10 JANUARY 1931

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Sir Muhammad Shall went on to say that Sir Chimanlal

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had not defined what he meant by this last declaration. It was necessary, therefore, to explain what he himself understood was meant and what was in any case the intention of...

Round Table Speeches Turning aside from the criticalMatter of the

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electorates we may refer briefly to the principal speeches at the Round Table - Conference. On Friday, January 2nd, Lord Sankey, the Lord Chancellor, who presided over the...

Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru made a long speech on Friday,

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January 2nd, in which he expressed his own ideas of Indian responsibility at the centre. He frankly recog- nized that there would have to be a period of transition during which...

The nature of the proposed compromise was explained to the

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Minorities Sub-Coinmittee on Tuesday. Sir . Muhammad Shafi then announced that the Moslems Were ready to agree after all to joint electorates on Certain cohcfitions which had...

EDITORIAL AND PUBLISHING. OFFICES : 99 Cower Street, London, W.C.

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1.—A Subscription to the SPECTATOR costs Thirty Shillings per annum, including postage, to any part of the world. The SrEcrraTon is regiztered as a Newspaper. The Postage on...

News of the Week

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Hindus and Moslems THE event of the week at the Round Table Conference has been the approach to an agreement between the Hindus and Moslems on the electoral system. Their...

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Signor Mussolini and Peace In a broadcast " talk "

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on New Year's Day Signor Mussolini explained himself and Fascism to the people of the United States. His pacific sentiments were most welcome. It is impossible, of course, to...

The first aim of the miners after the breakdown of

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last Saturday was to persuade the Government, some- how or other and in spite of the Act, to apply force to the owners—to make them act on the suggestion of the National Board....

advance he had made since the publication of the Simon

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Report. He argued from the basis that the unexpectedly early acceptance by the Indian States of the Federal idea had changed the situation. We may remark here that it is...

Mr. Graham evidently found little help in the miners' proposal

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and his next step was to summon both the owners and the miners' leaders to London. The meeting which took place on Wednesday was not tech- . nically a reconstitution of the...

On Tuesday, Sir Samuel Hoare laid a Conservative opinion before

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the Federal Structure Sub-Committee. He did not profess to speak for the Unionist Party. The sense of his speech was an unwillingness to commit himself until the picture of a...

The Coal Strike Last Saturday the Conciliation Board in Cardiff

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failed to produce an agreement between the mineowners and the miners. The strike in South Wales, which has put about 150,000 men out of work, therefore went on and is continuing...

The Cotton Crisis If the strikes against the " more

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looms to a weaver " s ystem continue in the cotton industry, the employers, according to their present intention, will resort to a general lock-out. On Tuesday, at a full...

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The Princess Royal We greatly regret to record the death

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last Sunday of the Princess Royal, the King's eldest sister. The sincere sympathy of the whole nation with the Royal Family in their sorrow has been unmistakable. Few marriages...

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Sadler's Wells Sadler's Wells served London as a house of entertain- ment for almost two and a half centuries, and was for eighteen years the home of London's Shakespeare. It...

It was a marvellous redemption of the utter failure of

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his original plan for outflanking the German armies of the North. Although he was a Southerner and a man of the people, he had none of the popular expansiveness and volubility...

The Trade Unions and Unemployment Insurance The Industrial Correspondent of

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the Daily Telegraph described last Saturday what he says happened at a meeting between the Prime Minister and a delegation from the General Council of the Trades Union Congress....

Marshal Joffre All British people were deeply moved as they

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heard day by day of the gallant and uncomplaining struggle for life of the late Marshal Joffre. The struggle ended last Saturday morning. He was seventy-nine years of age. His...

Germany and Disarmament President von Hindenburg in his reply to

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New Year messages emphasized the importance of disarmament. If the Allies do not disarm they cannot refuse to Germany the right to an equal measure of armament. What would...

The Birthday of the League The date of this issue

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of the Spectator coincides with the eleventh birthday of the League of Nations. It used to be the fashion to cast doubts on the idealisms and enthusiasms of Geneva. but to-day...

Bank Rate, 3 per cent., changed from 3} per cent.

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on May 1st, 1980. War Loan (5 per cent.) was on Wednesday 10344. ; on Wednesday week, 1031 ; a year ago, 100*. Funding Loan (4 per cent.) was on Wednesday CO ; on Wednesday...

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The Future of the B.B.C.

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T "programme of the B.B.C. for what may very roughly be called the educational side of the Corporation's work has made a deep impression. Even people who are slow to observe and...

