13 JUNE 1914

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M. Ribot has succeeded where M. Viviani failed, and on

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Tuesday it was announced that he had formed a Cabinet, with M. Leon Bourgeois as Foreign and IL Delcasse as War Minister. The new Cabinet, in regard to the record of its...

Mr. John Redmond has issued an important manifesto on the

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subject of the National Volunteer movement in Ireland. After emphatically denying that there is any antagonism between the aims and policy of the Volunteer movement and those of...

Speaking at Oxford on the Home Rule crisis last Saturday,

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Lord Haldane deprecated the language used by Sir Edward Carson. But, he added, "I know how hard a battle he has to fight, and I know this too, that he has done his best to keep...

.Mr. McKenna ended by showing that the allegation that the

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"Cat and Mouse" Act had failed was not true. Of the eighty-three persons who had been tried under it, fifteen had given up militancy, six bad left the country, twenty were in...

In view of these facts, and the representations that have

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been made to him, Mr. Redmond suggests that the present self-elected Provisional Committee—the governing body of the National Volunteers—now composed of twenty-five members all...

Almost while the bomb was exploding, Mr. McKenna in the

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House of Commons was defending the measures taken by the Government for dealing with the militants. The most important point in his speech was the announcement of further action...

NEWS OF THE WEEK.

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I N Westminster Abbey on Thursday afternoon at about six o'clock a bomb was exploded in Edward the Confessor's Chapel close behind the Coronation Chair. The Chair and the Scone...

The Editors cannot undertake to retain Manuscript in any fold.

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Page 2

On Thursday Lord Roberts made two valuable and im- portant

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speeches on National Service, one at the League's annual meeting and the other at the dinner in the even. lug. In the speech at. the meeting Lord Roberts gave a very interesting...

In Committee of Supply on Wednesday there was an animated

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debate on the Post Office Vote. Mr. Hohhonse announced that the Government had decided (1) to appoint a small Expert Committee to inquire into the recommendations of the Holt...

On Friday week the Times published a sensational but wholly

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unconvincing letter from Sir Percy Scott, directed to showing that it was no good to build any more Dreadnoughts because they could so easily be knocked out of time by sub-...

On Thursday at Inverness Mr. Bonar Law made one of

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the best fighting speeches that even he has ever made. He placed before his audience with extraordinary vigour and cogency the appalling situation into which the country is...

Frankly, we see no object in a controversy so empty,

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purposeless, and hysterical as that which is raging round Sir Percy Scott's wild letter. As a caveat, however, we may point out that, though there is no case for saying that the...

In the House of Commons on Tuesday Mr. John Burns

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moved the second reading of the Bill amending the unem- ployment section of the Insurance Act. The net effect of the changes proposed, while giving relief to employers and work-...

The Archbishop of York appeals to Parliament in Monday's Tannin

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abandon manceuvring and recrimination, and honestly face the facts of the Irish crisis in a reasonable spirit. While urging the Coalition to waive their insistence on impractic-...

Page 3

We are bound to say, however, that the prices assigned

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to the cottages are far too heavy. Very few of them, even when built in pairs, work out ranch under 2200 each, and about 2180 seemed to be the cheapest. But a labour- ing man...

On Tuesday Mr. Runciman opened an exceedingly attractive exhibition of

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models and plans of country cottages, arranged by Country Life. It will be remembered that that journal organized a national competition in cottage design with a view to helping...

By a resolution of the Judges of the King's Bench

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Division a new time-table will come into force at the commencement of the next (Trinity) sittings. The usual hours hitherto have been Irons 10.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Henceforth in...

Again, the attempt to preach the possibility of cheap con-

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struction in the matter of rural cottages was of very little avail till the first Cheap Cottage Exhibition was established at Letchworth. Only when people saw £150 cottages...

Mr. Bathurst's remedy is a bounty on wheat-growing. We need

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hardly say that we are opposed to this, but we must add that we would far rather have a bounty than Protection by tariff, because under a bounty not only do we know exactly what...

In Tuesday's Times Mr. Charles Bathurst gives some very disturbing

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figures as to the way in which our acreage under wheat is shrinking year by year, with a consequently increas- ing dependence upon the outside world for our food supplies. Two...

For ourselves, we cannot help thinking that the awaken- ing

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process would be greatly quickened if the League could make people understand by some concrete example how the system of universal training would be carried out. For pro-...

We have been asked, and we are glad to comply

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with the request, to call attention to an appeal which has been issued on behalf of St. Edmund Hall at Oxford. St. Edmund Rail— Teddy," as its undergraduate friends endearingly...

