There are two mutually contradictory agitations in course of promotion : (a) The total Prohibition of the sale of intoxicants during...

A PHASE OF THE DRINK PROBLEM.

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(To THE EDITOR or THE " SpEcraTort.") Sia,—As I have carried on my work in a hospital through which scores of overseas soldiers go as patients, I have positively winced at some...

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A SHAKESPEARE AUTOGRAPH.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") Sia,—In reference to the interesting paper on " A Shakespeare Autograph" in the Spectator of December 30th, Lord Tennyson, in his excellent...

DOWNING GERMANY.

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[To THE EDITOR OP THE " SPECTATOR."] ria,—All the peace messages on earth do not alter the fact that Germany ought to be downed. The enclosed cheque for five hundred dollars is...

NOT NEUTRAL.

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[To THE EDITOR OP THE "SPECTATOR."] Sia,—The enclosed may give you an idea of how I look on the Boches. Let me say right here that I am not a neutral in spirit. Had I two good...

MR. F. W. WHITRIDGE : AN APPRECIATION.

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[To mix EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR:1 SIR,—In these days of international difficulty we can ill spare a personality like Frederick- Whitridge, who died in New York on December...

A YEAR OF LINCOLN.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,—As you seem to have been drawn to Abraham Lincoln by recent events, perhaps the enclosed would interest you. It is from the Saturday...

A QUOTATION FROM WALT WHITMAN.

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[To THE EDITOR OP THE " SPECTATOR."3 Sie,—For our own encouragement, may I borrow from America's " good grey poet " the following quotation as a reply to President Wilson?— " We...

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POETRY.

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Tans is the night of a Star. Dusk grow window and wall; A Cross unseen floats red o'er the wreck of war; Silences fall In the house where the wounded are. " Good-night to all!...

BOOKS.

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CHARLES LISTER.* IT is not less than a privilege to be allowed to see into the mind and heart of one who went forth to meet his fate in this war as a bridegroom rejoicing. It...

TO THE WRITER OF " CHRIST IN FLANDERS."

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ON the battlefields of Flanders men have blessed you in their pain : For you told us Who was with us, and your words were not in vain. All you said was very gentle, but we felt...

A VOICE FROM AUSTRALIA.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " EIPECTATOR."] Sra,—Not long ago a middle-aged couple entered a Perth suburban train. Both sat silent, and the woman, looking neither to the right nor...

THE BARRETT INQUIRY.

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[TO THE EDITOR OP THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR, — You have wisely printed that which every officer cognizant of the Army Act and King's Regulations has been saying during the past...

THE LATE E. A. ABBEY, R.A.

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[To THE EDITOR. or THE " SPECTATOR."] SIR,— Having been invited by Mrs. Abbey to write a. memoir of the late E. A. Abbey, R.A., may I ask such of your readers as have letters...

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THE VA T.T.F.Y OF DECISION.* IT would not be quite

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fair to say of this book that it is a long sermon on the war. It is very interesting, and sermons are apt not to be very interesting. All those people, however, who grumble and...

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FORTY YEARS AT THE CRIMINAL BAR.* Ix his preface the

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late Mr. Purcell says that his book consists not of " mere recollections but revision of notes written while the facts and circumstances were alive in my mind and my nerves...

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PENCRAFT.*

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Ma. WATSON'S plea for good workmanship in literature, and especially in verse, is a spirited little essay in which certain modem idols are soundly berated. A reference to "the...

RECONSTRUCTION.t

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Ir is generally as well to meet the cynic or pessimist half-way and concede the right of sarcasm or depreciation at our expense whichever way things turn out. Here is an...

NEW VOLUMES IN THE "LOEB LIBRARY."*

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TRESS new volumes of the " Loeb Library " arc all of first-rate interest. First among them, from the point of view of the general reader, one must undoubtedly place that which...

FICTION.

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THE SPRING SONG.t MORE than half of Mr. Forrest Reid's story is a pure delight : the rest makes for what we are old-fashioned enough to think unnecessary sadness. It is not that...

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Annuals and Biennials. By Gertrude JekylL (Country Life. 7s. 6d.

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net.)—This will be an attractive and also a practical book for the amateur gardener in happier times than these, when flowers must give way to vegetables in every suitable...

Boons or REFEEENCE.—The Post Office London Directory for 2917 (Kelly's

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Directories, 45s.), including the county suburbs in one great volume, has made its appearance with commendable punctuality for the New Year. It has been revised with the usual...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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[nth* in this column does not necessarily preel.ae subssiusnl regrew.' The Verdict of India. By Sir Mancherjee M. Bhownaggree, K.C.I.E. (Hodder and Stoughton. 2d.)—This...