The Indian Conference

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QIR CHIMANLAL SETALVAD and Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru arc to be congratulated on their statesman- like action in meeting a large part of the Mohammedan demands for safeguarding their...

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The Challenge To Religious Orthodoxy

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[In this series men and of organized religion in ill-informed, is common, Harvey, part author of Atheism." wom0.1 presenting the outlook of the younger generation have been...

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Clearing the Slums I

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By ALFRED C. BossoM. [Mr. Bossom, a distinguished architect and an alderman of the L.C.C., is already known to our readers. In this article and the next he states a problem...

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The Collapse of Democracy

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BY SIR CHARLES PETRIE [This article will be answered next week by Sir Ernest Bonn, and there will be a further article by Mr. A. A. Baumann (" A. A. B." ) in a subsequent...

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Persian Art at Burlington House

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BY J. V. S. WILKINSON. N EVER, in previous exhibitions, have the arts been treated as impartially ; never have so many arts been represented together ; and never have...

Tree-Planting for Amateurs—II

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By R. C. K. Exson. [In his first article last week, Mr. Ensor explained how the charm of rural England is dependent on tho choice and placing of trees, and how the small...

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The Guest of Honour

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BY J. B. MORTON. I HAVE a friend who was always being pestered to visit one of the many clubs or societies into which writing people love to form themselves nowadays. But he,...

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The Theatre

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[Tim II. BIMA HEBREW PLAYERS. Ar TIIE PHOENIX THEATRE.] WHAT can one say about plays of which one understands not a word ? Or, at most, two or three words—a phrase mercifully...

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Next Week

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A SHORT STORY : by RABINDRANATH TAGORE HAS DEMOCRACY COLLAPSED ? by SIR ERNEST BENN A BALLADE : by J. C. SQUIRE SCIENCE AND POETRY : by ALDOUS HUXLEY "MITTENS" : by BERNARD...

Art

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Persian Art To write comprehensively about the International Exhibition of Persian Art at Burlington House is a labour so gigantic and one which would require so many literary...

A Hundred Years Ago

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The Emperor Nicholas has, by a ukase dated the 13th December, appointed General Diebitsch generalissimo of the army destined to act against Poland. The same document declares...

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LAMMAS LAND

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The following notice, set up by the chairman of the Parish Council in a village of the Home Counties, indicates a certain proper pride in the preservation of historic privileges...

Fashions, often as inexplicable as social fashions, prevail in plants.

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It is alleged that the peony (like the Alsatian wolf-hound) is losing favour ; and for this there can be no good reason, except that the newer and more lovely single varieties...

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URBAN STARLINGS. An interesting little problem in natural history, which should be easily soluble, has not yet been satisfactorily solved : where do the starlings come from,...

A SWAN RITUAL

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An Irish observer, whose name is well known among painters and poets, has discovered among the swans, which frequent a millstream in his neighbourhood, the observance of a...

Let no one deny the simple splendour of a mass

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of one sort ; but in the smaller garden a great deal is to be said for a bed of mixed annuals. It is troublesome only in one respect. Failure to produce the " Turkey carpet...

A WINTER DUTY It is refreshing to deal with flowers

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while we are in the grip of winter—to think on " fantastic summer heat " while we " wallow naked in December snows." And, more than this, the sowing time comes upon most of us...

Country Life

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WHY NOT CATS ? A new theory of what constitutes a domestic animal is suggested by the latest traffic regulations. If a motorist kills or damages a dog or goat he is under...

ANNUAL GLORIES.

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If any corroboration were needed of the growth of the cult of gardening in England it would be supplied by some of the catalogues that are sent out about New Year's Day. They...

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DIVORCE

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—Lord Salvesen's excellent article on " Divorce in the Spectator of January 8rd embraces most of the arguments in favour of sensible and...

Letters to the Editor

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MAULANA MOHAMED ALI [To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—The death of Mohamed Ali, one of the leading Moslem Delegates to the Round Table Conference on January 4th, did not...

FORCED LABOUR

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] SIR,—Mr. J. H. Harris in his letter in your issue of Decem- ber 13th, takes a more optimistic view of the Draft Convention on Forced or...

MACHINERY AND UNEMPLOYMENT

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Your contributor, in your issue of January 3rd, says : " The truth must • be with those who say that an increase in productive power, in...

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THE GENEVA OPIUM CONVENTION

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—The Geneva Opium Convention of 1925 consists largely in measures designed to control, after it has been manufactured, a world output of...

