16 JULY 1927

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News of the Week

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A FTER a period of painful doubts, which are not yet dispelled, a plenary meeting of the Naval Limitation Conference at Geneva was called for Monday, but it was put off till...

Great Britain has shared with Southern Ireland the shock of

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horror with which both countries heard that Mr. Kevin O'Higgins was brutally shot on Sunday by a band of men who waylaid him as he was walking alone to Mass from his house at...

The experts, while still unable to put forward any agreed

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figures . for cruisers, issued on Friday a report in which they recommended that for destroyers the maxi- mum displacement should be 1,850 tons for leaders and 1,500 tons for...

On Thursday, July 7th, the Upper House rejected the Liquor

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(Popular Control) Bill. Lord Dunmore gave it the best support that it received. We are not blind to the objections to measures that favour forms of local option, the...

To him more than to anyone else is due the

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successful establishment of the Civic Guard, and he had to bear the terrible responsibility for firm action in 1922 and 1923, when possibly Southern Ireland was saved from worse...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING OFFICES : 13 York Street, Covent Garden,

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London, W.C. 2. — A Subscription to the SPECTATOR costs Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper....

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On Monday the House passed in Committee the clause of

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the Aliens _Bill which in effect makes permanent the War-time restrictions on the entry of aliens to reside here. The temptations to do as others do and keep our country to...

The Foreign Office vote was taken on Monday, when Mr.

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Ponsonby made wide and gloomy criticisms. The Secretary of State answered defending the present diplomacy that is conducted by responsible ministers at Geneva. The intercourse...

* * * * On the whole Lord Winterton's picture

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of India was satisfactory and was accepted by the House with much less adverse criticism than we have been accustomed to in recent years. Finance was extremely successful in...

The Nanking " Government " has announced its intention to

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abolish likin and the accomplished fact of the imposition of increased surtaxes on goods and tonnage dues, partly to provide compensation for the loss of likin.' The...

The Committee Stage of the Finance Bill came to an

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end in the House of Commons on Thursday, July 7th, without any serious alterations. The preference on Colonial refined sugar, the subsidy on beet-sugar, and some of the "...

The Japanese seem to find great difficulty, as we do,

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in reading the signs in China. They have taken the strong measure of ordering 2,000 troops to move from Tsingtao inland to Tsinanfu, the capital of Shantung. Their place at...

The French Chamber has been greatly exercising itself over the

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Electoral Reform Bill and all kinds of obstructive tactics have been used, but the Bill was passed on Tues- day. The Government has shown its preference for the scrutin d'...

Last week the Minister of Health announced in the "House

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of Commons that the _ Rent Restrictions Acts would be included in the Expiring Laws Continuance Bill. That is to say, they will remain in force in their present form. Though the...

After such long operation most of the small dwellings in

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the country must be directly or indirectly affected- Certainly one may say that the Acts affect the whole of any " slum area," such as that in Westminster, which we have lately...

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The- band of farmers from South Africa who are visiting

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Great Britain this year have been received by the King, and at the Mansion House, Smithfield Market, and elsewhere. The speeches of ex-Governors-General of the Union and of our...

H.M. the King of Spain has paid us another visit

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as a private guest. He is always welcome, and this time he has brought us a fine gift, which has been added to the Natural History Museum. It consists of a family of Spanish or...

The forces of nature have done much damage this week

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. Violent thunder and rain storms in Great Britain are a small matter compared with those reported from abroad. We regret the heavy loss of life caused by floods in a mountain...

London is not yet " empty," but people are making

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their holiday arrangements. And this is the time when we would again appeal to the landlords and managing committees of London squares and gardens, begging them to try to make...

The National Union of Railwaymen held their Con- ference at

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Carlisle last week, and we mentioned their very proper resolution to oppose the Trade Unions Bill by constitutional means only. Since then they passed a resolution in favour of...

Bank Rate, 41 per cent., changed from 5 per cent.,

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on April 21st, 1027. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 101 1 1 ; on Wednesday week 10011; a year ago 1001. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 881; on Wednesday...

On our side we can claim to disarm anyone who

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might taunt us on ancient scores by our naive readiness to celebrate Independence Day or the Norman Conquest or anything else in good fellowship. Usually not much accurate...

