2 JUNE 1917

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THE PAPER SHORTAGE —We trust that readers of the "Spectator"

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will give definite orders to their newsagents for a copy of the " Spectator" to be reserved for them each week till countermanded.

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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T HE Italian successes on the Isonzo front surpass in interest and importance every other military event of the week. We heartily congratulate our Ally on a great military feat...

There has been a lull on the Western front. It

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is sure to be succeeded by another storm, but this week there is little to record measured by the standards with which the titanic fighting in France has made us familiar. One...

After four days' fighting on the Carso the Italians had

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captured two lines of Austrian defences, and the Austrians were evidently becoming greatly concerned for the safety of Trieste. The third and last Austrian line on the present...

Austrian positions of considerable importance between Kostan- jevica and the

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sea were quickly taken. Heights that had once seemed almost inaccessible to the Italians were abandoned by the Austrians, who had not time always to destroy the guns which they...

A most agreeable comment on the Kaiser's remark about cutting

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our vital arteries is provided by the Admiralty return, issued on Wednesday night, of our losses from submarines. The losses of our merchantmen were lower than in any of the...

We can say little about the Socialist Congress at Stockholm

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to discuss terms of peace, as it is still uncertain what countries will be represented. The French Socialists have taken an unexpected step in wishing to be represented. German...

The Kaiser was in an intelligibly piano mood when he

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addressed his troops on the Arras front recently. The words of the speech were reported in Thursday's papers. No longer did he speak of gigantic annexations and glorious...

M. Kerensky, the Russian Minister of War, has been visiting

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the Russian Armies in the field and trying to convince the soldiers of the necessity of a new offensive. There is no doubt that the Russian Government most sincerely recognize...

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Mr. Balfour concluded his most successful visit to the United

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States last week and crossed the border into Canada, profoundly impressed, as he told his Toronto audience on -Saturday, with his American experiences, which had revealed to him...

The Times goes on to indulge in an orgy of

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pessimism, and insists ,that beyond all question the Germans knew precisely where they were going and when they were there. They may, we are told, only have killed shopping...

The Times then goes on to put the culminating misfit

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suggestion .en its treatment of the subject by declaring—which is no doubt true per se—that anti-aircraft guns are of very little use, and insisting that we must have "...

The Times appears to have been so darkly delighted with

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its use of the word "invasion " that it employs it again in its second paragraph, and declares that the aeroplane is " the really formidable instrument of invasion." We are next...

The hospital ship Dover Castle, formerly a Union-Castle liner, was

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torpedoed and sunk without warning in the Megiterranean last Saturday. She was struele by a torpedo at 6 pan., and again by another torpedo at 8:a0 pm. Evidently, theZertnans...

But though at first one is inclined to be, as

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the Daily Mail meantime to be, depressed lay this grim picture of 17,000 planes circling round one's devoted head, a little reflection will enable the householder to ask, almost...

The Daily Mail, following or' leading thel'imes (we cannot say

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which), published a " leader " on Monday headed " Invasion by the Air," in which we are told, precisely as in the Times, that the aeroplane, and not the Zeppelin, is the really...

-• A daylight raid by a large squadron of German

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aeroplanes— the first .raid of anything like this magnitude—occurred on the evening of Friday week. It is believed that there were at least six teen aeroplanes. Those who heard...

Mr. Balfour was welcomed at Ottawa by Sir Robert Borden

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and by Sir Wilfrid Laurier, who described England as " the home of Liberty and the terror of its enemies," and said that Canada was never so proud of England as she is to-day....

The impatient people who ask : " What is America

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doing to. win the war Y " should be soothed by the impressive statement in Tuesday's papers. Within seven weeks of declaring war, Ameries has -adopted a Selective -Draft law...

Though- most of the newspapers, greatly to their credit, took

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a perfectly reasonable and unsensational line in regard to the raid, we regret to say that the Times and Daily Mail both showed signs of that excitable and neurasthenic mood...

