27 DECEMBER 1930

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It is just possible, however, that circumstances will cause Mr.

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Lloyd George to change his mind. It is remarkable that Liberal Council Notes (the organ of the Liberal Council) says in its December issue, " We agree with Mr. Harcourt...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 90 Cower Street, London, W

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.C. 1.—A Subscription to the SPECTATOR code Thirty Shillings per annam, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper. The Postage on...

News of the Week

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The New Viceroy of India THE Government have at least done one immensely popular thing at the end of a very unsatisfactory session. They have proposed Lord Willingdon as the...

If the Government had chosen a Viceroy from the Labour

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Party they could not possibly have found anyone so well equipped as Lord Willingdon. His outlook on life and politics has always been essentially liberal—a word which in this...

Some people would prefer the Second Ballot, in spite of

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all the trouble and expense, to the Alternative Vote -on the ground that nobody really knows what his second preference ought to be until he has seen the results of the first...

Electoral Reform On Friday, December 19th, the Government presented their

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Electoral Reform Bill. It introduces the Alternative Vote and for the rest proposes to divide two-member constituencies, to abolish University constituencies and the " business...

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The French Government

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The new French Government under M. Steeg had a narrow escape at their first meeting with the Chamber on Thursday, December 18th. They got a majority of only seven on a vote of...

Parliamentary Congestion and the Lords Everyone deplores the growing congestion

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of work in the House of Commons. It has become the excuse for several " viewy " devices for " speeding up " democracy. We are convinced that the Labour Party is making a wild...

The Chamber has already adjourned for Christmas and it will

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be interesting to see what happens during the recess. There may be some feverish accommodations. M. Steeg will have to decide either to become progressive enough to command the...

Unemployment in the United States

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The Washington correspondent of the Times says that unemployment in the United States is " far worse than has ever been responsibly admitted." The Adminis- tration acts. on the...

The Minister, after consulting the President of the Board of

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Trade, may lay any scheme before Parliament. If neither House rejects it within a certain period it will come into force. All producers who adhere to a particular scheme must be...

It might seem so far that the Marketing Boards have

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it all their own way—that they will be able to use their monopoly of marketing to the public injury. But here come in the Committee of Consumers and the Com- mittee of...

The Agricultural Marketing Bill The text of the Government's Agricultural

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Marketing Bill was issued on Friday, December 19th. Its purpose is " to enable schemes to be made for regulating the marketing of produce." As had already been stated it is a...

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Mr. J. W. H. T. Douglas

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Mr. J. W. H. T. Douglas, who was forty-eight years old, was a versatile sportsman. At Felsted he was a remarkably good school-boy boxer and he more than fulfilled the promise of...

Bank Rate, 3 per cent., changed from 31 per cent,

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on May 1st, 1930. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Monday 1G211 ; on Wednesday week, 1021 ; a year ago, 105, Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Monday 981 ; on Wednesday week, 941 a...

Sir Harry Perry Robinson

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We regret to record the death of Sir Harry Perry Robinson at the age of seventy-one. He was a most versatile writer—special correspondent, novelist, natural- ist—with a clear,...

Judges and Politics in Australia

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In the absence of Mr. Scullin, the Prime Minister, and Mr. Brennan, the Attorney-General, the Australian Cabinet has decided to appoint two Judges to the High Court. Mr. Brennan...

The Wreck of the Oberon' The fogs which have prevailed

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for some days over much of Northern Europe caused several accidents at sea, the worst of which was the sinking in the Kattegat of the Finnish steamer ' Oberon.' She was run...

The Waterlow Case

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The judgment on Monday against Messrs. Watcrlow, the old and respected firm of printers, for some hundreds of thousands of pounds ended an almost unprecedented tale of ingenious...

Retrenchment in Italy In the Senate on Thursday, December 18th,

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Signor Mussolini reviewed the financial condition of Italy and declared that the recent reduction of the salaries of all State employees was inevitable. They had to share the...

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The Trade Disputes Bill

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T HE Government have laid the foundations for some perilous building in the next session. . The Trade Disputes Bill and the Electoral Reform Bill have, indeed, almost a common...

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Pax Domini

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By EVELYN UNDERHILL. [Miss Underhill sums up the " Challenge to Religious Orthodoxy " lip to date. We shall welcome correspondence from our readers (not necessarily for...

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193o Architecture : Its Successes and Failures

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BY CLOUGH WILLIAMS-ELLIS I T is, indeed, a strange and disastrous anomaly that, whereas there is at this moment a greater galaxy of architectural talent in this country than...

