12 MAY 1928

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This encounter led to a general outbreak of fighting between

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the Nationalists and Japanese all over the town. Up to the night of May 3rd there were apparently about 2,500 Japanese soldiers at Tsinanfu. As they were immensely outnumbered...

Japan has decided to send at least 25,000 troops to

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Shantung. Two cruisers are also going to join the twenty or so destroyers at Tsingtao. Public opinion in Japan is expressing itself quietly ; there are no furious demands for...

News of the Week

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F VENTS at Tsinanfu, the capital of Shantung, have caused the Japanese to take a step which all the Powers concerned in China have so far been able to avoid. They have occupied...

It was on Thursday, May 3rd, that fighting began between

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the Nationalists and the Japanese troops which had been sent to protect the considerable number of Japan- ese at Tsinanfu. The Japanese forces had expected trouble, as there is...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 13 York Street, Covent Garden,

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London, W.0.2. —A Subscription to the SpEcTsTon. coats - Whirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper....

Page 2

We would have given much to be able to get

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inside the minds of the Soviet leaders who have been entertaining King Amanullah with regal ceremonies in Moscow, or inside the mind of King Amanullah who must have had strange...

General Smuts spoke the whole truth at Cape Town on

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Monday when he said that the Kellogg proposal offered a new opportunity to correct the balance of the world. The League had been left lopsided by the abstention of the United...

In the meantime the fighting has ceased at Tsinanfu though

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the Nationalists are objecting angrily to the Japanese demand that they must withdraw seven miles on each side of the railway. On Wednesday a surprising thing happened, which...

The recent General Election in Prance proved, fun6Q other things,

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that the people of Alsace were not altogether' comfortable and were phiYing with the thought of sonic kind of Home Rule. M. Pohicare had this fact in mind when he spoke on...

At the end of last week the text of the

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Currency and Bank Notes Bill was published. The Bill provides for the fusion within six months of the present Treasury notes with the Bank of England notes. In future, that is...

When we write the Government have not yet made their

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expected statement on Mr.' Kellogg's peace proposal, _ but we are confident that the reception will be wholly sympathetic. The delay in announcing the British policy—though we...

Sir Harcourt Butler's Committee has - completed its tour of

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inquiry into the Indian States, and Sir Harcourt has made known his conclusion that the quality of administration in these States is continually improv- ing. The Committee has...

The Engineers have presented their Report on the London Bridges,

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and it confirms the forecasts. They propose, instead of the double-deck road and rail bridge at Charing Cross—the Lee Commission's scheme—a new road bridge at Charing Cross...

Page 3

On Tuesday, Oxford University rejected both schemes for the future

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of the Bodleian. One scheme was for an entirely - new Library on a new site. - The majority against this proposal was overwhelming, and no doubt rightly so, as nobody knew where...

The result of the Nottinghamshire Miners' Ballot was announced last

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Saturday. The question was whether the miners should be officially represented by the old Notts Miners' Association, or by the Miners' Industrial (non-political) Union created...

We regret to record the death of Mr. Barry Pain,

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at the age of sixty-three. Cambridge men of the early 'nineties will recall their delight and sense of proprietor. ship in the discovery of an authentic new humorist when In a...

It seems almost certain that Lord Grey of Fallodon will

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be elected . to succeed Lord Cave as Chancellor of Oxford University. The opposition, if there was any of a serious kind, has died, away and Lord Grey's election will be...

The Home Secretary stated in the House of Commons on

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Monday that he had ordered an inquiry into the recent arrest of Sir Leo Chiozza Money in Hyde Park. This is satisfactory as the public are undoubtedly perturbed by the series of...

Mr. Spencer said that the ballot will make no difference

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at all to his union or to its relation with the owners. " Our members and funds are increasing," he declared. Altogether, the ballot was a strange performance. The moderate...

Cambridge University has followed the lead given her by Oxford

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in forming a Preservation Society. Cambridge, it is true, has not been alarmed by the imminence of grave spoliation, but she is nevertheless wise to form a Society and put it...