Last week saw events which we hope have strengthened the

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Entente Cordiale. The Prince of Wales went to PS.ris and on Friday laid the foundation stone of the British College which is to rise up in its place in the Cite Universitaire...

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Geneva

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N OT for the first time, when the country has been puzzled by what it hears of international or other discussions, has Lord Grey uttered some words that at once strike the...

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How to Abolish the Slums

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H O W are we to tackle this appalling question ? The average man (and it is for him we write) who seeks Information about slums is confronted with such a mass of Blue-books and...

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Bankrupt Farmers

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A GENERAL fear is abroad and has been sedulously fostered that English farming is on the edge of an abyss. Bankruptcies, which have been not infrequent, are likely to...

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The British Opportunity in America

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T_TAVING attempted to outline the attitude of the 1Z United States towards Great Britain, I may now say a word or two about Great Britain's attitude towards the United States, a...

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Herman Melville and Liverpool

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I F the spirits of the departed are capable of revisitin g this mortal plane, then surely the shade of Herman Melville will be present when His Majesty the Kin g opens the...

The Week in Parliament M R. RAMSAY MACDONALD opened the debate

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on the House of Lords with the best speech he has made durin g the lifetime of the present Parliament. He is still far from well, and, perhaps in conse q uence of this, spoke...

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Europe by Air in a Week

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No. II.—Safety, Comfort and Cost B EFORE an Imperial Airways passenger aeroplane takes off, the ground mechanics run the engines up to their full revolutions, and inspect all...

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Snails, Wild Strawberries, and a Nodding Owl

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Q QUDDENLY the rain ceased, larks flew up out. of the clover, and the wind, that had been blowing in from the sea all the grey July afternoon, fell to a faint musical harping in...

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Correspondence

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A LETTER FRO31 CONSTANTINOPLE. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Snt,—Constantinople is rapidly becoming a city of sights and wonders. Nowadays a traveller can penetrate into...

Music

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[INTERNATIONAL MUSICAL FESTIVAL AT FRANKFORT.] Frankfort, July 5th. Tuts is the fifth annual festival of the newly founded Inter- national Society for Contemporary Music. The...

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Poetry

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Seven Days ONE too strange for tongue to tell Came to speak with me ; He opened a door where no door is And closed it fast with a key. He moved to my side in his grey green...

A LETTER FROM PRAGUE. [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—The musical season this winter has been one of the fullest and most brilliant of late years. Apart from the excellent concerts given by the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and...

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Letters to the Editor

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THE SLUMS OF WESTMINSTER [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Silt,—All who desire to see the bad housing conditions, which arc still so prevalent, remedied by a wise and...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In your account of

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the shameful housing conditions under which men and women have to live in parts of the City of Westminster you ask, How are we to lead these thousands in Westminster, these...

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THE REFERENDUM [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—The Spectator

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has deserved well of the republic by its persistent advocacy of the Referendum, which is more than ever necessary now that the movement to amend the Parliament Act seems to have...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —As a worker of

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many years' standing in the City of Westminster, I welcome the Report of the Survey Group which concerns itself with a particular Ward of the City, not purely because of its...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —Your last interesting article

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on the Slums says " the writer has grasped at the outset that what is vaguely called ' the problem of the slums' is, in the first instance, a problem of re-housing." I beg your...

OPENING THE LONDON SQUARES [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR, —Very soon many hundreds of thousands of London school children will have their holidays, which must almost wholly be spent in London. Their houses are dangerous, and the...

HORRORS OF THE STEEL TRAP [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] have read with much interest the letters on t4 " Horrors of the Steel Trap," and I am most grateful to` Mrs. Poole and W. Worthington for their excellent letters, A...

THE PROPOSED GAELIC COLLEGE FOR THE HIGHLANDS [To the Editor

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of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —A Lowlander with a strong affection for the Highlands and with a deep appreciation of the charm of their people, I suggest a further argument in support...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I feel I must

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write and congratulate you on the work that you are doing to expose the great cruelty of steel traps— and I do hope it may be crowned with great success. I can endorse every...

A UNIVERSITY CITY FOR LONDON [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] SIR,—On Friday, July 8th, the Prince of Wales laid the foundation stone of the British College in the new Cite Universitaire at Paris, having already opened the...