Finally, the Daily Mail becomes ironical : " After all,

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we have only been at war for lees than three years, so we can hardly be expected to understand that the life of a British father, mother, or child is as valuable as that of a...

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An example of the work of the German plotters in

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America is given by the Secretary of the Navy. He states that, despite the efforts of the Navy to keep their plans secret, the position and destination of the American destroyer...

Mr. Arthur Henderson, it was announced on Wednesday, has gone

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on an important mission to Russia, and has been replaced in the War Cabinet by Mr. George Barnes, another very able representative of Labour. Mr. Henderson's great personal...

In view of these statements, what could be more natural

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or more reasonable than that loyal and Ministerially instructed persons like ourselves should suggest that we should only use grain and sugar and other foods for food purposes,...

A correspondent informs us that the Glasgow Herald of May

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16th published a letter from a manufactu er of sweets who applied to the Ministry of Food for permission to use one hundredweight of malt which he had in his possession for the...

M. Veniaelos has definitely abandoned all hope of reconcilia' ion

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with King Constantine. In an interview with the Times corre- spondent, he said that Constantine, " having once been a King, has become no more than a party leader. Between him...

The President has made it clear that, like Lincoln, he

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will stand no nonsense from the agitators against conscription, whether they are German agents or Pacificists, or mere politicians fishing in troubled waters. Riots organized by...

We agree ; but we are afraid that his first

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victims would have to be the Ministry. After all, it was not " fanatical " advocates of War Prohibition like the Spectator, but the Minister of Agriculture, who told us that we...

Next, beer somehow got hitched on to the Trade Union

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movement, and it was fiercely hinted that the Prohibitionists might have to be regarded as the very worst kind of " scab " or " black- leg." Then beer suddenly appeared in the...

Assuredly one of the curiosities of the Food Shortage and

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Drink problem is to be found in the protean character of Beer. At the very beginn ing beer was discovered to be a kind of milk, and piteous appeals were made for the poor cow...

The problem of the miner and his beer has been

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during the past week exercising the minds of newspaper writers and readers—the immediate cause of this perturbation of spirit being a letter by a working collier, Mr. Meadows,...

We are sure our readers will agree that for official

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ineptitude it would be difficult to find a parallel to this wonderful letter. Apparently at the Ministry of Food they consider that malt is much too precious to enter the mouths...

Bank rate, 5 per cent., changed from 51 per cent.

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April 5th

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TOPICS OF THE DAY .

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WAR AND DISTRACTION. W AR is like the conduct of life in general. If it were possible to carry out literally certain copybook rules as to strategy, tactics, and the combat, war...

WHY IS AMERICA IN THE WAR I THERE have been

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of late in the forward sections of the 1. American Press and in the writings of our own news- paper correspondents in the United States certain signs of impatience with the...

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" NO ANNEXATION." D URING the last three weeks we have

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heard a great deal about the principle insisted on by the new Russian Government of " No annexation and no contributions " ; " contributions " meaning, of course, vindictive...

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

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O N Wednesday the Austrian Reichsrath met, and thus what not long ago seemed to be an imposSible event has happened. Moreover, it met without what are known as the " German...

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ASKING FAVOURS.

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P ATRONAGE is a passion. Most ambitious men long for it either as an intensely desirable adjunct of success or as an actual essential of it. The proverbial happiness of past...

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SOME AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL LETTERS BY " A STUDENT IN ARMS."-1L

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T HE following series of letters was addressed by " A Student in Arms " to Canon Cremer. They throw an interesting light on the development of Donald Hankey's mind, and on his...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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(Letters of the length of one of our leading paragraphs are often more read, and therefore more effective, than those which fill treble the space.] PROPORTIONAL...

LINCOLN AND THE PROBLEMS OF ULSTER. AND THE UNION. [To

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THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTITOR...] Sia,—Abraham I.incoln closed one of his speeches ou the slave question tits: " Let us not be diverted by appeals beseeching true Union men to...

AMERICA AND IRELAND.