Bank Rate, 3 per cent., changed from 4 per cent.

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Jan. 29th. Consols (2i) were on Friday 73i—Friday week 73i.

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TOPICS OF THE DAY.

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THE QUESTION OF AREA. p UBLIC opinion is, we regret to say, growing more and more pessimistic in regard to the possibilities of a peaceful settlement of the crisis caused by...

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THE CHURCH AND THE NONCONFORMISTS.

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W E publish to-day the first portion of an article by one of the ablest and most experienced of ecclesias- tical lawyers dealing with a matter which we have often discussed in...

THE IRISH NATIONAL VOLUNTEERS.

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O NE of the most amazing features of the present crisis is to be found in the attitude which the Liberals are taking up in regard to the enrolment of the Irish National...

Page 7

A LOSS, notable and irreparable, has befallen Oxford, affectin g alike her

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internal and her external well- bein g . The death of Sir William Anson, if it was not absolutely sudden, came so swiftly, and so unex- pectedly, that she has hardly had time to...

Page 8

OPEN COMMUNION EST THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.—L

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(BY AN ECCLESIASTICAL LAWYER.) T HE law of the Church of England as to the prinuf-fade right of every parishioner to receive the Holy Com- munion rests in the first instance on...

Page 10

THE FLATTERY OF MEMORY.

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O PTIMISM is the only trustworthy substitute for luck in the obtaining of happiness, and it is no more within the power of the individual to be optimistic than to be lucky....

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THE NEW ZOO.

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ATIDDLE.AGED people who remark reflectively that they "haven't been to the Zoo for years," which means that their last visit was when they were taken as children, may be...

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.

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CHARLES STE WART PARNELL. [To wiz Enna. op lux “SpEcraros."1 Sea—Is it too much to ask of readers of Mrs. O'Shea's shame- less book to take it with some mistrust ? 'Upon one...

THE PRESENT CRISIS AND IMPERIAL FEDERATION AS ITS SOLUTION.

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[To 711. Enema or Tu. ..SrEcrwroa."] Stn,—I am sure that everyone will welcome any suggestion coming from so high an authority as the Archbishop of York with reference to the...

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THE NATIONAL RESERVE. LTD Ter Emus or Tar ..Srsorrros."] Sts.,—Every

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member of the National Reserve is deeply indebted to you for once again drawing public attention to this movement by recently establishing a Whitsuntide Camp for the Surrey men,...

THE PUBLICATION OF FALSE INFORMATION. [To sus Emma or ras

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..Sesc-rems.“] SIR,—I think, through the medium of your paper, attention might be drawn to what I consider to be a great and growing evil. Over a fortnight ago the public, and...

HOME RULE: A NON-PARTY SUGGESTION. [To THE E01108 Of Tar

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"SrEcraron."1 Sea,—It has occurred to me that your readers might be interested in the views of a Belfast man who is unconnected with any political party. While recognizing the...

THE IRISH NATIONAL VOLUNTEERS. [To nos EDIT°. OF THE "Sracr.tros."]

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SIR,—In your issue of the 6th inst. you refer to a statement made by a prominent official of the Irish National Volunteers to the effect that they are non-political and...

Page 14

THE ETHICS OF GAMBLING.

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[To rsa EDISOZ 07 MP . 877C7A207.".1 SIR,—The inquiry of "A. B." in the Spectator of May 23rd deserves a reply, and here is one at your service if you get no better. Gambling...

[To 777 EL0707 Or 777 .. SPEC71707. " 1, SIR, — According to "Eyewitness" (Spectator,

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June 6th), Lord Roberts in his address to the Surrey National Reserve called attention to the chief danger connected with this movement. His Lordship rightly insisted that the...

THE LOSS OF THE 'EMPRESS OF IRELAND.' [To nu Roma

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or nu "Srromoz. " .1 Sin,—Lest many should be under the impression that rafts on board the 'Empress of Is-cloud' would have saved many more lives, I am induced to ask you to...

MILITARY SERVICE.

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[To era EDITOE Or 777 " Sracraroa."] Sta,—Believing that every young fellow should do some military service to fit him, should occasion arise, to take his part in protecting...

DR. SAND AY'S REPLY TO THE BISHOP OF OXFORD.

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[To 777 EMIT/107 ran .. 97ECTATOE..] Sin—James Anthony Froude was not a Catholic, but he happens to have written a remarkably accurate account of Catholic belief, and especially...

Page 15

[To Tax EDISOn or Ire "Srecmon.-1

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have only now read your number of May 23rd, which has a long article on the Star and gambling. May I, as an old reader who has frequently missed a recognition of the principle...

