24 JANUARY 1931

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The Education Bill Take first the School Attendance Bill. There

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has been a most unfortunate revival of the old sectarian rigours. The discussions between Sir Charles Trevelyan and the various educational groups have been kept so• secret that...

Nevertheless, there is enough opposition—quite sincere, we hasten to add—to

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the School Attendance Bill to Make the outcome of any trial of strength quite uncertain. It is believed that Sir Charles Trevelyan offered to pay as much as three quarters of...

The Roman Catholics are strongly represented in the Labour Party,

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and they and the Church of England stalwarts in the Party revolted against the Govern- ment. This is for them a matter not only of conscience, but of faith. They were determined...

News of the Week

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The Position of the Government O N Tuesday Par li ament . reassembled a ft er the Christmas recess, and the Government are well aware that they have entered upon a period of -...

The three chief measures before the House of Commons, any

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one of which may bring the Government to grief, are the School Attendance Bill, the Trade Disputes Bill and the Electoral Reform Bill. We need not suppose that the Government...

EDITORIAL AND .PUBLISHING OFFICES : 99 Gower Street, London, W.C.

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Subscription to the SPECTATOR costa Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the World. The SPECTATOR is registered as a Newspaper: The Postage on this...

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The strike in the South Wales coalfield was settled on

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the night of Thursday, January 15th. . The terms had to be ratified by a Delegate Ccinference_ of the South Wales Miners' Federation on Saturday evening. Work was resumed on...

The Round Table Conference We have discussed the results of

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the Round Table Conference in our first leading article, but we may briefly record here the main facts. Thursday, Friday and Saturday of last week and Monday of this week were...

American Prohibition The eagerly awaited Report of the Wickersham Commission,

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appointed two years ago to study law enforcement, particularly, of course, in relation to Prohibition, has been . published. It is a confused document. Of the eleven...

The Trade Disputes Bill The Trade Disputes Bill is at

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the mercy of the Liberals. At first enough Liberals were for giving it a second reading, but the official Liberal policy is now for absten- tion. Mr. Norman Birkett presided...

The Prime Minister then completed the review of the ground

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covered. It was noticeable that he refrained from any such declaration of policy as some people had expected. He was content to give his hearty approval to the Conference's...

President Hoover in his message to Congress conveying the Report

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said that he agreed with the opinion of the vast majority that the Eighteenth Amendment ought not to be repealed. He also shared their feeling that " constructive steps " should...

An important point was that the resolution which was subsequently

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adopted by the whole Conference expressly approved of "safeguards for all minorities." Thus the Conference ended full of hope for the future of India. Is the Congress Party so...

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The Cotton Lock-out On Thursday, January 15th, the General Council

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of the Weavers' Amalgamation decided to refer back to their members the question whether negotiations should be resumed with the employers' organisations. Since the result of...

The Schneider Cup The Air Ministry announced last week that

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it has definitely decided to take no official part in the Schneider Trophy contest, which would be flown in September in British waters if this country were to enter. The Royal...

A Ghastly Formality It was known by everybody in advance

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that the unhappy woman, Mrs. Wise, who was condemned to death for the crazy murder of her baby, would not be executed. Yet the Judge was required to go through the dreadful...

Railway Wages

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The. National Wages Board for railways met on Monday to consider the claim of the companies for a reduction of wages and for changes in working conditions. The reduction of...

has been extremely vigorous and at times bad-tempered. The Unionist

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Central Office began with a vindication --with which we entirely agree—of Mr. Baldwin's bargain with the United. States in 1923. Mr. Lloyd George replied with a scathing attack...

Mr. Lloyd George next wrote to the Times accusing it

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of suppressing all mention of an article which he had written immediately after he had learned of the payments to be made by Great Britain—an article in which he had denounced...

Bank Rate, 3 per cent., changed from 31 per cent.

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on May 1st, 1930. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 1031 ; on Wednesday week, 1031; a year ago, 10011. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday 951 ; on Wednesday week,...

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A New Chapter in India T HE turning point has been

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reached in India. Great Britain has given all that she has to give at present and has given it enthusiastically. Now comes the great question whether the people of India will...

The University Franchise

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T HE Government in their Electoral Reform Bill propose to abolish the separate representation of the Universities. This seems to us to be a move entirely in the wrong direction,...

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The Challenge To Religious Orthodoxy

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(In this series men and women presenting the outlook of the younger generation have been invited to express their criticism of organized religion in order that their views may...