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Agriculture: An Anniversary and Some Comments

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BY OLIVIA ROSSETTI ACRESTI. A GRICULTURE and its distresses have acquired of late unwonted prominence in the political press ; and it is for this reason that the International...

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The American Home

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BY IRIS BARRY. drINE word often on American lips is " home." It kl strikes oddly on my English ears when they say that such a film star has three homes, that such a couple are...

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Christmas in Baghdad

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BY F. S. TAMILA, my landlady, and Michell, the shoemaker, 'EY her husband, are Syriac Christians from Diarbekr, and they belong to that part of the sect which Rome has gathered...

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The " Spectator's" . Oldest Reader

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BY DAVID PLUNICET. O NE often sees photographs in the newspapers of some old man or woman who has reached the remarkable age of one hundred or even one hundred and two, and one...

Ghost Story Competition

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By DR. M. R. JanEs. [We asked the Provost of Eton to select the best from a dozen of the large number of stories submitted to us. He comments on these and has chosen the one...

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"Here He Lies Where He Longed To Be"

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You won't believe this story ; you'll say it is all moonshine. I should say so myself, if I did not know it were true. But whenever I think it must have been a dream, I see...

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M u s i c Now IS THE TIME. Ok' CAROLLING.] IT is my

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experience that the carol season begins earlier each year. It was on November 6th that I heard the first street carol this year. A choir of three small boys, with the black of a...

Hearthstone

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NOT Vainly have all ages held divine The hearth, the lonely chastities of thought; There nightly is the holy battle fought By dark primeval and the soul a-shine. The stones are...

Next Leek

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" THE STAMP COLLECTION " : A story by - KAREL . &APEK "StisAN Arm JOHNNIE" by BERNARD DARWIN A REVIEW or Da. J. C. FLOGEL'S PSYCHOIA/GY OF CLOTHES."

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WHITEWASHED VERMIN.

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It is a welcome sign of the times—of the coining of a humaner wisdom—that the characters of all sorts of vermin are being whitewashed, even in quarters where sport is the first...

Curious anomalies, that displease many sportsmen, are to be found

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here and there. The loudest and most continuous bombardment that I have heard this year proceeded not from any guests at the Great House but from a posse of keepers. They are...

In very many places the shooting syndicates arc a by-word.

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There is no objection to a syndicate as such. It is the natural method of approach to sport for men who are not overburdened with money ; and there are many admirable syndicates...

As an example I may give an extract from a

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letter from a country rectory that is situated in a district almost unknown to me :— " I hope you will not let this matter, this ' slur on English sport' drop. All that you say...

Customs that are the very negation of British sport are

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becoming established even in Scotland. Gangs of alleged sportsmen, who have no love of the place or knowledge of its ways, take a moor on the understanding that everything is...

A VILLAGE DOMESDAY BOOK.

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Mr. Maxwell and others in association with Community Councils are persuading Kent schoolchildren to make village surveys. It is 800 years since the first, and best, of these was...

A delightful maxim was quoted the other day in The

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Field. It represented the advice of an old and old-fashioned sportsmen to a beginner. " First shoot what you want to give away. 'then what you want to eat. Then stop." It...

A VILLAGE H. Q.

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One of the villages that most fruitfully co-operated was the tiny hamlet of Idbury, which is on the way to become a sort of headquarters of what is called " rural bias." In its...

Country Life

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SLUR ON SPORT. A number of letters reach me—some of them from ardent Sportsmen—urging that public opinion should be organized against such abnormal indulgences in killing birds...

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Letters to the Editor

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PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS FOR INDIA [To the Editor , of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Speaking to the Liberal candidates at the National Liberal Club on December 5th, Mr. Lloyd George said :...

VOLUNTARY HOSPITALS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sta,—If your correspondent, Mr. Bowyer, would extend his enquiries, I think he would find that almost all the large provincial hospitals in...

RELIGION AND CHURCHES

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I was looking forward with some interest to an article on the question of the organized Church being necessary to religion, but Mr. Joad...

DUMPING

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—If you want to attack any method or policy, there is no simpler way than to give it an absurd name. " Dumping " condemns itself. Yet how...

FREE TRADE AND LOW WAGES

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—May an ordinary citizen, who is honestly trying to find his way through the fog of fiscal controversy, seek enlighten- ment on one point...