[To rue Eorros or um .Srac-rAxon_"] Siu,—Being a new recruit

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to the army of your regular readers, I regret having missed the opening of the above correspondence. In the main, I agree with what Dr. Lyttelton and the two succeeding writers...

l're rue ED1701 Or THE . srsorrros.")

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Sut,—One of your correspondents in last week's Spectator aptly quotes, with reference to "wagers," the late Mr. Allen Whitworth's abstruse book, DCC. Problems in Choice and...

[To rue Ronoa or rue "Sr. - 7170141 Si,—Your opinions on gambling

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appear somewhat inadequate. We can surely bring the matter to a more definite moral issue than this. Human activity is shown in three ways in action, in thought, and in emotion....

[To TB. Elmo. 01 TUN .. BP3CSATOB...]

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Sitt,—If the immorality of betting is not clear to the Quaker mind, is the Quaker conscience less keen than when Whittier wrote (from "The Quaker of the Olden Time ")?— " With...

Page 16

KEW GARDENS.

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[To THR EDITOR 07 Telt nleCTATOR.11 SIE,—To avoid any misconception, may I point out that the " popular old Eriglish ballad" (" Come down to Kew in lilac- time ") quoted in full...

THE COUNTRY WOMEN'S CLUB. [To In EDITOR 07 TRX ..ElreTATOR."]

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Sra, — Will you kindly allow me once more to make use of your columns so that I may be able to thank all those who so generously responded to my appeal for books for our...

REFLECTIONS ON INDIA.

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[To rim Bowen or TIM "ersor■ros."1 Sis,—In your very interesting article, "Reflections on India" (Spectator, May 23rd), you refer to Mr. Wadia's statement that to the Sikh or...

THE HIGHLAND CLEARANCES. [To ma EDITOR 07 TIM ..SPECTATOR.1 SIR,—Your

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reviewer of Mr. Mackenzie's book, The History of the Highland Clearances, in your last issue, has somehow let the following sentence slip in "He prints another narrative from a...

"ROOTS OF 'DEVIL'S BIT." "

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[TO Ts. EDITOR 01 en "erscuvos."1 Snz,—"Devil's bit" (see Spectator, June 6th, p. 946) is the Devil's bit scabious (Sections succisa), very common in our sandy soil here, of...

BOOKS FOR THE BLIND.

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LTO TER EDITOR Or en "Sracrwrott.'1 SIR,—May I suggest that the making of Braille books for the blind may provide a new occupation for men in prison? I understand this would not...

CHILDREN AND HOLIDAYS. [To ens Ebner or en. ..Sencerton.") Sut„—May

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we invoke the hospitality of your columns once more on behalf of the Children's Country Holidays Fund, to ask all those who have been fortunate enough to obtain a holiday at...

TWO QUOTATIONS.

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[TO TH. EDITOR 07 In "Sone/Ana:1 Sou,—In reply to your correspondent of May 30th, the quotation which is cited in The Life of Walter Bagehol will he found in Wordsworth's poem...

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POETRY.

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THE WORLD'S WORK. I SAW a sailor seated on the deck, Who showed a boy the working of a knot, The man was old—the weather-beaten wreck Of stormy seas and an unlucky lot. In...

BOOKS.

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JOHN DRYDEN.* [Commute/ma] IP anyone were to inquire what place Dryden to•day holds in general esteem, the phrase Slat magni nominis umbra would perhaps afford the truest...

NOTICE.—When "Correspondence" or Article, are signed with the writer's name

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or initials., or with a pseudonym, or are marked " Communicated," the Editor must not necessarily be held to be in agreement with the views therein expressed or with the mode of...

Page 18

'AN INTREPID LETTER-WRITER.* "Tun greatest trait between man and man

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is the trust of giving counsel." Mr. George Russell has placed this quotation from Bacon on the title-page of hie Life of Canon MacColl, • and we are tempted to say that it is...

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THE GOLDEN BOUGH.* [COMMUNICATED.]

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IT is well-nigh a quarter of a century since Dr. Frazer brought out his first edition of The Golden Bough. The two volumes of 1890 have grown to twelve, and the subject has...

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THE MEANING OF NATURAL LAWS.*

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THI4 relation of science and its results to philosophy has become one of the chief interests of recent Continental philosophers, such as Mach in Germany and Poineare, Le Roy,...

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VITAL PROBLEMS OF RELIGION.*

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Ma. Cows tells us in a footnote to his preface that " reviewers and others seldom read from cover to cover." We can assure him that we have read faithfully not only the nine...