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The Decline of the House of Commons

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By A. A. B. ?THEORETICALLY, the system of democratic govern- - went, the rule, that is, of an Assembly elected by universal suffrage, is discredited amongst most of those who...

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Cinema-To-Be

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BY ROBERT NICHOLS. A COMPETENT authority lately computed that a capital of no less than four hundred million pounds —most of it in American money—is at present invested in the...

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Why More Lynchings ?

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BY HUBERT W. PEET. E ARLY in 1929 . Dr. W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, Editor of the Crisis, and one of the most intellectual leaders of the Negro race in America, said to me in New...

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Common-Sensible Spinsters

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BY RUTH DUFFIN. D RAMATIS PERSONAE : ANN and JANE (un- married and of uncertain age). SCENE : A firelit room well-furnished with books, and con- taining and equally...

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King Solomon and the Hoopoe : a Persian Tale

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BY FREYA STARK. S PRING had come to Hamadan. The garden had lost its white veil of blossom and now shimmered with small leaves. Behind the thin screen of poplars, the snows of...

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The Welsh Match

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BY BERNARD DARWIN. I S it better to watch a match when you care dreadfully who wins or when you are impartially interested ? I have often asked myself that question and...

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India

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The Future of India BY SIR FRANCIS YOUNGIIUSBAND. andia is in all our minds this week : we have not hesitated to devote extra space to publishing both Sir Francis Young-...

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The Problem of the Sikhs

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BY SARDAR UJJAL SINCII. THE Sikhs are a distinct community living almost entirely in the Punjab Province and in certain Indian States which are in the Punjab area and ruled by...

-THE INDEX TO VOLUME 145 OF THE " SPECTATOR "

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IS NOW READY. . One Shilling (or 25 cents) for each copy should be enclosed with instructions, and addressed to ;— INDEX DEPT., THE " SPECTATOb„" LTD., 99 GOWER STREET, LONDON,...

Next reek

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THE BRONTkS : by E. F. BENSON DIET AND CANCER : by J. ELLIS BARKER PERSONAL PROBLEMS IN A:4E111CA : by ALAN P5RTER GRAMOPHONE NOTES: by JOHN LANGDON DAVIES A POEM ON PERSIA : by...

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A Persian Love Song

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(FROM JALALUDDIN RUMI) IF any ask, " How looks the moon ? " stand on thy roof and say " Just so ! " if any ask, " And how the sun ? " show him thy glorious face aglow ; if...

The Theatre

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OWING to the illness of our Dramatic Critic our notice of Mr. A. P. Herbert's Tantivy Towers is postponed.—En. Spectator.

A Hundred Years Ago

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Belgium is again in a state of angry excitement. It was stated last week, that the name of the intended Sovereign would be communicated in a day or two at the farthest but it...

Art

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[MR. SALOMON'S JUDAICA AND OTHER EXHIBITIONS.] MANY of the readers of the Spectator will remember the Exhi- bition of English Decorative Art which was held about two years ago,...

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There are, of course, trees in the world that have

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attained thrice this age. It is said, though I doubt the evidence, that the dragon tree (a quaint, broomlike thing) within the garden of Government House at Gibraltar is a...

THE AGE OF TREES.

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. Almost everyone who possesses an old tree, whether as his own property or as the booty of his eyes, wonders what its age may be and is tempted to exaggerate its years. There...

The preservation of ancient cottages is one detail only of

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the campaign for preservation ; but it carries a peculiar appeal. The old English cottage—and quite a number are pre-Elizabethan—has no parallel. The Royal Society of Arts did a...

AUSTRALIAN FAVOURITES.

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The cult of birds is advancing nowhere more quickly than in Australia ; and the annual Bird Day of November 21st is celebrated with continually increasing gusto. That lively and...

BIRDS AND FOOD.

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My experience in feeding birds this year is that no food is quite so popular as cheese. The circular rind of a small local cheese, whose walls are strengthened with a sort of...

The whole race in Britain, as in Scotland, is strangely

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devoted to man and his habitations. I knew of one, in a famous aviary, that played a regular game of hide-and-seek with its attendant. A pied wagtail in my own garden used to...

THE VOGUE OF AFFORESTATION.

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Not even in Evelyn's day was the subject of tree-planting quite so widely canvassed as to-day in British country places, or were so many exotics tried. A surprising number of...

Country Life

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OLD COTTAGES. More and more thoroughly each year the several counties of England are taking pains to discover and preserve their peculiar beauties and values. Private societies...

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—To the younger generation

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Mr. Bernard Shaw, when he tries to be serious, often seems to be longwinded, or else to display a surprising ignorance of the truth. Thus in his observations on Mr. Bossom's...

