In the Bulletin of the John Rylands Library for August
(Man- chester University Press end Longmans and Co., le.) will be found a most interesting paper on "Mediaeval Town Planning," by Pro- fessor Tout. Ho shows how Edward I. followed in Gascony the example set by St. Louis in conquered Languedoc, in founding " bastides " or fortress-towns, on a regular plan, like Libourne, and how when Etlward had conquered Wales he founded " bastideo " at Flint, Conway, Carnarvon, and elsewhere. Edward, too, was the founder of Hull—the Kingstown upon Hull, to give its old full name —and of New Wirrhelsca, in both of which places the original plans can be traced. Before his day Bishop Richard Is Poor had founded the now city of Salisbury, to which he removed from Old Sarum ; after Edward's time, his grandson planned anew the town of Calais, between the site of the present railway station and the sea. But it was an exceptional thing, as Professor Toni shows, for any English town to be built to a plan. Most towns, like Topsy, simply " grimed."
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