Bank Rate, 41 per cent., changed from 5 per cent.,

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on April 21st, 1927. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 1(..0 ; on Wednesday week 101 ; a year ago 100 x.d. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 90}; on Wednesday...

Page 4

Prince Carol and Rumania

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R UMANIA has for years been so unstable, her politics have been so - corrupt, her finances so depressed, and the peasants so poor, that to describe her condition as critical is...

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Help for Agriculture

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T HE adversities of agriculture have been greater during the past five years than at any time in living memory. Even the depression in the seventies of last century, when much...

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The United States After Thirty Years

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VI.—The Naval Misunderstandings r E nearest approach to hostility or annoyance which I observed in Americans was when they were talking to me about the Geneva Naval...

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The Week in Parliament

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1 OR a couple of hours on Wednesday evening of last week the proceedings in the House of Commons were 'reduced to the level of broad farce. A little comic relief was eminently...

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Impressions of Sweden

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[We are glad to publish the following travel sketch from the Dean of St. Paul's. Next week we shall give General Baden-Powell's opinions on the same country.—En. Ppectator.]...

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Real People in Books

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T HE dispute over who really was the Mary who had 1 - the little lamb is still ramifying. It began, you may, recollect, with Mr. Henry Ford being so impressed with the merits of...

The Voice of the Inaudible

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IN the heart of trees and plants runs a rhythm as planned, as orderly, as susceptible to the shudder of fear or to the jubilance of life as the pulse that beats in our own...

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Mu si c [COVENT GARDEN OPERA : " ARMIDE " AND "

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SIEGFRIED 1 UNTIL last week Armide had not been produced in London for twenty-one years. I did not hear Destinn when she sang in this opera in 1907, but I can hardly iniagine a...

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Art

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THE ROYAL ACADEMY. Wukr strikes one most on visiting the Royal Academy for the second time is the mediocrity of the exhibition as a whole. On the other hand one cannot fail to...

Correspondence

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A LETTER FROM FLORENCE. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—The Florentine season this year started rather badly owing to the lack of sunshine in March and the paucity of...

Page 12

Two SUNDIAL. MCYTTOES.

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The alluring subject of sundial mottoes has been revived by the account of the garden of the author and only begetter of British summer time, whose dial " only records summer-...

THE VALUE OF THE ROAD.

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And where do the workers come from ? Where do they live ? The answer is curious. In one village, where a factory has recently been established, most of the workers —many of...

THE NEW ENGLAND.

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Now life to-day is peculiarly exciting because society is changing with visible rapidity in response to the rapid growth of mechanical and physical invention. In this...

A MAY RECORD.

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The beauty of England this first week of May has astounded even the most constant lover. The sunny warmth fell upon a land soaked with water and upon a rather dilatory spring....

Country Life

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FACTORY VILLAGES. Not one, but scores of smaller factories are now moving out into our country villages. The change, immensely accelerated by the spread of electric power, has...

DELHI VERSUS SURREY.

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It is one of the charms of writing—especially in the Spectator—that bread cast upon the waters often, very often, returns after many days from overseas. Last summer a list...

THE LOVELIEST VILLAGE.

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Is it possible that a part of his ideal is being more or less automatically realized, without the purposeful building of garden cities or what politicians would call ad hoc...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—Your correspondent Mr. Rochford

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suggests that it is injurious to this country to pay for imports by the interest on our investments abroad but beneficial to do so by exports or services. He argues that we do...

Letters to the Editor

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BUY BRITISH GOODS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] pnt,—I should like to express my appreciation of your courteous, if cautious, reply to the psychological problem which I...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Stu, Mr. Gilbert Beard is undoubtedly right in suggesting that America—and the same is true of any other protected country—" takes the goods she does want," and refuses to...