MODERN INDIA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Igta,—I do not know Dr. Rutherford, either personally or by reputation, but the review of his book, and his subsequent letter to the Spectator;...

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WHAT IS CONSERVATISM?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Slit,—The basis of our Constitution and the principal reason why it works with us, is the willingness on both sides to play the game, and the...

" A GOOD CUP OF COFFEE " [To the Editor

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of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —There are only two kinds of coffee beans known to English commerce : (1) Coffea arabica, which is aromatic, and (2) Coffea robusta, which has a very...

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THE LAST QUARTETS : A LETTER FROM YUNNANFU

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] the Spectator of March 19th, which recently has come to hand, there is a letter on the subject of Beethoven's Last Quartets. Writing very much...

ANOSARFADA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Mr. Frank's emendation of Sir W. Beach Thomas's story calls for the companion story also current in the days of my youth. This was a bill...

THE NIGHTINGALE IN IRELAND

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sra,—In your critique of " six poets " in the Spectator of June 25th, Katharine Tynan's poetry is referred to and a verse given as an example...

A " REFORMED " PUBLIC-HOUSE [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] Sia,—From time to time articles and letters have appeared in your columns dealing with the companies formed for the promotion of reformed public-houses. The last...

TO SAVE THE GOLDEN VALLEY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—May we ask you to help us to remove the unfortunate impression which has got into circulation that the Golden Valley at Hindhead is...

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In our review of Mood Without Measure (Faber and Gwyer)

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by Mr. Richard Church, appearing in our last issue, the price was given as 3s. 6d. in error for 2s. t3d.

Those of us who love sport and Nature are well

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catered for nowadays : journals are published for our delectation ; the Keartons and all their attendant school photograph for its ; a great newspaper is given up wholly to our...

Mrs. Hornibrook's Wholemeal (Heinemann, is. 6d.) con- tains pronouncements from

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eminent doctors on the subject of wholemeal bread and some excellent recipes. Whether or not, as Sir Arbuthnot Lane says, " white bread is the curse of the day," the fact...

All that can possibly be said for and against the

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New Use has been now urged in the National Assembly. The Bishop of London's address to his Diocesan Conference (The New Prayer Book, Nisbet, 6d.) is marked by an appreciative...

General Knowledge Competition

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TEE prize of one guinea which the Editor offers weekly for the best thirteen General Knowledge Questions (with answers) is awarded to Miss Pearce, for the following :— What Do...

When the Empire Marketing Board was set up a year

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ago and endowed with an income of a million pounds so that it might " further the marketing of Empire produce in this country," it was widely believed—and feared by many—that...

" Half the battle of making money with poultry," says

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Mr. E. T. Brown in his " How to do it " Poultry Book (Pearson, 5s.) " is beginning with first-class birds and housing them right." Full details as to the cost of starting a...

That a new edition of Table Talk should issue under

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the auspices of the Selden Society is as it should be, and that it should be based on a hitherto tmcollated manuscript (belonging to Lincoln's Inn) is better still. The result...

This Week's Books

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WE have already called attention to the remarkable series of business books which Mr. Herbert N. Casson is publishing. Only a few of our readers, perhaps, will be interested in...

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The Truth about India

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Mother India. By Katherine Mayo. (Jonathan Cape. 10s. 6d.)- FORTUNATELY for the progress of the world, the under-dog usually finds a friend. He has never had a stouter champion...

A Reading of Reality

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The Creator Spirit. A Survey of Christian Doctrine in the light of Biology, Psychology and Mysticism. By Charles E. Raven, D.D. (Martin Hopkinson. 8s. 6d.) Dn. RAVEN speaks on...

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Perfect Gentle Knights of the Air

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Charles Lindbergh. His Life. By Dale Van Every and Morris D. Tracey. (Appleton. $2.) Tier United Press of America are to be congratulated on the speed and thoroughness with...

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The Mind and Face of Bolshevism

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The Mind and Face of Bolshevism. By Rene Feltip - Miller. (Putnam and Sons. 21s.) IT has been said by a close observer of movements in Great Britain that to the wage-earner who...

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The Return of the Tragic Muse

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MR. MASEFIELD'S first-hand experience with his travelling theatre has given him great cunning in play-making. It has also tended to specialize his skill, for his later plays,...