SYMPATHY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] S1R,—This week's issue of the Spectator is a very interesting illustration of its catholicity of appeal. On the one hand there is the academic...

LONDON 'S UNDERGROUND TEN Elf FATS

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[To tlw Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sin,—Some months ago you were kind enough to allow me to draw attention to the marked difference between the housing problem of London and...

KENYA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—In the course of an article entitled "Kenya" in your issue of October 4th you say : " We are nevertheless forced to dissent from the...

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SLAUGHTER REFORM

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR] Sin,—I would like most heartily to congratulate and thank the Spectator for the excellent leading article in your issue of December 13th, so...

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A GHOST STORY

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sia,—In the early days of their marriage and when I was a small baby, my father, the late William Caldwell Roscoe— brother-in-law of the late...

'WILD BEASTS AT OLYMPIA

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] 8111,--It is good to read Major Yeats-Brown's expostulations against wild-animal turns. May a few of his remarks be underscored ? The menagerie...

QUANTITY OR QUALITY IN EDUCATION?

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[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.] Sm,—Most Englishmen feel that the country cannot do better than invest its money in giving the best training possible to the next generation....

[To the Editor of the SPECTATOR.]

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Sia,—Major Yeats-Brown is one of those sad products of this sloppy age whose sympathies have been allowed to outrun normal bounds of common sense. He attributes people leaving...

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As the paragraph in your issue of December 13th is

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not quite accurate so far as the price of this volume is concerned, I write to ask if you could kindly make it clear that the reduced prices to those purchasing copies in...

The New Year

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[A free translation of the part of a poem written during a storm on the last day of a year.] LINE a fruit shaken free by an impatient wind from the veils of its mother flower...

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A Guide to Materialism The Nature of Living Matter. By

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Prof. L. T. Hogben. (Kogan Paul. 15s.) THE view is apparently held in many quarters that science has rejected, or is soon. likely to. reject, materialism. This belief is partly...

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The Revolt from Naturalism

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The Flight from Reason. By Arnold Lunn. (Eyre and Spottiswoode. 7s. 6d.) As recent articles in the Spectator have proved, a marked feature of the contemporary criticism of...

Lord Rendel's Personal Papers

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The Personal Papers of Lord Bendel. By F. E. Hamer. (Bonn. lea.) Tnis book appears with the brilliant charm of an unexpected comet. It was widely known that Lord Rendel,...

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A Self-made Aristocrat

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A PASSION for public duty has been for nearly two hundred years the passion of the American family of Adams. It was their only passion. They have produced statesmen, diplomats...

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Helps to the Study of Persian Art

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The Persians. By Sir E. Denison Ross. (The Clarendon Press. 5s. ) Persian Painting. By Basil Gray. (Ernest Benn. 6s. 6d.) Persian Painting. By Pilulk Raj Anand. (Faber and...

Nerves and Nerviness

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The Nervous Temperament. By Millais Culpin and May Smith. (H.M. Stationery Office. Is.) NERVOUSNESS is a term used to cover a variety of mental eccentricities ; for it is...

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Rome and Hellenism

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The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VIII.—Rome and the Mediterranean. Edited by S. A. Cook, F. E. Adcock, and M. P. Charlesworth. (Cambridge University Press. 35s.) TIIERE can...

Two American Travellers in India

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India : Land of the Black Pagoda. By Lowell Thomas. (Century Company.) Dn. Durant has an enviable gift : before his scrutiny obscure subjects shrivel into drastic simplicities....

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Fiction

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Too Much Broth A FAIR general criticism of these three very competent novels would be that they suffer from excess. The authors are evidently anxious not to leave out anything,...

Myths of the World .

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Orpheus : Myths of the World. By Padraic Colum. (Macmil- lan. 2124 - Tax _mantle of the divine minstrel assuredly rested on the shoulders of Mr. Padraic Colum, when he thought...

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The Magazines Tim Nineteenth Century for January begins with an

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unpub- lished sonnet by George Meredith to Labouchere; which is not one of his best. Sir Herbert Samuel gives some sensible reasons why we should support the alternative vote in...

Miss Selina Poole and Miss Henrietta Melbury. It was in

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Mr. Texeira,:s handwriting. Henrietta, before my trembling fingers had torn it open 1 knew the worst." If you like this sort of thing, here is a great deal of it, well above the...

Lucky Dip

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This little book, beautifully produced, would be worth every penny that is asked for it if it were printed on the cheapest paper and in a sixpenny binding. Nothing I have read...