" THE SCHOOL IN THE FOREST " AND " THE

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SCHOOL BY THE SEA " f To the Editor of the. SPECTATOR.] Sue,—In connexion with the excellent article on " Open-Air Schools," in the Spectator for April 28th, your readers may...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Your correspondent Mr. Gilbert

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Beard advances the argument that shipments _from the U.S.A. to Great Britain are paid for by shipments of " tea, tin, rubber, &c., from India, Malaya, and China, which are in...

Page 14

A PLEA FOR SMALLER SCHOOLS [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.) SIR,—For all of us interested in the real education of our children there is a growing dread lest these big institutions to which we are almost compelled to send...

MR. DRINKWATER'S "BIRD IN HAND " [To the Editor of

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the SPECTATOR.) . Sin,—Just a plea for the play that captures and holds the _ atmosphere of any part of our remaining old . England. Mr. Jennings kicks at " local and...

THE N.F.U.

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• [To the Editor . of the SPECTATOR.] your issue of April 21st I ventured to suggest that the reply of the National Farmers' Union Secretary (Spectator, April 14th) to Sir...

" DEMOCRACY AND OUR OLDER PUBLIC SCHOOLS " • [To

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the Editor of the . SPECTATOR.] trust you will forgive me being late, but may I be allowed strongly to protest against the reflections on the Labour Party contained in the...

THE GREEK EARTHQUAKES . [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sut,—In spite of its total destruction by earthquake twice in seventy years, Corinth is to be rebuilt on the. same site, that is about , three and a half miles north-east of...

Page 15

AN INVITATION TO BRITISH SCHOOLBOYS [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] Sir,—In your issue of February 11th you were kind enough to print a letter conveying an offer of scholarship and enter- tainment to two British schoolboys during...

SUNDAY SERVICES FOR GOLFERS ?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I think the idea is well worthy of consideration by golf club committees. I believe it was the Vicar of Birkdale, in Lancashire, who...

THE BUDGET AND RATING RELIEF [To the Editor of the

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Sracraroa.] Sni,—While the Budget has been hailed by many as wonderful and constructive, it is lamentably unfair. Why is the rating relief to be given to producers—as such,...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—I do not think " Rural Dean's " suggestion of a short service at a club house during an interval of play is one that would advance or tend to the increase of true...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sur,—In sympathy with the

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" foiled devotion of unpastured souls hungering for worship," so aptly described by " Omnia Vincit Voluptas," may I suggest the adaptation of the portable Tibetan praying wheel...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Roger Wethered's letter in your issue of May 5th is his golf play, straight and to the point. If those who play games on Sunday would realize that there is no con- , demnation...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Srli,-L-Speaking as a secretary

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of a golf club and also as one in Holy Orders, I absolutely condemn the suggestion of " Rural Dean " in your issue for April 28th. In this city we have an ancient cathedral and...

Page 16

Poetry

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Apple-tree Sarni° beneath this apple-tree That sheds its petals down on me, How could I need Danites gold showers, More deftly touched by richer flowers, How could I need her...

LIVE HORSE EXPORT TRADE — [To the Editor of the

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SPF.eTATon.] SIR, —I agree with Mrs. Matthew's condemnation of the cruel export of horses for butchery, but I cannot agree with her that it "goes on steadily without let or...

CRUELTY OF NEGLECTED TRAPS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR, —I enclose a cutting which bears on your articles on the cruelty of neglected traps. How many hundreds are there that we do not hear of ?—I am, Sir, &c., R. M....

HOW TO KEEP YOUNG [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Does not. Mr. E. F. Benson, in his article " Athens " in the Spectator for April 21st, give the secret in a phrase ? " She saw all that she achieved as a starting-point...

ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI .

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —It is proposed to hold a Franciscan Studies Summer School at Oxford next August 3rd to 10th. The general subject of study will be the...

Page 17

LITERARY SUPPLEMENT

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TO Ole 5p e etator No. 5,211.] WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 12, 1928. [GR ATIS.