Some Sparkling Memoirs

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Some People. By Harold Nicolson. (Constable. 7s. Gd.) Mn. NICOI.SON has written a most attractive book. He has found a form of his own—part fiction, part biography, but most of...

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An Eighteenth Century Footman

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Memoirs of an Eighteenth-Century Footman. Travels by John Macdonald (1745-1779). Edited by John Beresford. Illustrated. (Routledge. 10s. 6d.) IN the rainy autumn of 1745, when...

Epigrammatic Philosophy

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Intimations. By Gabriel Wells. (Constable. 7s. 6d.) Ma. GABRIEL WELLS is familiar to our readers. His style is sensitive, and he has compressed a good deal of wisdom into...

THE SPECTATOR.

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Before going abroad or on their holidays readers are advised to place an order for the SPEC-reroR. The journal will be forwarded to any address at the following rates :- One...

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THE SPANISH LADY. By Margaret L. Woods. (Cape. 7s. 6d.)—It

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is a difficult thing to write a good historical novel, for it is far easier to create than to renovate, but the author of The Spanish Lady has succeeded admirably. Her portrayal...

Fiction

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DENIED A COUNTRY. By Herman Bang. (Knopf. 7s. 6d.)—To possess a thing is not always to appreciate it, and the truest patriot may be the outcast, who, denied an actual Country,...

O'FLAHERTY THE GREAT. By John Cournos. (Knopf. 7s. 6d.)—This remarkable

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novel seems to have been suggested by the well-known story about Leonardo da Vinci, that a " model " who came to sit to him for Judas Iscariot turned out to be the same man who...

PALAFOX. By Sandys Wason. (Cope and Fenwick. 7s. 6d.)—As Mr.

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Compton Mackenzie says, in his introduction to Mr. Sandys Wason's first novel, " If you have never gone hunting the snark or taken a trip in a peagreen boat or are ignorant of...

LOST KINNELLAN. By Agnes Mure Mackenzie. (Heinemann. 7s. 6d. net.)—There

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is a delicate charm about the opening of this story of a man mismated, which is not improved by the extremely melodramatic final section. Miss Mure Mackenzie's talent lies in...

THE HEROINE. By Eaton Stannard Barrett. (Elkin Mathews and Marrot.

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7s. 6d. net.)—To people who do not like satire Mr. Sadleir's introduction to The Heroine, a novel of 1815, may seem the best part of the volume. The main story is a satire on...

PEACOCKS. By Vennette Herron. (John Murray. 7s. 6d. net.)—Here are

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seven admirable stories of Java, some of which have already appeared in the Conduit Magazine. Where all are good it is difficult to choose the best, but perhaps " Gamelan," the...

THE MAN WHO KNEW. By F. A. M. Webster. (Selwyn

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and Blount. 7s. 6d. net.)—A long and well-sustained story of an attempted rising of the black races of the earth against the white. This is ultimately frustrated. by three men,...

HULA. By ATmine von Tempski. (John Murray. 7s. 6d. net.)—The

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most interesting thing about this romance of Hawaii is that the author succeeds in imparting a feeling of the South Sea Islands into this otherwise not very original comedy of...

SARDONIC TALES. By Villiers de L'Isle-Adam. (Knopf. 7s. 6d.)—This volume

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of short stories, which Mr. Arthur Symons has described as possessing " every classic quality of the French conk, together with many of the qualities of Edgar Allen Poe and...

THE IMMORTAL MARRIAGE. By Gertrude Atherton. (John Murray. 7s. 6d.

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net.)—The historic novel is always with us, but Miss Gertrude Atherton in her heroic tale of ancient Greece boldly throws over all archaic models. Yet it is difficult to feel...

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THE HISTORY OF THE FRANKS. By Gregory of Tours. Translated

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with an Introduction by 0. M. Dalton. (Clarendon Press. 2 Vols., 40s.)—The learned Keeper of the Department of British and Mediaeval Antiquities at the British Museum has...

SUHAIL. By Coleridge Kennard. (The Richards Press. 10s. 6d.)—The delights

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of a long caravan journey are soon exhausted if we cannot hold intercourse with the company : the daily routine of loading and unloading mules and camels, of choosing a camping...