Letters to the Editor

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CLEARING THE SLUMS [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Mr. Bossom's most inspiring articles on slum clearance which have appeared in the last two numbers of the Spectator...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sin,—As I disagree with Mr. Bossom's major proposal, though not with some of his minor suggestions, I will deal with the two aspects in that order. I put aside the statistics of...

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—I do not agree

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with Mr. Bossom's proposed solution of " Clearing the Slums." He says that 160 acres of buildings must be pulled down and a population of 60,000 rehoused as near as possible to...

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SLAVERY IN LIBERIA

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• [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—A partial reply, at any rate, to those critics who say, in effect, with regard to the recent revelations of slavery in Liberia, " See...

GREAT BRITAIN, INDIA, AND THE UNITED STATES

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR, —Here is some news about the recent Round Table Conference which your contemporary Liberty in the United States is disseminating to its...

KENYA [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—In a footnote

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to a letter in your issue of January 10th from my friend, Mr. L. F. Moore, M.L.C. Northern Rhodesia, a contributor of yours is quoted as expressing, very properly, his regret...

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THE CALL OF THE CHURCH [To the Editor of the

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SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The series of articles which the Spectator has published has set me thinking about the Established Church. T am a very bad Churchman. I am not trying to shirk...

THE COLLAPSE OF DEMOCRACY [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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SIR,—Sir Ernest Benn's common-sense statement in the Spectator " that economic problems have very little whatever to do with Government " strikes an answering chord in the...

INTERCOURSE WITH GOD [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—In

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his letter under this head in your issue of January 3rd, Dean Du Buisson leaves it doubtful whether; by personal intercourse with God, he means the God of Christianity or simply...

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DIVORCE

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[To the Editor-of the SPECTATOR:] Sin,—On his` letter published in your issue of the 17th inst. Dr. Geikie-Cobb writes : " Hence the isolation of adultery as the sole offence...

PERFORMING ANIMALS

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia, — It seems to me - that Lord Lonsdale forces the issue to breaking point, and for these chief reasons :— 1. He refuses to resign from his...

SAVING AND SPENDING

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-[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sni,—The note-- , -Spending and Saving—in this week's editorial commentary, touches on a topic of puzzlement to a large number of us, unversed...

THE ANTI-STEEL-TRAP LEAGUE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The friends of animals in Great Britain will be interested to know that the Anti-Steel-Trap League, through its State Division, has scored...

BROADCASTING DEMOCRACY

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[To.. the Editor of the SPECTATOR." SIR,—On the usefulness of the B.B.C. as an instrument of democratic education, I entirely agree with the views expressed by Mr. Leonard...

ROME TO RIO—BY SEA AND AIR

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—The . Italian Atlantic formation flight, with its three days of flying and twenty-six days of resting, once more shows up the deadly...

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A GHOST STORY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—One of the best ghost stories I know was told to me at first hand in my last parish in North Wilts. The old lady, who narrated it in the...

IS FOX-HUNTING DOOMED ?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Sir William Beach Thomas' article under the title " Is Fox-hunting Doomed ? " is, I feel, not quite in accord with the facts of the case...

POINTS FROM LETTERS

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VOLUNTARY HOSPITALS. As a member of a district committee (The Eskdale and Boot Hospital Committee), working on behalf of our local general hospital, The West Cumberland...

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The Occupation of the Rhineland

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The Uneasy Triangle. By " Apex." (Murray. is. 6d.) Tins is a delightfully entertaining account of the experiences of a British officer in the Rhineland during the occupation....

Much of a Muchness ?

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Women of the Underworld. By Mrs. Cecil Chesterton. (Stanley Paul. 5s.) Tins book will excite strong emotions, but those who read it hoping for an orgy of condemnation or...

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The Prince of Journalists

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Hazlitt's Selected Essays. (Nonesuch Press. 8s. 6d.) OF all our immortal friends and masters, Hazlitt perhaps has the most fertile mind. There is nothing that does not interest...

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Boer, British and Black

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The Cradle Days of Natal : 1497-1845. By Graham Mackeurtan. (Longman, Green. 15s.) THREE peoples went towards the making of Natal. The Zulus were there first by right of...

The " Divine Emilie"

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THE paths of the true Voltairean (using the word not in its nineteenth-century sense, which was synonymous with " atheist ") are many and varied ; but few are pleasanter than...