Page 19

A Philosophy of Life

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Acaoss his little lease of earth Man like a giant strides : Tremendous schemes oppress his brain Like unreposing tides. Missing the substance, grasping straws, And tricked with...

A King in Exile

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Rossetti : His Life and Work. By Evelyn Waugh. (Duck- Worth. 12s. 6d.) ;` You must not say anything against Rossetti. Rossetti was a king," murmured Whistler whimsically in...

Page 21

Flint Cut Flint

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Tins author's name has lodged in my mind ever since, some years ago, I read her novel Martin Schuler. It was a remark- able book, carrying me away in a tumult of emotion, so...

Page 23

The Lair of the Minotaur The Palace of Minos at

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Knossos. Vol. II. By Sir Arthur Evans.: (Macmillan. Two pirts. £7 7i.) IN the last quarfer of the nineteenth century the work of the excavators had its greafest triumph ; for...

Page 25

Fouch6 and Napoleon

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Fouche:. The Man Napoleon Feared. By Nils Forssell. Trans- Translated and Edited by Julian Park. (Allen and Unwin. 128.) LORD WOI-SELEY once wrote that, though he considered...

Page 27

Our Army To-morrow The Future of the British Army. The

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Problem of its Duties, Cost and Composition. By Bt. Major B. C. Dening, M.C., R.E. (Witherby. 10s. 6d.) On Future Warfare. By Colonel J. F. C. Fuller, C.B.E., D.S.O. (Sifton...

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Historical Siftings

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Romances of History. By H. Greenhough . Smith. (George Newnes. 2s.) ROMANCE and mystery always exercise their spell, especially when the romance really occurred, and the mystery...

Page 30

Oriental Pottery and Porcelain

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The George Eumorfopoulos Collection. Catalogue of the Chinese, Corean and Persian Pottery and Porcelain. By R. L. Hobson. Vol. VI. (Ernest Henn. £12 I2s.) This Volume brings to...

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London : Printed by W. SPEAICHT AliD SONS, LTD., 98

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and 99 Fetter Lane, E.C. 4, and „ Published by THE SPI CT TOP, Lin., at their 0ffiees, No. 13 Ydrk Street, Covent 'Carden, London, W.C. 2.—Safurday, May 12; 1928.

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- As a lucid and reasonable account of Economic Problem's

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in Europe To-day we may commend the series of lectures by experts delivered at Birmingham University, and edited by Mr. Henderson Pringle (A. and C. Black, 5s.). Mr. George...

Mr. PrieStley's Apes and Angels (Methuen, 5s.) is rather puzzling.

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He uses the simplest materials, and trusts to hold us by making us see what he reviews in memory and by his comments on this passing show. But he is showing us more than he...

A man's style, like his appearance, often takes something from

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his profession. No reader of Sir Francis Lindley's pleasant Diplomat Of Duty (Benn, 12s. 6d.) can fail to note its Foreign Office flavour, and this although the book is about....

Two books which cover a great deal of the same

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ground are Powers and Pillars, by Herr Rudolf Kircher (Collins, 25s.) and Westminster Voices, by Mr. James Johnston (Hodder . and Stoughton, 12s. 6c1.). Herr Kircher's is pure...

We wish that Sir Arthur Willert's Aspects of British Foreign

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Policy (Oxford University Press, 9s.) could enjoy a wide distribution throughout Europe and even in England, where our foreign policy is almost as much misunderstood as it is...

Some Books of the Week

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THE new_volumes of Sir John Fortescue's edition of The Corm. spondence of King George III. (Vols. V. and VI., Macmillan's, 25s. each) offer no exciting historical controversy...

We must congratulate Mr. H. W. Household on the second

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volume of his Hellas, the Forerunner (Dent, 3s. 6d.), which bears the explanatory sub-title The Glory Fades. The glittering age of Pericles, the beauty of Alcibiades, the...

(" More Books of the Week " and " General

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Knowledge Competition" will be found on page 742.) Our weekly " League of Nations" page has again to be held over until our issue of May 19.