A LIBERAL M.P. AND LIBERAL LAND FALLACIES.*

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SIR Thomas WHITTAKER is one of those Liberal Members of Parliament who have the misfortune to know something about the subjects on which the House of Commons is asked to...

QUEEN MARGHERITA.t

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FEW among the crowned heads of Europe, probably, are more popular than the Dowager Queen of Italy, who, as the wife of Umberto I., was the first Queen of the new Italian...

Page 23

Deep Sea. By Francis Brett Young. (Martin Secicer. 63.) —Mr.

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Young plays the game, if we may be allowed tbe phrase, in his profession as a novelist he meves in a world of his own. In direct opposition, it would eeetn, to those realiste...

FICTION.

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HEROINES, INE0 , OTHERS.* IN that scanty tribe of novel-writers, the mere sight of whose names on a title-page _ha _an _exhilarating influence on the vital spirits of the...

Children of the Dead End. By Patrick MacGill. (Herbert Jenkins.

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6s.)—A grin; deeperate; unpleasant book a book, nevertheless, of unusual interest, free from conventions; itatmg and vivid ; a book which, in spite Of in unkind criticism' of...

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Studies in Milton. By Alden Sampson. (John Murray. 88. net.)—Till

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the cover of this book assured us of the fact, we were not aware that a new volume of three hundred pages was needed to "brin g out the real beauty" of Milton's poetry and life....

Through Spain. By D. Dickinson. (Methuen and Co. 7s. 6d.

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net.)—We do not quite know why Mr. Dickinson should devote his first twenty-five pages to an account of his railway journey from St. Petersbur g to San Sebastian, when he thinks...

The study of language, whether for practical or theoretical purposes,

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is1117o.re interesting, titul lends itergtIo ttly produotion of books. A Malay Manua/ (Kegan Paul, Trench, and (Jo., 2s. net) is severely practical, and aims—like its fellows in...

SOME BOOKS OF THE WEEK.

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[Under !Me handing we notice each Book. of the ,reek kayo not boas morsed for TO ti.0 in othor forme.] The Federal Solution. By J. C. Hai g . (F. Griffiths. 6d. net.)—Mr. Haig...

American Public Opinion. By J. D. Whelpley. (Chapman and Hall.

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7e. 6d. net.)—In these essays, most of which have already appeared in En g lish or American reviews, Mr. Whelpley aims at interpreting, to the British reader, American opinion...

READABLE Nover.s.—Father O'Flynn. By H. De Vere Staepoole. (Hutchinson and

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Co. Is. net.)—Mr. Stacpoole's romance is amusing, and here and there exciting, without any strict re g ard for the laws of probability.—A Daughter of Debate. By Mrs. Ambrose...

Germany. By A. W. Holland. (A. and C. Black. 7s.

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63. net.)—This volume belongs to a series which deals with "The Makin g of the Nations." Mr. Holland is a painstakin g , though pedestrian, student of history, and has...

The American Oxonian. No L Edited by Frank Aydelotte. (Bloomington,

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Indiana. 6e. a year.)—Th is new "official magazine of the Alumni Association of American Rhodes Scholars" is an interesting result of Mr. Rhodes's foundation. The first number...

lloutledge's New Dictionary of the English Language. Edited by Cecil

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Weatherly. (G. Routled g e and Sons. Ss. 6d.)—So far as we have tested it, this seems to be one of the best concise dictionaries in existence. It is partly balled on Webster,...

The Good Shepherd. By John Roland. (William Black- wood and

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Sons. 6s.)—Misunderstanding and opposition are wont to dog the steps of the medical practitioner, and difficulties must be faced in all professions ; but we are g lad to think...

Through Western Madagascar. By W. D. Marcus& (Hurst and Blackett.

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7s. 6d. net.)—Mr. Marcuse went to Madagascar to study the methods of culture and export of the Mada g ascar butter bean, which he considers superior in flavour and di g esti....

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Proportional Representation and British Politics. By J. F. Williams. (John

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Murray. Is. net.)—In this interesting pamphlet Mr. Williams shows that our existing system of representation—which is of no great antiquity—does not adequately provide for the...

Gearing. By A. E. Ingham. (Methuen and Co. Cs. net.)

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—This eminently practical treatise aims at presenting in a simple form the general scientific principles which underlie the subject of mechanical gears and their application. It...

NEW Enmons.—The American Year Bask, 1913. Edited by F. G.

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Wickware. (D. Appleton and Co. ifs. 6d. net.)— This admirable record of progress in all departments of human activity has established a reputation for comprehensive accuracy....