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DULL SERMONS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SHI,—I perhaps overstep my province in attempting to traverse the charges made by Mr. Clayton in your issue of December 13th, against the...

DIVORCE

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[To the Editor of the SrEerxron.1 Sni,—Most ehurchpeople will, I think, feel that both the writer on " Divorce," and the previous writer, who in an article on irreligion...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sot, —Mr. Clayton does well to attack the number and quality of the sermons preached to-day. Unfortunately, it is not generally realized that the Prayer Book only orders one...

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"Afternll . what is a Sportsman ? As I understand the breed,

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he is one who has not merely braced his muscles and developed his endurance by the exercise of some great sport; but has in the pursuit of that exercise learnt to-control his-...

"SPORTSMAN "

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR —I have seen in your issue of December 13th that Mr. Graham does not seem to understand the definition of a " sportsman." I enclose what...

PERFORMING ANIMALS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—In your current issue there are three replies attacking Lord Lonsdale for his opinion upon trained and exhibited animals, and as one who...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin.,—Lord Lonsdale, in his

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letter to you, in which he states that he suppoits Mr. Mills' Circus, concludes thus : " I in no way hold any brief for local and travelling Menageries, for I fear I dislike...

VIVISECTION

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Stn,—Sir Humphry Rolleston has been permitted to speak to the countless wireless listeners in praise of vivisection. He said, " we should not...

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. RUSSIAN DUMPING [To the Editor of the SrEcr.vron.1

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Sm,—In 1920 Messrs. Hutchinson published The Memoirs of Alexander Isvolsky, who in 1906-1910 had been Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, and after that until the Russian...

THE MOSLEY MANIFESTO [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—In times of drought, famine or pestilence the Zulus and other South African tribes demanded a witch doctor who would bring rain, give them abundant crops and restore...

BURNS AND THE BIOGRAPHER [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—My attention has only just been drawn to a letter hi your issue of November Sth, from the author of the latest life of the poet Robert Burns, in which the Burns Federation...

FORCED LABOUR IN RUSSIA [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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is all to the good that Mr. John Harris is ventilating the relation between forced labour and slavery, though Dr. Johnson settled the matter summarily by defining slavery as...

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THE TRUTH ABOUT CANCER [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sm,—A few days ago the British Empire Cancer Campaign published a popular volume, The Truth About Cancer. It minimizes the cancer danger, tells us that " there is at birth an...

POINTS FROM LETTERS

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CHRISTMAS PRESENTS FOR HOSPITALS. Why should not hospitals generally take advantage of the excellent proposal put forward by the chairman of the Royal Ear Hospital, London, for...

A Hundred Years Ago THE " SPECTATOR," DECEMBER 25th, 1830.

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Sra WALTER Scorer. At the meeting of the creditors of Sir Walter Scott, which was hold at Edinburgh on the 17th instant, the following resolution was unanimously passed : "That...

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A Genius of Common Sense

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ONE of the first pieces of advice William Cobbett had to offer to the young men and (incidentally) the young women of his day was that they should start, " I beseech you, with...

The Discovery of America

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Leif Eriksson. By E. F. Gray. (Oxford University Press. Ile. ) Looms there the New Land, locked in the shadow ; Long the gods shut it, niggard of newness, They, the o'er-old....

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M. Pomcare's Memoirs

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BRF.NCK statesmen, with the aptitude of their race, can gener- ally write a thesis with enchanting compactness, but it by no means follows that they reject the practice of...

Plato and the Present IT is natural, for one reason,

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to put these two books together. They are both cast in the same mould of form. They both ask, and seek to answer, the question, "What would Plato think of us, if he were moving...

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Monstrosities

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The Mystery and Lore of Monsters. By C. J. S. Thompson, M.B.E. (Williams and Norgato. Its.) A CATALOGUE of the sub-human monstrosities that have been reported from primitive...

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Chinese Civilization

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Chinese Civilization. By Marcel Granet. (Kogan Paul. 25s.) Cin - Na. has been cursed by the extravagances of her numerous friends no less than by those of her detractors, who...

Pirate or Paladin ?

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The Jameson Raid. By Hugh Marshall Hole. (Allan. 15s.) " THE true story (says Mr. Hole's publisher) of that astonishing adventure." That Jameson's Raid on the Transvaal was...

Tennyson Returns from Limbo

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Tennyson. By Humbert Wolfe. The Poets on the Poets Series. (Faber and Faber. 3s. 6d.) Ir might have been expected that the author of The Uncelestial City, in writing of...