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[To THE EDITOR or THE " SPECTATOR.") Sia,—The project of a Convention to frame a Constitution for Ireland is probably based upon the American plan of dealing with work of this...

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POTATO CULTIVATION IN THE ARMY, ITO THE EDITOR OP THE

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" SPECTATOR.") Ste,—The soldier on home service does not get a potato ration, and therefore cannot " save " any of it for planting purposes. Any potatoes he gets he buys out of...

MALT AND BREAD.

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(To THE EDITOR OP THE " SPECTATOR."] Sze,—I had an excellent loaf of brown bread made from malt and wheaten flour, containing twenty per cent. of the former. It was a little...

THE STRIKER AND TILE HUN.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] gm—Side by side with the warning issued to the A.S.E. by the Ministry of Munitions would it not be well to placard some such appeal as the...

REVOLUTION AND MONARCHY.

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[TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] read your article on " Revolution and Monarchy " with interest; indeed, I may admit that as a Scot I read it with pleasure. if Carlyle is...

THE EXPERIENCES OF A VOLUNTEER WORKER. (To THE EDITOR OF

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THE " SPECTATOR."] venture to think that the enclosed communication, which I have received from a friend who is a volunteer munition worker, limy interest your readers. He is a...

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VISITS TO BLINDED SOLDIERS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") Sta,—Will you allow me through your columns to tell near relatives of soldiers whose sight has been lost or seriously injured at the front...

DEW PONDS.

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(To THE EDITOR OF THE " SpEcTiroR:1 Ste,--I am afraid the explanation of your correspondent as to the cause which determines the -filling of dew ponds does not bear scientific...

NATIONAL ECONOMY.

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(TO THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") SIR,—In view of the successes of our troops in Palestine, and in regard to the important questions of economy now before us as a station,...

AN APPEAL FROM THE FRONT.

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cro THE EDITOR or rag " SPECTATOR.") , Sia,—The following, received to-day (May 25th) from the Major of a battery in France, speaks for itself :— " Would it be possible to get...

" DOWN GLASSES."

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[To THE EDITOR. QP :THE "SPECTATOR.") Sae,—I should vary much like to know how the Nationalization of Drink will do away with -private interest in selling drink, and so improve...

HORSE-RACING AND HORSE-BREEDING.

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[To THE EDITOR Of THE "SPECTATOR."] 5111,—The recent feeling of exasperation seems to have been mainly caused by the conduct, not of owners of racehorses, but of the haunters...

CORNMEAL MUSH.

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(To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPZETATOR.") SIR,—I see that one of your correspondents is asking for a rule for cooking cornmeal mush, and enclose one taken from the Century Cook Book,...

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SIR VICTOR HORSLEY.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTAT0a."3 ilia—Last July came the news of Sir Victor Horsley's death in Mesopotamia. We ought to have some record of his life and of his work ; we...

B 0 0 K S .

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THREE BOOKS ON THE PROBLEMS OF SPIRITUALISM.t Sin Wricerair Butnsrrr, a well-known man of science, a Follow of the Royal Society, and also one of the principal founders of the...

THE RELIGION OF KINDNESS.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR."] Sin,—As all its readers know with pride, the Spectator is interested in every good work that aids, however indirectly or in however small a...

POETRY.

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SHEFFIELD IN A TRENCH. "Misr would I like to see? " No fear ! Not London—no, nor Windermere, Nor Paris with its sky so clear— Give me a look at Sheffield. I have it in my...

JANE AUSTEN CENTENARY.

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[To THE EDITOR OF THE " SPECTATOR.") Ilia—Knowing the great interest that the Spectator has always taken in the works of Jane Austen, I, as one of her biographers, would like...

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RECENT VERSE.* " Tee grand style arises in poetry," writes

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Matthew Arnold, " when a noble nature, poetically gifted, treats with simplicity or severity a serious subject." This definition is recalled and illustrated by a good many of...