The Competition

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Ova next competition is a simple one and will be judged strictly by popular vote. We ask our readers to give us the names of the ten greatest living writers in o f order of...

Page 34

Our. Holy Places

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The Pilgrlin Shrines of England. Deiteribed and illustrated by B. C. Boulter. (Philip Allan. 108. Bd.) Tax religious pilgrimage is an exercise of piety which hangs rather...

Who will be President ?

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MR. Mmomm's short critical biographies of the PreSidential candidates , in the United States are opportune. No doubt the book has been •produced as quickly as possible and it...

Page 35

Mr. Bennett Looks at Life The Savour'. of Life. By

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Arnold Bennett. (Cassell. 6s.) Tnxsu " essays in gusto ", glitter like the author's many- faceted and brilliant personality. He goes into Westminster Cathedral and writes about...

Page 36

Readers wishing to let their countny or town houses, or

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seeking country - or seaside accommodation for the summer months, are imaged, to- inform the many thousands o readers of the SPECTATOR, by advertising in the small classified...

From Coffee-house to " Universal Provider "

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A History of Lloyd's. By Charles Wright and C. Ernest Fayle. (Macmillan 25s.) " Now to Lloyd's Coffee-haute ; he never fails To read the letters and attend the sales." Tins...

Page 37

The Larger Life of the Church

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Towards a Christian Commonwealth. By Gladys M. Edge: Privately printed by the Athenaeum Press. THOSE who obtain their knowledge of the Church of England from the accounts in...

Some Good Advice

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Better Business. (Cadbury, Bournville). " THERE is nothing so revolutionary," wrote Matthew Arnold years ago, " because there is nothing so unnatural and so convulsive to...

Page 38

. The Traffic in Women This is an extremely well written

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book in a typical, rather cynical, French style. But in regard to two points, rather serious objection can be taken to it. The writer insists that in eighty per cent. of cases...

Self Defence : Ancient and Modern WE wonder what the

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first of these titles conveys to the unitiated ? Let the incautious admirer of Mr. Farnol's own accustomed delicate fancy beware. Mercutio is present in this as in all his...

London Lore

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Wanderings in Medieval London. By Charles Pendrill. (Allen. • Illustrated. 10s. 6d.) Losrnox is like Africa. The main features of both are now explored and tolerably well...

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BROOK EVANS. By Susan Glaspell: (Victor Gollancz. 7s. 6d.)—The fiction

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of this distinguished dramatic author is not so tense and subtle as her plays - and the psychology of her latest novel is more unequal than its careful style. Naomi Copeland...

FiCtion

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Romance and Realism Mr. Hodge: and -Mr. Hazard. By Elinor Wylie. (Heinemann. The English, Miss: )3y R. H. - Mottran' (Chatto and Windt's. WHEN Elinor Wylie writes, I...

THE AGE OF REASON. By Sir Philip Gibbs. (Hutchinson. 7s.

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6d.)—This novel, with its admirably vital picture of post-War society, might more appropriately be called " The Age of Pleasure." Sir Philip Gibbs does not whip the dead horse...

Page 42

ASHENDEN, OR. THE BRITISH AGENT. By Somerset Maugham. (Heinemann. 7s.

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.6d.)—Ashenden is a British spy in war-time Europe. His adventures take him into many countries and bring him into contact with all sorts of Odd and impressive characters, of...

Another shrewd and graphic book by Mr. Dark is his

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analy- sis of five Deans, Colet, Donne, Swift, Stanley, and the present Dean of St. Paul's. (Five Deans. Jonathan Cape. 7s. 6d.) The book aims at being something more than...

AMBITION. By Arthur Train. (Scribners. $2.50.) This well-known, American author,

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whose High Winds we reviewed favourably last year, gives us another vividly colOured, but essentially convincing, study of smart society in modern New York. Simon Kent, whose...