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St. Bruno's Sons

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The Carthusian Order in England. By E. Margaret Thompson. Published for the Church Historical Society (S.P.C.K., The Carthusian Order in England. By E. Margaret Thompson....

"When Icicles Hang by the Wall"

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A Winter Miscellany. Edited and compiled by Humbert Wolfe. (Eyre & Spottiewoode. Ss. fid.) LIKE the majority of anthologists, Mr. Wolfe begins with an apology. Yet what does he...

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STRANGE MARRIAGE. By Netta Syrett. (Geoffrey Bles. 7s. 6d.)—Miss Syrett's

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book develops a situation well enough, but unfortunately it is a situation which for modern readers has only an academic interest. Given a boy of fifteen, whose ignorance of the...

A WOMAN ON HER WAY. By John Van Druten. (Putnam.

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7s. 6d.)—It is meant as a compliment when we say that Mr. Van Druten's book reminds us of an amateur photo- grapher's album of snapshots. He has a genius for capturing the moods...

MORNING SORROW. By John Rothenstein. (Constable. 0s.).—The theme of this

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book is well worn, but it has been treated with a refreshing and almost parable-like simplicity and dignity. It is a study of the early life of a young village girl and her...

ESME'S SONS. By A. R. Weekes. (Constable. 7s. 6d.) —Miss

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Weekes' new novel, which, her publishers assure us, is " by far the most passionate and moving story she has yet written," has a subject of unusual promise. Algy and Sydney,...

GUNMAN. By F. C. Coe. (Mundanus. 8a), -Gunman presents an

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exciting and vivid picture of American crime. The story deals with the activities of Antonio Scrarvak, a prosperous egg merchant and king, in his neighbourhood, of bootleggers...

IN MASQUERADE. By Margaret Behrens. (Jenkins. 7s. Od.)—It is a

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difficult task to write a light, nonsensical tale in a manner which does not have the effect of boring the reader after a short time, but Mrs. Behrens has produced an excellent...

THE GOVERNOR OF KATTOWITZ. By Graham Seton. (Thornton Butterworth. 75.

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6d.)—We have here a book of intrigue and espionage, so thrillingly and convincingly written that it is difficult to believe the author is not recording actual facts, which a...

Fiction

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BROAD ACRES. By J. E. Cranswick. (Constable. 7s. 6d.). —This is a long and rather complicated account of country life and manners in Yorkshire in the 'eighties. The story hinges...

The " Little Review "

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My Thirty Years War. By Margaret Anderson. (Knopf. Its.) THE reader who knows the Little Review will know about Miss Anderson, but in this country many more will have heard of...

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The late Mr. A. Hadrian Alleroft was an accomplished and

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enthusiastic archaeologist who was specially interested in prehistoric earthworks and trackways and loved the South Downs. His intimate knowledge of Sussex is well displayed in...

As a young man William Windham cultivated the friend- ship

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of Dr. Jolmson, who had known his father. He sat by the bedside of the aged man of genius, lonely then and battling against mortal illness and the fear of death. Boswell was...

-The words ad facinus militare damilabiliter promptus might have been

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written by the mediaeval chronicler of Dr. Sidney Spencer Broomfield, the author of Kachalola (Peter Davies, 10s. 6d.), so more apt was he to war than to diplomacy with the...

The Day Schools of England, by Ronald Ginner (Dent, 35.

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6d.), is addressed primarily to those who believe that the day school must be a second best." Taking the worse half of his task first, Mr. Gurner compares day schools with...

When Mr. Gladstone's surviving executor presented to the British Museum

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a few months ago the mass of his father's important papers, the Times published a series of eight selections from them. These have been reprinted as a small book, The Gladstone...

Some Books of the Week

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DURING the past month the books most in demand at the Times Book Club have been :— NoN-FicrioN : The Apple Cart, by George Bernard Shaw ; The Kangehenjunga Adventure, by F. S....

Mr. Cecil Jane, who recently published in the " Argonaut

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" series a translation of the narratives of Columbus's voyages, has now begun for the Hakluyt Society a new edition of Major's Select Documents Illustrating the Four Voyages of...

The British Broadcasting Corporation has issued from Savoy Hill at

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one shilling a second pamphlet of Broadcast English. Mr. Lloyd James sets out the recommendations of the Corporation to its " announcers " upon the pronunciation of English...