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Latin Literature

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A History of Later Latin Literature, from the Middle of the Fourth to the end of the Seventeenth Century. By F. A. Wright and T. A. Sinclair. (Routledgo. 18s.) Tun classical...

New Delhi

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view of the Round Table Conference the January number of the Architectural Review is entirely devoted to a study of the new capital of India written by Mr. Robert Byron, who is...

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Spanish Spirituality

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Studies of the Spanish Mystics. Vol. I.I. E. Allison Peers, M.A. (S.P.C.K. 18s.) PROFESSOR ALLISON PEERS' devoted labours in the by-ways of Spanish mysticism place students of...

Ski-ing

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THESE three latest books on ski-ing bring all the available information about the sport in its present state of development up to date. Each writer describes fully a different...

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A Napoleon of Finance

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The Life of J. Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913). By John Kennedy Winkler. (Knopf. 15s.) THERE exist at the present time .in the United States two great monuments to the memory of the...

Fiction

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Martyrs IN the names of duty and devotion the very elect are deceived, and Rachel Moon, of Miss Rea's new novel, was not of the very elect. She was an obsessed and self-made...

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Some Books of the Week

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The Political Quarterly for January to March begins with " A Reform Bill for 1932," by Lady Passfield (Mrs. Sidney Webb), whose suggestions for constitutional reform contrast...

THE MARRENDON MYSTERY, by J. S. Fletcher. (The Crime Club,

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7s. 6d.), consists of sixteen short stories of the kind which we classify as detective fiction. They are ingenious and well written, and in other ways rather better than the...

The rising generation, as their elders often forget, know little

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about the late War. To them, therefore, we would com- mend Sir William Beach Thomas's Events of the Great War in Megsrs. Routledge's sixpenny series of Introductions." In eighty...

The emiment Swedish theologian Dr. Yngve Brilioth is already well

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known in this country by his book on The Anglican Revival ; and accounts of his great work on the Eucharist—first published in 1926—have familiarized English students of...

General Knowledge Questions

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OUR weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to W. F. Broadbent, Halefield, Wendover, Bucks. Questions on Persian Art I. What...

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Sir William Temple, who served Charles II as diplomatist and

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counsellor, is best remembered as the patron of Swift and as the fortunate recipient of charming letters from his future wife, Dorothy Osborne. In his own day, and for long...

Coleridge as poet reigns securely, but his prose writings, discursive

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and often fragmentary, have fallen into neglect. It is interesting to find no less competent an authority than Professor J. H. Muirhead, in Coleridge as Philosopher (Allen and...

Appropriately at the time of the present exhibition the Medici

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Society has just issued an edition of the Rubcliyit of . Omar Khayyam, in Fitzgerald's rendering which is almost perfect in its kind. The covers are decorated with the design of...

Geoffrey of Monmouth's story of King Arthur and his knights

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captivated all Western Europe when it appeared in the middle of the twelfth century, and supplied poets and prose- writers with material for generations to come. One somewhat...

Herr Walter Seckauer's The Books of the Emperor Wu Ti

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(Seeker, 6s.) was awarded the Jugend Prize, but we confess our inability to understand why. It seems to be a Chinese allegory (tediously distilled through the conduit of a...

Answers to Questions on Persian Art

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1. The Moslem and pre-Moslem periods ; before and after 640 A.D. - 2..In the latter part-of the eleventh century.-3. From Darius' palace at Susa.-4. Rayy (Rhages).-5....

The Competition

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SUPPOSING your bookshelf came to life and you were able to invite six characters from English fiction to dine with you, which six would make the most interesting party and with...

We welcome the seven new volumes of the Loeb Classics

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Library :— Bede : Opera Historica. (Vols. I and II.) Translated by J. E. King. Lysias. Translated by W. R. M. Lamb. St. Basil : The Letters. Translated by R. J. Deferrari...

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Motoring Notes

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The 16 h.p. 6-cyl. Austin Saloon A FAMILY car; British throughout; solid, and trustworthy ; the saloon under di .cussion costs L335. In my first article in this series on...

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THE BURDEN OF TAXATION.

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At the recent annual meeting of Michael Nairn and Green- wich, the chairman, in referring to the obscurity of the general outlook, spoke in no uncertain terms with regard to the...

Financial Notes

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AN ECONOMY CAMPAIGN. THE most remarkable feature of the past week has been the continuance of the heavy drain of gold to France and the weakness of some of the Foreign...

HUDSON'S BAY.

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Following upon the meeting held last week, the shares of Hudson's Bay Company have experienced a moderate rally. This, presumably, is due to the fact that, largely, it is...