The rapidly- growing interest of-Canailians in The:history of their -

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great country. is exerriplffied :1y7.1d 'itt.i.zretive new edition ofDollier de:C,asson's Histcrrilof Moitifeal:(1)enk The author was a French missionary who \vent to Canada in...

Lord Edward Gleichen writes a very useful and practical introduction

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to his book on London's Open-Air Statuary (Longmans, 21s.), pointing out, among many things, how-the smoke-polluted atmosphere of London destroys to a great extent the beauty....

THE MYSTERY OF THE BLUE TRAIN. By Agatha Christie. (Collins.

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7s. 6c1.)—Mrs. Christie has written another enthralling mystery story, in which she reintroduces Hercule Poirot, the fascinating little French detective. The ingredients of...

More Books of the Week (Con/in:text frot;i, pa g e 733.)

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Mr. Dark has been very fair to his bad men in Twelve Bad Men (Hodder and Stoughton, 12s. 6d.). He has, in fact, been too fair to be picturesque. Judge Jeffreys, Cellini, Cesare...

General Knowledge, Questions

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Questions on Hats' and Head-sear Ova weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to Miss Todd, Soberton, Hants, for the following...

Page 45

Of the American oil-wells sunk in accordance with the advice

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of geologists 85 per cent. proved productive, whereas of those sunk at random only 5 per cent. were successful. This statement, quoted on the first page of Professor J. W....

Quite recently Mr. W. E. Woodward, the American novelist, .published

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a study of Washington (reviewed in our columns) :which tended to belittle the quality of that great man as a soldier. In the novelist's opinion Washington was a pretty ordinary...

The craft and art of woodwork was distinguished in England

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by a, great sweetness and sincerity. It had its roots in the soil as firmly as the timber hewn for the carver's hand. True, its trophies are of a perishable and easily...

We have had previous occasion to mention the excellent :quality

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of the travel-books published by Messrs. Seeley, Service, and The Isles of King Solomon (21s.), which describes Mr. -1-lopkins's experiences during twenty-five years spent in...

The object of Biological Bases of the Evolution of Music

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(Oxford University Press, 3s. 6d.) is to enunciate the principles that help us to arrive at the essence of the evolu- tion of music. The late I. I. Kryzhanovsky shows that music...

The latest volume of The Official History of Australia in

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the iYar. of 1914-1918 (Vol, K... The _Australians at Rabaul. , By S. S. Mackenzie. Sidney : Angus and Robertson ; London : the British Australasian) gives a detailed account of...

Answers to Questions on Hats and Head-Gear

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1. The Miss Barkers in Cranford. - 2. Samuel Pepys in his Diary.-3. Rosalind refers to the woollen caps which were ordered by statute in the reign of Elizabeth to be worn on...

A Library List HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY :-Oude in 1857. By

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Col. John Bonham. (Williams and Norgate. 5s.)-George Sand : The Search for Love. By Mary Jenney Howe. (Brentano's. 21s.)-Men of Destiny. By Walter Lippmann (Mae- millan. 10s....

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Finance--Public and. Privite

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Industry and Finance.-- 1. - . WHENEVER the 'point is raised that industry fails to 'procure from banks all-that is required in the way of .credit facilities, there are one or...

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INSURANCE PROGRESS.

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Not the least interesting feature in the good report of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company is the excellent result achieved in the Fire Department. Some time...

Motors and Motoring

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British Cars Overseas.—The Square " Engine THE export of motor vehicles of all kinds, both for private and commercial purposes, is vital to the future welfare of British...

Financial Notes

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FINANCIAL Ac-rivrrms. THERE is every appearance of the month of May being characterized by great activity in finance. Notwithstanding firm money rates on the other side of the...

THE HIGHER DIVIDEND JUSTIFIED.

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In the Fire department the profits for the year amounted to as much as 9•1 per cent. of the premiums. Interest earnings, it may be pointed out, practically cover the...

For reports of company meetings, see pp. x., xi. , and

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xii.