Current Literature

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EGYPT. By George Young. (Bonn, 15s.)—It will perhaps seem to some who refuse to be nourished on a diet of mental slops and be for ever tied to the shibboleths and slogans of the...

STRAWBERRY HILL ACCOUNTS. Now first printed with. Notes. by Paget

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Toynbee. (Clarendon Press. 84s.)— Dr. Toynbee, whose knowledge of Horace Walpole is unrivalled, has lighted upon a little pocket-book in which Walpole noted his expenditure on...

THE BALEARICS AND THEIR PEOPLES. By Frederick Chamberlin. (John Lane.

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18s.)—Minorea used to be an English possession ; for legal purposes it was " in the ward of Cheap," as Sir Frederick Pollock records in a famous set of verses. But the...

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Financial Notes

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QUIET MARKETS. THE fortnightly settlement on the Stock Exchange this week revealed nothing the way of any serious embarrassments arising out of the great shunp in British...

A " PROTECTED " INDUSTRY.

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For the most part, hoirever, I do not think that inves- tors will return to the English Railway Market with any sense of security until the industry is on what may be termed a...

CAMOUFLAGE.

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Notwithstanding the great increase in population, I believe that a comparison of present time-tables with those of the pre-War period would show the train services to be...

Finance—Public and Private

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Railways as Investments CONJECTURES - Concerning the interim dividends shortly to be announced by the __English railway companies have imparted a' little more activity of late...

DIVIDEND CONJECTURES.

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This is the more probable in view of the fact that if the traffic receipts for the past six months are compared, not, of course, with last year, but with 1925, the results are...

HIGH FREIGHT RATES. •

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Only last week, on the occasion of the dinner given by the Standard Bank of South Africa to African farmers visiting -this countrY, some home truths were uttered concerning the...

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Insurance

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ABOUT BONUSES.---I. IN a previmis article I have urged. that it is almost invariably better for a 'policy holder to - take with-profit, rather than ..non-participating,...

MOND NICKEL.

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When allowance is made for the prolonged coal stoppage, the financial results of the Mond Nickel Company for the past year were by no means unsatisfactory. Gross profits, it is...

LiPrOis's PosrrioN.

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It remains to be seen whether when the Report of Lipton's is issued a year hence the recommendations recently made by the Committee of Enquiry will have resulted in -an improved...

GLYN'S BALANCE SHEET.

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In their half-yearly balance sheet Messrs. Glyn Mills and Company show a substantial expansion in Deposits while a further feature is the high proportion of cash. As regards...

AUSTIN MOTORS.

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It will be recalled that when the scheme for reconstructing the Austin Motor Company was submitted last year it proved abortive, owing to opposition of certain groups of share-...

FINANCIAL CONGESTION.

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But while the fortnightly settlement passed off smoothly, general business in the Stock Markets remains restricted owing to the general uncertainty with regard to the monetary...

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Motoring Notes

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The Six-Cylinder Air-Cooled Franklin THE " Spirit of St. Louis " and its intrepid pilot are now world-famous, and a consideration of the factors which led to his success must...

If any reader has an autograph of Button Gwinnett, who

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was born in Gloucester in 1735 and was killed in a duel at Savannah in 1777, let him treasure it above rubies. For this reckless: fellow wag one of the fifty-six American...

Notes for Collectors

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SHAKESPEARE still leads in the sale-room as on the stage. Lord Leigh's set of the four Folios--of 1623, 1632, 1664 and 1685—brought the very substantial sum of £6,000 at Messrs....

A Library List

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BIOGRAPHY :---John Mailman, 1755-1826. By W. G. Constable. (University of London Press. 10s. 6d.)---Memoirs of Henry Arthur Morgan. By Iris L. Osborne Morgan. (Hodder and...

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Last week Messrs. Christie achieved a new record for a

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day's sale at £192,451, and showed that the prices for pictures that collectors really wat are still mounting up. In the small but very choice collection of the late James Ross...

Country Air for Poor Children

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KINDLY folk, as they see their children romping in the hay- fields or on the beach at this time of year, often think of the poor mites in city shuns and wish that they too could...

The dispersal of the great Holford collections at Dorchester Clouse

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and Westonbirt has begun this week. On Tuesday Messrs. Sotheby sold the superb mediaeval miniatures which were collected by R. S. Holford—the patron of Alfred Stevens —early in...