THE GLADIATOR. By Nicolai Gubsky. (Elkin Mat- hews and Marrot.

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'is. 6c1.)—This is a sympathetic study of the emotional development experienced by an introspective young Russian Civil Servant under the old regime. He falls P O R T ABLE in...

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The fifty Unpublished Letters from the Collection of John Wild

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(Philip Allan, Os.) here published by Mr. Carew Hunt, form, it is to be hoped, only an instalment ; for Mr. Hunt's great-grandfather got together thirty-nine large volumes of...

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Of the three latest of the Loeb Classics (Heinemann, 10s. each) the fourth volume of Professor Gulick's Deiproscrphistor of Athenceus, and the seventh of Dr. H. L. Jones'...

Some Books of the Week

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" IT will take at least a generation before India ' can have her own Army and Navy responsible to her own Cabinet, and only then will the question of the right to secede become...

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Essays and Observations. By Lord Hewart of Bury—Lord Chief Justice

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of England. (Cassell, 12s. 6d.) This volume is exempt from serious criticism on the ground that it is published at the request of friends. Indeed, in the more carefully written...

Miniature Banking Histories, by R. H. Mottram (Chatto and Windus,

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6s.), brings for the first time to the general public the opportunity of acquainting themselves with the per- sonalities, foibles, and traditions of what some people now say are...

Those who wish to understand the deeper implications of that

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" liturgical revival ''' which is so marked a feature of modern Catholicism, will learn much from the beautiful essay on The Spirit of the Liturgy, by Romano Guardini (Sheed and...

The Malayan 'Archipelago is not so little known as Mr.

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Leopold Anisworth would have us believe, but his volume, A Merchant . Venturer Among the Sea Gipsies (Nesbit, 15s.), does nothing to increase our knowledge. Dates are scarce,...

In Search of Ireland. By H. V. Morton. (Methuen, 7s.

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6d.) is less successful than the same author's In Search of England and In Search of Scotland. Mr. Morton has to suppress, to some extent, his natural breeziness and in con-...

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Sir George Aston's Secret Service (Faber and Faber, 18s.) leaves the impression that the author was not very directly or intimately concerned with some of the matters on which...

On Being Ill, by Virginia Woolf (The Hogarth Press 21s.),

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is an exercise in style. We are carried down the thirty-four pages on a stream of gentle allusions, mild exaggerations and the like, till we find ourselves at rest in the shaded...

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'c itE INDEX TO VOLUME 145 OF THE " SPECTATOR "

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WILL BE READY FOR DELIVERY ON JANUARY 24TH, 1931. Readers resident outside the British Isles, and Libraries Overseas, are asked to info: m the SPECTATOR Office in advance as to...

The Competition

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SUPPOSING your bookshelf came to life and you were able to invite six_ characters from English fiction to dine with you, which six would make the most pleasant party and with...

General Knowledge Questions

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OUR weekly prize of one guinea for the best thirteen Questions submitted is awarded this week to Elsa B. Christy, Grey Friars, Ringwood, Hants, for the following :- Questions on...

Motoring Notes

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The 30/40 h.p. 12 cyl. Daimler THIS model, the second largest of a range of six, is one which has very interesting and novel features. To start with, it has two blocks of six...

Reference Books

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Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage. Knightage, and Companionage, 1931. (Dean and Son, Debrett House, 29 King Street, W.C. 2. 75s.) The People's Year Book, 1931. (The Co-operative...

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BUILDING SOCIETIES.

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In another column I make a more extended reference to the general outlook in the light of recent developments, but as regards the general monetary outlook reference may be made...

INSURANCE RESULTS.

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While banking profits during the past year have suffered, the insurance results at present announced are thoroughly satisfactory, and in some instances, indeed, establish fresh...

BANKING DIVIDENDS.

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During the past week Barclays Bank, the Midland Bank and Westminster Bank have all announced dividends at the same rate as a year ago. Next week I shall hope to refer more fully

Financial Notes

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INVESTMENTS FIRM. ONE or two developments have served to impart a cheerful tone to the stock markets at the opening of the New Year. A week ago I referred to the fillip given...

Accompanying this intimation the Society sent out some interesting comments

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on the influences which have inspired their present policy, and among other things the directors explain that, owing to the cheapness of money, resources which would ordinarily...

Answers to Questions on Meals

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1. Aeneas and his company. Aeneid VII, 116.-2. Aeneas's meal defiled by the Harpies. Aeneid III, 234.-3. Meal given by Jael to Sisera, before . she murdered him. Judges IV,...