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HERBERT SPENCER.*

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IT is -a pretty subject of speculation whether Herbert Spencer's work will ever experience a new period of authority and renown. At present his fame suffers an eclipse which not...

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DUBLIN EXPLORATIONS AND REFLECTIONS.*

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In The Innocents at Home Mark Twain tolls us of a Nevada farmer who made his fortune silver-mining and " went to Europe and travelled. And when he came back he was never tired...

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The War against War. By Professor Christen Collin. With an

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Introduction by William Archer. (Macmillan and Co. 2s. net.) --Professor Collin, the distinguished Norwegian critic, is a warm supporter of the cause of the Allies. A number of...

l'hrough the Iron Bars. By Ernie Carnmaerts. With Cartoons by

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Louis Raenmekers. (John Lane. Gd. net.)—M. Cammaerts describes very clearly in this pamphlet the successive phases of Belgium's martyrdom under the rule of an enemy who has by...

Overseas, the modest little monthly journal edited by Evelyn Wrench

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for the Overseas Club and Patriotic League of Britons Overseas, has in its May number a stirring message from the Prime Minister to the hundred and fifty thousand members, and...

The history of Salonika is well told by Mr. William

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Miller in the new number of the English Historical Review (Longmans and Co., 6s.). It was founded by Kassander, King of Macedon, in 315 B.c., and named after his wife...

Character. of Shakespeare's Plays. By William Hazlitt. (H. Milford. ls.

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net.)—Hazlitt's engaging essays on Shakespeare have been included in the " World's Classics " just a century after their first appearance. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch contributes...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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Walks in this column does not necessarily preclude subse q uent ream] To Verdun from the Somme. By H. E. Brittain. (John Lane. 2s. Gd. net.)—Mr. Harry Brittain gives a very...

Romance : Two Lectures. By Sir Waiter Raleigh. (H. Milford.

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4s. 6d. net.)—These two attractive and stimulating lectures, delivered at Princeton in 1915, supplement the author's well-known essay on Romance. One deals broadly with the...

Poems. By Brian Brooke (Korongo). (John Lane. 3s. Gd. net.)—Those

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racy, rattling verses describing wild adventures in the bush, with beasts of prey, or savages, or the more dangerous Ger- mans, show that British East Africa has already...

Strange Meetings. By Harold Monro. (The Poetry Bookshop. Is. net.)—Mr.

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Monro's new poems are full of ideas, but too often lack poetic form. The title-piece consists of twenty-one brief sections, each in a different metre or rhythm ; it would need a...

A Doctor's Diary in Damaraland. By Dr. H. F. B.

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Walker. (E. Arnold. 7s. Gd. net.)—The author of this agreeable book volunteered as a medical officer in General Botha's force which, by its dashing strategy and its great...

Women War Workers. Edited by 0. Stone. (G. G. Harrap.

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3s. 6d. net.)—Lady Jellicoe says very truly in her preface that " this is not a men's war,' as wars have been hitherto, but one in which both sexes throughout the Empire must...

Serbski Peame : National Song. of Serbia. By Owen Meredith.

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(Chatto and Windus. 2s. net.)—The first Lord Lytton's spirited metrical versions of Serbian ballads and of the lament over the battle of Kosovo, when Serbia was beaten down by...

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The Plays of Emile Verhaeren. (Constable and Co. 6s. net.)

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— Four plays by the celebrated. Belgian poet : The Dawn, The Moister, Philip II., and Helen of Sparta. As drama, The Cloister is easily the most distinguished and impressive,...

On behalf of the International Information Committee, whose Chairman is

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the Duke of Newcastle, Messrs. Allen and Unwin have begun to publish a valuable series of shilling handbooks on the British Empire. In the first volume, Dr. Watson Chico gives a...

.4. Child's Book of Holiday Plays. By Frances Gillespy Wiekes.

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(Macmillan and Co. 2s. net.)—A collection of attractive plays for children by an American writer. They are intended primarily for ciassroom use, but are quite suitable for more...