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* * * *

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A century of admirable work is well outlined by Dr. H. R. Mill in The Record of the Royal Geographical Society, 1830-1930 (published by the Society and by Stanford and Murray,...

In view of the financial crisis in the Commonwealth, Pro-

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fessor Edward Shaun's Economic History of Australia (Cam- bridge University Press, 18s.) is timely and serviceable. The author holds the Chair of History and Economics in the...

Anyone who knows Switzerland will delight in Mr. G. R.

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de Beer's engaging and well-illustrated hook on Early Travellers in the. Alps (Sidgwick and Jackson, 10s. 6d.). From the sixteenth to the end of the eighteenth century the flow...

Probably few people know anything about The Office of the

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King's Remembrancer, so that Sir G. A. Bonner, who, as Senior Master of the Supreme Court (King's Bench), has held the office since 1926, has done well to write its history and...

M. Paul de Cassagnac has been fortunate in a good

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translator (Mr. Guy Knowles), so that in his French Wines (Chatto and Windus, Cis.) the tenuous aroma of his style, like some rare Vouvray which he discuss s, is preserved...

In Mr. Murray's " Wisdom of the East " series,

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which has already done such yeoman service in promoting a better understanding between East and West—between the old world of thought and the new world of action—Miss Helen M....

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Mr. Britten Austin's To-morrow (Eyre and Spottiswoode, 10s. 6d.) is

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a series of twelve stories originally published under the title of " Toward the Millennium." Are we really progressing anywhere ? the author asks us. " Haply, the meteor which...

One of the most important needs of modem aviation is

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for international co-operation with regard to flying routes. Mr. Claude Grahame-White, himself a distinguished pioneer of flying and an accomplished writer on the subject, makes...

Dr. Duncan Main of Hangehaiv, known in China as Dr.

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Apricot of Heaven Below (Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 6s.), - was a medical missionary in Hangchow. The story of his hospital and the religious and sanitary results of his...

Few Englishmen have had a wider experience of Turkey than

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Sir Telford Waugh, for when he retired last year from the position of Consul-General at Constantinople he had had forty-four years service in that country. Eski dost dushman...

A New Competition

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THE EDITOR offers a prize of five guineas • for the best New Year resolutions for eight of the following members of the public. No resolution should be more than 20 words in...

A new view of Horatio Nelson (Jonathan Cape, 10s. 6d.)

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cannot but prove attractive. We all desire to hear more about the private lives of heroes whatever our pride may lead us to say. But Mr. George Edinger and Mr. E. J. C. Neep...

Contemporary Thought in India, by Dr. Underwood (Wil- liams and

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Norgate, 5s.), is a useful but not brilliant conspectus of the political; social; and religious movements among the two and a-half million English literates who leaven a lump of...

The publishers deserve congratulation for bringing out a popular volume

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on archaeology at such a low price as six shillings. Two hundred and forty pages of letterpress and a large number of illustrations are good measure indeed. The Romance of...

Mr. Hugh Walpole writes a little preface to The Secret

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Valley (Warne, 2s. 6d.), now in its second edition. Mr. Nicholas Size has, he thinks, succeeded in capturing the mysterious atmosphere of the English Lake Country. The little...

The Adorable Duchess (Allen and Unwin, 12s. 6d.) is to

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all intents and purposes a historical novel. Some historic characters seem to have slipped out of fiction into the actual past. Such a character is the Duchesse de Berri. In...

General Knowledge Questions

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Oust weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to Miss G. Pitt, 8-6, Wyndham Crescent, N.9, for the following :— Questions on...

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Finance—Public & Private

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The Past Year IN next week's issue I shall, with even more trepidation than usual, be writing something in this column with regard to the possible trend of financial...

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MEXICAN EAGLE.

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The interim report of the Mexican Eagle Oil Company was a fairly good one. The directors state that increased production in shipments is expected to offset the decline in...

Financial Notes

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QUIET MARKETS. THE final fortnightly settlement of the year was concluded on the Stock Exchange without the disclosure of any difficulties. The commencement of the account was...

CARRERAS.

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An improvement in the shares of some of the Tobacco Companies has been stimulated to some extent by what was regarded as a satisfactory Report of Carreras, Ltd., while at the...

Answers to Questions on Angels

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I. Saint Thomas Aquinas.-2. To Daniel (Daniel viii. 16), to Zacharias (Luke i. 19), to Mary (Luke i. 26).-3. In " Paradise Lost "(1. 392).-4. The Catholic Apostolic Church.-5. "...